Muri bouilers, kimwe nibindi bikoresho byo gushyushya, ntabwo ubushyuhe bwose, butangwa mugihe cyo gutwika lisansi. Nibyiza cyane mumababi yubushyuhe hamwe nibicuruzwa byo gutwika mu kirere, igice cyatakaye binyuze mu mazu yo mu gitsina kandi igice gito cyatakaye kubera imiti cyangwa imashini zitagerwaho. Munsi yuburangare bwumvikana nko gutakaza ubushyuhe kubera gutsindwa cyangwa guta agaciro kwivura hamwe nibice bidafite ishingiro.
Ubushyuhe bwamabatsi ni ugukwirakwiza ubushyuhe birekuwe mugihe yaka amavuta yaka, kubushyuhe bwingirakamaro bukoreshwa kumugambi wabyo, no kubura ubushyuhe, bibaho mugihe cyimirimo yubushyuhe.
Gahunda yisoko nyamukuru yo gutakaza ubushyuhe.
Agaciro k'ubunini bushobora guhagarara hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwo gutwika lisansi yose yafashwe nkigiciro cyihariye cyo kuhagera.
Niba lisansi ikomeye cyangwa yamazi akoreshwa muri boiler, impirimbanyi zubushyuhe ziri muri kilodzhoules ugereranije na buri kilo cya lisansi yazimye, kandi iyo ukoresheje gaze, ugereranije na buri metero ebyiri. Kandi muri ibyo, murundi rubanza, impirimbanyi zubushyuhe irashobora kugaragazwa nkijanisha.
Uburinganire Bwishyurwa
Ubushyuhe buringaniye buringaniye mugihe cyaka gaze ishobora kugaragazwa na formula ikurikira:
Ibipimo byimisozi byiza bitanga umusaruro mwinshi wa sisitemu yo gushyushya.
- Qt = Q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 + q6;
- aho Qt niyo fagitire yuzuye yubushyuhe bwiyandikishije mu itanura rya boiar;
- Q1 - ubushyuhe bwingirakamaro bukoreshwa mugushyushya coolant cyangwa kubona inyamanswa;
- Q2 - Gutakaza ubushyuhe, bijyana no gutwika ibicuruzwa mu kirere;
- Q3 - Igihombo cyubushyuhe kijyanye no gutwika imiti yuzuye;
- Q4 - Gutakaza ubushyuhe kubera ubukani budahuye;
- Q5 - Gutakaza ubushyuhe mu rukuta rwa boiler na pisine;
- Q6 - Gutakaza ubushyuhe kubera gukuraho ivu no gukubita itanura.
Nkuko bigaragara muburinganire bwumuriro, mugihe gutwika gaseke cyangwa amazi ya gaze, nta q4 na Q6 indangagaciro ziranga gusa kubice bikomeye gusa.
Niba ubushyuhe bugaragazwa nkijanisha ryubushyuhe bwuzuye (Qt = 100%), iyi sano ifata ifishi:
- 100 = Q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 + q6.
Niba buri wese mu bagize ubushyuhe buringaniye ava ibumoso kandi bwiburyo bugabanijwemo qt hanyuma agwiza na 100, noneho ubushyuhe bugera kuri 100, noneho ubushyuhe bugera kuri 100 buzaba impirimbanyi zubushyuhe.
- Q1 = Q1 * 100 / qt;
- Q2 = Q2 * 100 / qt nibindi.
Niba lisansi yuzuye cyangwa ya gaze ikoreshwa muri boiler, noneho igihombo Q4 na Q6 birabura, ubushyuhe buringaniye ikigereranyo cya boiler mu ijanisha rifata urupapuro:
- 100 = Q1 + q2 + q3 + q5.
Buri bwoko bwubushyuhe nuburinganire bigomba gusuzumwa.
Ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe mu ntego (Q1)
Gahunda yihame ryo gukora mubushyuhe buhagaze.
Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu ntego itaziguye nuko umutwara ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe mubukonje, cyangwa gutegura abashakanye igitutu nubushyuhe, bufatwa nkubushyuhe bwamazi ecocoaider. Kubaho kwumugabo wongera cyane cyane umubare wubushyuhe bwingirakamaro, nkuko bishoboza gukoresha ubushyuhe, bikubiye mubicuruzwa byo gutwika.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Gutegura inzu ya 1-igorofa ifite ibyumba bitatu - hitamo umushinga wo kuryoha
Iyo umuswa yiruka, delastique nigitutu cyihuta imbere yiyongera. Ingingo yora y'amazi ashingiye kuri iyi nzira. Niba, mubihe bisanzwe, ingingo yo guteka y'amazi ni 100 ° C, noneho iyo umuvuduko wa coufle wiyongera, iki kimenyetso cyiyongera. Muri icyo gihe, babiri, bari muri boiler imwe hamwe n'amazi abira, bitwa kuzura, kandi aho baryama ku gitutu cyahawe ubushyuhe bwuzuye.
Niba nta bitonyanga byamazi muri bombi, noneho byitwa byumye gusa feri. Umubare munini wumye wuzuye ibyunuka byuzuye muburyo butunganijwe na steam, bigaragazwa nkijanisha. Mubyino bya Steam, ubushuhe bwa steam iri hagati ya 0 kugeza 0.1%. Niba ubushuhe burenze ibyo bipimo, umuswa ntabwo akora muburyo bwiza.
Ubushyuhe bwingirakamaro, bukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwa L y'amazi ava mubushyuhe bwa zeru kugeza aho bubika mugihe gihoraho kumuvuduko uhoraho, yitwa Enthalp yamazi. Ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe mu guhindura amazi 1 l yo kwirandura muri leta yumwuka yitwa ubushyuhe bwihishe bwumwuka. Igiteranyo cyibipimo byombi nuburyo rusange bubiri bwa steam yuzuye.
Gutakaza ubushyuhe hamwe nibicuruzwa byo gutwika, hasigara ikirere (Q2)
Ubu bwoko bwijanisha bugaragaza itandukaniro muri enthalprolprof yindwara zishira hamwe nubukonje bukonje bwinjira muri boiler. Formulas yo kumenya ibihombo biratandukanye mugihe ukoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwibintu bya lisansi.
Gutwika amavuta ya lisansi biganisha ku gutakaza ubushyuhe kubera imiti idatanga.
Iyo ukoresheje lisansi ikomeye, Q2 Gutakaza ni:
- Q2 = (ig-αg * i) (100-q4) / qt;
- aho ig ari enthalp ya gaze itemba mukirere (KJ / KG), αg ni coefficient yo mu kirere irenze, IV yinjira mu kirere isabwa ku gutwikwa, ku bushyuhe bw'inyemezabwishyu kuri boiler (KJ / KG).
Ikimenyetso cya Q4 kitangizwa muri formula kuko bigomba kuzirikana ubushyuhe bwasohotse mugihe cyaka umubiri wa kg 1 ya lisansi, kandi ntabwo kuri kg 1 ya lisansi yinjiye mu itanura.
Mugihe ukoresheje udusimba twa gaze cyangwa amazi, formula imwe ifite ifishi:
- Q2 = ((IG-αg * iv) / qt) * 100%.
Gutakaza ubushyuhe hamwe na gaze zisohoka biterwa na resika yo gushyushya hamwe nuburyo bukora. Kurugero, iyo gupakira amavuta ya lisansi mu gutakaza ubushyuhe bwiyongereye cyane kubera igihe cya gatanu cyumwuka mwiza.
