Imyenda ya silk isanzwe irazwi cyane kubera ibiranga bitangaje. Silk yakunze cyane kubantu kuburyo yize gukora inzira ya sintetike. Ariko ibi ntabwo byagize ingaruka kubisabwa byinshi byumutwe usanzwe wabonetse kuri cocoons yinzovu.
Amateka
SILK - Ibikoresho bisanzwe, umusaruro wacyo udafite imyaka igihumbi. Byafashwe ko ikibazo cya silk cyatangiye kubyazwa no mubihe byacu. Icyapa cyaturutse mu Bushinwa. Nkuko umugani uvuga, Umugore w'imyaka 14 w'umwe mu bami ba mbere banyoye icyayi mu gihe igicucu cy'ibiti, maze umudozi wa cocoon yaguye mu gikombe. Munsi y'amazi ashyushye ava muri cocoon, urudodo rukomeye rwasohotse.Uwo mwashakanye yabonye umugozi kandi muri ako kanya yasuwe nigitekerezo cy'uko mu bikubiye muri cocon, urashobora gukora umwenda, utandukanya ubwiza no kuramba. Vuba, amasura yo hejuru ya leta yatanze itegeko ryo guhinga ubudodo. Nyuma imashini yavumbuwe, kandi impyisi ya silk itangira gukora cyane.
SimPultures yabujijwe rwose kudoda imyenda ya silk. Ibi bintu bya kare karemano byakoreshejwe igihe cyo kudoda imyenda gusa kubahagarariye umwami w'abami. By'umwihariko muri urwo rwego, ubudodo butukura hamwe n'ubudodo bwa zahabu bwashimiwe.
Umusaruro w'ibudozi wakozwe gusa mu Bushinwa gusa, ibanga rye ntirivugwa ko ritinya igihano cy'urupfu. Amakamyo ya linkle na silkworm, kimwe n'imbuto z'igiti kibikira, bibujijwe gutwarwa mu bindi bihugu. Hamwe niterambere ryubucuruzi, buto ya silk yamenyekanye kwisi yose. Ariko, Ubushinwa ibinyejana byinshi byakomeje kuba igihugu cyonyine aho iyi mikorere karemano yakozwe ku rugero rw'inganda.
Mu Burayi, ubudodo bwa Acetate bwaje mu Burayi, ubundi buryo bwo kuganduka ku mwenda nyawo w'ubudodo mu Bushinwa wavumbuwe. Noneho umusaruro wa canvas wateye imbere mu Butaliyani, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza n'Ubusuwisi.
Mu bihe byose, amateka ya Silk yatwikiriwe rwihishwa, ahujwe n'amahoro ndetse rimwe na rimwe - hamwe na mysticism. Ibihe byukuri byo kubaho kwayo ntabwo bizwi kugeza na nubu.
Amateka ya silk yubukorikori yatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19, mugihe inzira ya Xanthmanning yateguwe. Ikoranabuhanga ryavumbuwe n'inzuki z'Ubwongereza, umusaraba no gutangara, nubwo mu Burayi hari kugerageza gukora umukandara wa artificiel.
Kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya synthetike, ubutaka bwoza mu gisubizo cya soda yitonda. Noneho, ibindi bikoresho byimiti byongewe mubindi bisobanuro bitose, bitewe nuburyo xanogeneration reaction yabaye.
Ibicuruzwa byavuyemo byanyuze mu rwego rwihariye, nyuma yashyizwe muri sodium igisubizo, zinc sulfate na aside sulfuric. Imitwe n'i fibre yashizweho, kandi impyisi ya siteli ya synthe yatangiye kubyara ku nganda. Ipatadiro kubera umusaruro wacyo wanditswe ku ya 30 Nzeri 1902.