Kubura imbaraga zubushyuhe hamwe no gutemba mu kirere hamwe na gaze yumwotsi yiyongera hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwongera ubushyuhe n'ubwinshi bw'umwuka ukoreshwa. Kurugero, ubushyuhe bwimigozi butemba mu kirere mugihe cy'ubukungu no gushyushya ikirere ni 250-350 ° C, kandi iyo bahari, 120 gusa0 gusa. ubushyuhe bwingirakamaro bukoreshwa.
Gahunda yo gukandanya.
Kurundi ruhande, ubushyuhe budahagije bwibicuruzwa bisohoka birashobora gutuma imyuka yumwuka ihuza hejuru yubushyuhe, bukagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi kuri pisite yimbuto mu gihe cy'imiyoboro.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Birashoboka gukora bkoni niba atari: Byose "kuri" na "kurwanya"
Ingano yumuyaga ukoreshwa biterwa nubwoko bwumunwa nuburyo bwo gukora. Niba byiyongereye ugereranije n'agaciro keza, ibi biganisha ku binyabuzima byo hejuru muri gaze isohoka, bikaba bitwara igice cy'ubushyuhe. Iyi ni inzira yanze bikunze idashobora guhagarikwa, ariko irashobora kuzanwa kubwindangagaciro ntarengwa. Mu bukuri bugezweho, ikibuga cy'indege ntigikwiye kurenga 1.08 ku yashyinguwe no gutera inshinge zuzuye, 1.6 - Kuri Gutwika ikirere kituzuye, 1.1 - Kuri Gutwika kugaburira no kuvanga ikirere na 1.15 - kuri Birfusion Kuvanga hanze. Kugirango wongere ubushyuhe hamwe numwuka usohoka, kuboneka kw'ibiryo byongeweho mu itanura na pisine. Kugumana ikirere kigenda kurwego rwiza rugabanya Q2 kugeza byibuze.
Kugabanya agaciro ka Q2, birakenewe koza hejuru no imbere yicyayi mugihe gikwiye, ukurikize kubura ubushyuhe muri lisansi, yubahiriza gukonjesha, kubahiriza ibisabwa kumazi yakoreshejwe Muri boiler, gukurikiranira kubura ibyangiritse muri boiler na paie imiyoboro kugirango utemeke icyaha. Gukoresha ubundi bushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi mu nzira ya gaze ikoreshwa amashanyarazi. Ariko, kuzigama uhereye kumavuta meza bizaba hejuru cyane kurenza ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi.
Gutakaza ubushyuhe muri chiel ya shimi (Q3)
Ubu bwoko bwa gahunda irerekana ko gahunda yo gushyushya indwara nyinshi.
Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cyerekana imiti ituzuye ya lisansi ni iy'umubiri wa karubone (iyo ukoresheje ibihangano bikomeye) cyangwa monoxide ya karubone na metani (iyo gutwika peteroli). Igihombo gishyushye muri chimique nosta kingana nubushyuhe bushobora kwigaragaza mugihe yaka ibi bisigazwa.
Gutwika lisansi biterwa no kubura ikirere, lisansi mabi kuvanga umwuka, kugabanya ubushyuhe imbere muri boiler cyangwa mugihe cyo kuvugana na lisansi yaka hamwe nurukuta rwa boile. Ariko, kwiyongera gukabije mumibare ogisijeni yinjira ntabwo yemeza gusa gutwikwa na lisansi, ariko irashobora guhungabanya imikorere ya boiler.
Ibirimo byiza bya monoxyde ya karubone kumyanya ya itanura ku bushyuhe bwa 1400 ° C igomba kuba bitarenze 0.05% (ukurikije imyuka yumye). Hamwe nindangagaciro nkizo zo gutakaza ubushyuhe ziva kuri unyabura, zizaba 3 kugeza 7% bitewe na lisansi. Kubura ogisijeni birashobora kuzana agaciro kugeza 25%.