Ubwoko bw'imyenda ya silk
Urwego rwibibazo byubudodo rwerekana ubwoko bwa fibre, umunwa wugari, imitungo ya silk, ibiranga umusaruro no kugaragara. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byubudodo biba ubwoko bubiri: Malbury na Tussa.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Urufunike rwo kuboha abagore kubagore. Ikinyamakuru gifite gahunda
Ubwiza buhebuje ni butangurube, udafite ibisasu . Byakozwe mu filaments ya flakworm yakuze mubihe byubukorikori. Inzira yose yo kubona ibikoresho ikorwa intoki. Gutunganya bibaho nta gukoresha ibicuruzwa, kugirango ibintu byiza byiza biguma ibinyabiziga byose.
Icyiciro cy'ikamyo, bitandukanye na Malbury, umusaruro uva ku nsanganyamatsiko y'inyenzi zo mu gasozi-silkworm. TUSSUS ni silik itukura, rimwe na rimwe umukara cyangwa umuringa. Ikoreshwa munganda ibikoresho byo kugurisha ibicuruzwa, imitako yimbere cyangwa umusego wuzura. Kugira ngo umwenda wabonye isura igaragara, iratandukanye.
Ubu ni ubwoko karemano bwa silik, byerekana ubuziranenge nuburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro.
Kandi, tissue igabanijwe nuburyo:
- Ibintu bihamye ni crepe-chifvon, crest-gorget.
- Imyenda ya semi-rapous - Crea Satin, gukomera.
- Umwenda wuzuye silk Jacquerd.
- Canvas nto.
- Imyenda y'ibirundo - Velor veltwit, velvet.
Imyenda ya silk yashyizwe muburyo bwo kubyara. Muri icyo gihe, buri kibazo gifite ibintu byayo, kidasanzwe.
- Brenyy Silk agizwe nibice bigufi bya fibre idasukuwe. Fibre, ibice bya silk sil, lanse hanze nibindi imbere ya cocoon. Kubera iyi gahunda yumutwe wurubuga, bafite imitungo ya bagiteri.
- Silk mbisi - ibikoresho byiza byimyenda. Yakozwe muri sisitemu ya cocoller ya caterpillar yo gusubiramo umugozi cyangwa synthique. Inkebe zubudodo zifite ibiranga nkibi: ubworoherane, byoroshye, delastique, imbaraga, kwagura ibyiza. Mubisanzwe impyisi ikomeza gukora imyenda, impengamico yo kudoda nibindi bicuruzwa.
- Visilcose silk ni ibinini bisanzwe, irimo fibre ya synthetic. Turashimira ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ubudodo bwa helcose ubu bikorwa hafi yibintu bisanzwe. Visikuru irashobora kugenwa nuburyo bwa fibre butwitse. Iki kibazo kigizwe na selile, ni yo mpamvu yakabaye ukundi kugereranywa n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bigizwe n'ibibazo bya poroteyine.
- ParacUte silk ni igitambaro gikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Ahantu haramba cyane silik - ibikoresho birasobanutse, bishushanyije muburyo butandukanye, bitewe numwanya.
- Ubudodo butose bukozwe gusa kuri fibre karemano. Nibikoresho byinshuti nziza kandi byimiryango bikoreshwa mu kudoda imyambarire myiza: imyenda yubudodo, imyenda, imyambarire, amashati na santi. SILK nayo itose ikoreshwa muguhindura ibikoresho byintoki. Bitabaye ibyo, ibikoresho byubudozo byitwa Satin satin.
- Ibikoresho bya silk yubudodo bifite ubuso bwa matte. Ikoreshwa mugudoda: imyambarire ya silk, kimwe nijwi hamwe nizindi mvugo yuburyo bwatetse ku mashusho aherutse kuba ashushanya ubu. Ibikoresho byatetse byubudodo byibutsa suede mumiterere yayo.