Ariko birakenewe kugera kuri ibyo bihe kugirango ubugari bwamavuta adahari. Nibyiza kwemeza umwuka mwiza mu itanura, komeza ubushyuhe buriho imbere muri boiler, kugera ku kuvanga neza imvange ya lisansi ifite umwuka. Imirimo myinshi yubukungu yatsinzwe mugihe ibikubiye muri dioxyde de carbone mubicuruzwa byo gutwika, kugera ku kirere, kurwego rwa 13-15% bitewe n'ubwoko bwa lisansi. Hamwe no gufata umwuka, ibikubiye muri dioxyde ya karuboni mumwotsi bisohoka birashobora kugabanuka na 3-5%, ariko igihombo kinini kiziyongera. Hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe ibikoresho byo gushyushya, gutakaza Q3 ni 0-0.5% kumukungugu karubone na 1% kubikoresho.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Bike Bike Bikora wenyine
Igihombo gishyushye kuva kubura kumubiri (Q4)
Ubu bwoko bwibihombo bubaho kuberako ibice bya peteroli bidasubirwaho bigwa mumavu mu njanga cyangwa bitwarwa nibicuruzwa byo gutwika binyuze mu muyoboro. Gutakaza ubushyuhe buva ku mubiri bishingiye ku gishushanyo cy'ibikanyi, aho hantu n'imiterere y'imva, Ingabo z'akayobowe, Leta ya lisansi.
Igihombo gikomeye kuva muri Mechanical Nearesta hamwe no gutwika lisansi ikomeye kandi birengagijwe. Muri iki gihe, umubare munini wibice bito bitagabiriwe bitwarwa numwotsi. Ibi bigaragazwa cyane cyane mugihe ukoresheje lisansi idafite ishingiro, iyo igasimbuza ibice bito nibinini bya lisansi. Gutwika buri gice kiboneka kuri InhomoReous, nkibice bito byatwitse vuba kandi byambarwa numwotsi. Mu ntera yavuyemo, ikirere kigenda, gikonjesha ibice binini. Muri icyo gihe, bitwikiriye igikoni cyo gusebanya kandi ntizishira burundu.
Gutakaza ubushyuhe muburyo bwa mashini mubisanzwe bigera kuri 1% kumukungugu shafts no kugeza 7.5% kubikoresho bya laser.
Gutakaza Ubushyuhe Binyuze mu rukuta rwa Boiler (Q5)
Ubu bwoko bwigihombo biterwa nuburyo bushingiye kuri boiler, umubyimba nubwiza bwimigozi yabike na chimney, kuboneka kwa ecran yubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, iyubakwa ry'isarura ubwaryo rifite uruhare runini ku gihombo, ndetse no kuba hari ahari hasigaye gushyushya no gushyushya amashanyarazi mu nzira yumwotsi. Ubu bushyuhe bwiyongera imbere yintangarugero mucyumba aho ibikoresho byo gushyushya bihagaze, kimwe numubare nigihe cyo gufungura itanura n'umurongo wa sisitemu. Kugabanya umubare wibihombo biterwa numutwe ukwiye wa boiler no kuboneka kwubukungu. Nibyiza kugabanuka kubutaka bwubushyuhe bigira ingaruka kumiti yubushyuhe, aho imyuka ihamye yakuwe mu kirere.
Gutakaza ubushyuhe kubera gukuraho ivu na Slag (Q6)
Ubu bwoko bwigihombo burangwa gusa kuri lisansi ikomeye mumiti no mu mukungugu. Hamwe nibituzuye bituzuye, ibice bya lisansi bituzuye bigwa mu kabari kavu, kuva aho bivanwamo gukora igice cyubushyuhe. Ibyo bihombo biterwa no kuramya kwa lisansi no gusetsa.
Ubushyuhe bwamabitsi ni ubunini bwerekana uburyo bwiza kandi bukora imitsi yawe. Ubunini bwubushyuhe bunini burashobora guhitamo ingamba zizafasha gukiza lisansi ihujwe no kongera imikorere yububiko.