Ibigize n'imiterere
Mubigize imiti, ibintu bisanzwe bisa numusatsi cyangwa ubwoya. Na 97%, bigizwe na poroteyine, ibisigaye - ibishashara namavuta. Ibihimbano byabonetse ubudodo bwa acetate bigizwe ahanini na selile hamwe nibirimo bike byumwanda wimiti.Ingingo ku ngingo: Nigute ushobora gukora impapuro silinder: intambwe ya-intambwe ya-intambwe hamwe na gahunda na videwo
Imyenda ya silk yubukomagari buhagaze kuri aside, ibiti bya kama na alkalis.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bitakaza imbaraga ku bushyuhe hejuru ya dogere 110 cyangwa hamwe ningaruka zifatika zivanze.
Silk ibintu birashimishije gukoraho. Nibintu byiza cyane kandi byoroshye bishobora gushushanywa muburyo butandukanye. Ntabwo bishaje cyane, birasimbuka neza kandi bikurura ubuhehere. Mu mucyo, imyenda yoroheje irazura neza.
Kuva kuri iki kibazo kidoda ibintu byimpeshyi kandi byimbeho, kuko ku bushyuhe nyabwo, umubiri ubamo. Byongeye kandi, ubudodo karemano bufite ingaruka zidashira - cyane cyane ubudodo bwa boree bwakuwe muri fibre ikingira ibice byimbere ninyuma. Kubwibyo, ubudodo bukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya sutura.
Kubibazo bya silk, cyane cyane imyenda, irashobora guterwa no kwiremeranya . Niba imyambarire ya silik yakuwe muri ubwo bwoko nka chiffon na crema, ntabwo bibaho kubera kuzamura byo hejuru bigota inkwavu muri canvas. Kugaragara kw'ibibanza hejuru yigitambara biyobowe nubushuhe nabwo bufitanye isano nibidukikije. Bene abo banduye bakurwaho inzoga byoroshye. Ibikoresho byubukorikori bifatwa nkibisanzwe, kandi mubisanzwe, ntakintu nkicyo.
Umusaruro
Caterpillar CaterPillars yarwanijwe mumirima minini ya silkiculran. Ubwa mbere, amagi yabo ashyizwe muri incubator. Nyuma yudukoko, yimurirwa kubagaburira. Iyo ubudodo bukuze, bushyirwa mu gasanduku aho atangira imirimo ye mugukora kakoni. Bifata iminsi igera kuri 4. Amaka yarangiye ashyirwa mumazi abira, aho bidakwiye. Izimya umugozi wa silk kuva kuri metero 300 kugeza 1000.
Nyuma yo kuvura bidasanzwe, urudodo ruramurika. Niba ukeneye umwenda utarabarika, ukurwaho gusa murimwe mubyiciro byanyuma byumusaruro. Insanganyamatsiko zirashushanyije kandi zikaba muri silik ikomeye, ibintu bisanzwe. Kuri ibi, umusaruro w'igidozi urangira.
Gusaba
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, ibice byo gukoresha ibi bikoresho ni byinshi. Reba buri kimwe muri byo muburyo burambuye.Kurangiza imbere
Muri 90 two mu kinyejana gishize, imitako mishya y'urukuta yagaragaye mu Burayi. Gukora iyi, ubudodo butose bwakoreshejwe - plaster idasanzwe hamwe na fibre karemano. Silk itose yakoreshejwe mu gushushanya ahantu heza. Noneho uburyo butose bwa silike ya demor bwarushijeho buhendutse.
Ku cyuma gitose birakwiye ko twitondera ba nyir'ibigo by'imyidagaduro. Ibi bikoresho bifite imiterere nziza, ntabwo bikatwika kandi ntabwo byaraka, bivuye kubona umutekano wumuriro nibyiza. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byose birarangiye ni byiza cyane kandi biramba.
Ubudozi
Ahari iyi ni ahantu hasanzwe hashobora kubaho ibikoresho bya silk. Kudusambanya imyenda, byombi nibisanzwe na acetate bikoreshwa, bitandukanye gato mumiterere. Ikintu cyoroshye cya silike yambaye imyenda ishimangira neza ishusho, byoroshye mugihe amasogisi araramba.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Nigute ushobora gukora impapuro zerekana amaboko hamwe namaboko yawe mubyiciro - Amafoto, Video
Kugirango ukore ibintu bya Wardrobe, ubudodo bwa parasute bikoreshwa, birangwa n'imbaraga nyinshi. Kandi, ubu bwoko bukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye: amahema, icyicaro gitangwamo nibikoresho, nibindi.
Inzu yimyenda
Umwenda mwiza mwiza usa neza imbere imbere. Badoda umwenda, imyenda yo kuryama, capes kugirango ibikoresho, ibitanda nibindi byinshi.
SILK ntabwo ari ibintu bya allergenic. Umukungugu na buke ntukagwire. Kubwibyo, abantu barwaye allergie, iyi myenda yoroheje irahujwe neza.
Imiti
Ubudodo bwa TUTE bufite ubushobozi bwo gukuramo ubushuhe mubunini bunini kuruta ibindi bikoresho. Mugihe kimwe, ntabwo ari bitose gukoraho. Kubwibyo, bikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi.Nibintu byiza cyane bikoreshwa mugutanga. Isuku yibintu ntabwo ikemuwe kugeza kumezi 3. Nanone, suture silk itera ikibazo gito cyambere cyakati kugirango imyenda ishimishije. Silk Suture ikoreshwa no mumaso na neurosurger.
Inshinge
Kuva kuri iyi ngingo zikora ubuto bwiza. Mubudomo bwamashusho, hakoreshwa ubudodo cyangwa ibihimbano birakoreshwa. Kugera mu mujyi wa Dalat Vietnamese, ba mukerarugendo ntibitabiriwe n'amahugurwa y'umuryango wa adombeye. Hariho intwaro zidasanzwe cyane zishushanyijeho intoki na politike zisanzwe kuri canpare.
Na none, ubudodo (cyangwa ikindi gisanzwe) ikoreshwa mukuboha. Byakozwe n'intoki cyangwa ku mashini zidasanzwe zifite ubuhanga.
Nigute watandukanya ibikoresho?
Kugirango tumenye ko tutagiye ubudodo imbere yacu, niko ibintu bisanzwe, urashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gutwika. Fibre ya artificial izatwikwa cyane numuriro mwiza, impumuro yimpapuro.Niba watwitse ibikoresho bisanzwe byubudodo, bizagenda neza. Muri iki gihe, urashobora kumva impumuro yo gutwika umusatsi.
Mubyongeyeho, birashoboka kumenya ubudodo nuburyo bworoshye, hejuru.
Amategeko yo kwita
Umwenda w'imyenda yo mu nsanganyamatsiko ya silk bisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe. Ibi bikoresho byiza bigomba guhanagurwa nintoki cyangwa nuburyo bwihariye. Ibintu byoroshye byo gukaraba birabujijwe, nibyiza kubaha isuku.
Iyo ukaraba, bigomba gutandukanywa n'imyambarire yambaye ibara: Ubudodo butukura bwahanaguwe bitandukanye numweru, nibindi
Iyo ubudodo bukiri buto cyane nyuma yo gukaraba, birakenewe kubizinga mu gitambaro. Mugihe ubushuhe burenze buke bwinjijwe, ibicuruzwa bigomba gushyirwa hejuru ya horizontal. Kuma gukoresha ibibujijwe.
Ibikoresho bitose ntibishobora kwiyongera. Iyo ubudodo bumye, urashobora kuyaterana nicyuma ahantu hato udahari.
Mu kinyagihumbi cyashize, ntakintu na kimwe cyahindutse mu masamba ya silk: kandi mu buzima bwa none ikuraho aho hantu, nko mu gihe cyo kubaho. Uku gukundwa cyane ikibazo cyoroheje gikwiye kutaba impfabusa. Ni suture, kandi nimbate, no kurangiza ibikoresho byakoreshejwe hamwe no gutsinda ahantu hose.