Incamake
Gutangiza byizewe bya moteri yimodoka yabagenzi mugihe cyimbeho birashobora rimwe na rimwe guhindukirira ikibazo. Iki kibazo gifite akamaro cyane cyane ibikoresho bikomeye bya mu ndege byigenga byimishinga yubuhinzi, serivisi za komini yumuhanda zikoresha mubihe byabakobwa bato. Ibi ntibizabaho niba umufasha wa elegitoronike azaba hafi, ishobora gukorwa na radio ibintu bitangaje.
Igikoresho cyo gutangiriraho ubu bwoko cyakozwe hakurikijwe ibyifuzo byasobanuwe mu ngingo "yo gutangira" (I.P. Ibikoresho bya Radiyo. S.95 - 96). Ibizamini bya mbere byerekanye ko bishoboka kubyita igikoresho cyo gutangirizwa hamwe nimpapuro zizwi. Irashobora gukora gusa muburyo bwa "Itabi bworoshye", I.e. Hamwe na bateri yimodoka, bityo byaba byiza ubyitayeho igikoresho cyo kwishyuza no gutangira. Ku bushyuhe buke bwibidukikije, moteri itangiye yagombaga gukorwa mubyiciro bibiri:
- Kwishyuza bateri amasegonda 10-20;
- Kuzamurwa "gufata" kwa moteri.
Inshuro zemewe zubuzunguruka ryatangiye amasegonda 3-5, hanyuma agabanuka cyane. Niba moteri itatangiriye kugerageza kwambere, nagombaga gusubiramo byose mbere. Noneho, inshuro nyinshi. Ubu buryo ntabwo burambiranye gusa, ariko ntabwo bwifuzwa kubwimpamvu ebyiri:
biganisha ku kwishyuza umwanya wo gutangira hamwe no kwambara hejuru;
Kugabanya ubuzima bwa bateri (mu gihe cy'itumba, inzira yo gutangiriraho imodoka itwara abagenzi igera kuri 250 A. Batera ibyapa bya bateri, bitandukanya ibintu bikora, nibindi).
Kandi ingingo hano ntabwo aribwo bateri ihamirwa gusa "atari igishya cya mbere". Nkuko bizwi mubitabo (N.M. Ilin, Yu.l. Timofeev, V.YA. Igipimo cyatanzwe cyemewe ko ku bushyuhe bwa electrolyte + 25 ° C. Hamwe no kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwa electrolyte bwiyongera, buganisha ku kugabanuka mu bikoresho byo gusohoka hafi ya 1% ku rwego rwo kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe. Rero, ndetse na bateri nshya yo kwishyurwa mugihe cyimbeho itsindira cyane "Gutangira".
Urashobora kwirinda ibi bibi gusa niba imbaraga zibikoresho byo gutangiriraho bihagije kuri wenyine (utabifashijwemo na bateri) itangira ryimodoka ikonje. Ibi kandi bizana cyane cyane ubuzima bwa bateri.
Reka tugerageze, hafi, gusuzuma ibipimo byibikoresho nkibi. Nkuko bizwi kubitabo [1], mugihe cyo gutangira, akazi ka bateri:
Ir = 3 × C20, na
aho C20 ari ubushobozi bwa bateri (AMST). Voltage muburyo bwo gutangira kuri buri bateri igomba kuba munsi ya 1.75 V. Bateri 12 volt:
Ur = 6 × 1, 75 v = 10.5 v,
aho ur ari bateri ntoya ikora voltage muburyo butangiriye, V.
Kubwibyo imbaraga zitangwa muri intangiriro:
PCT = UR × IP, W.
Kurugero, niba bateri yashyizwe kumodoka yabagenzi 6 ST-60, imbaraga zitangiriro zizaba:
PCT = 10,5 · 3 x 60 = 1890 (w).
Ibidasanzwe kuri iri tegeko ni bateri 6 st-55, nicyo gitangira kirimo ni: ip = 255 a, kandi imbaraga zitangirwa zishobora kuba:
PCT = 10.5 v · 255 a = 2677.5 W.
Ukoresheje imbonerahamwe 1 amakuru, urashobora kubara imbaraga zitanga kubatangira imodoka iyo ari yo yose. Hamwe n'izo mbaraga, iyi mpera zo kuzenguruka Crankshaft ihabwa (50,50 rpm - kuri moteri za karburetor na 80-120 rpm - kuri Diesel), cyemeza ko moteri yizewe.
N / n. | Ubwoko bw'umucor | Imbaraga zapimwe, KW | Voltage yapimwe muri | Imbaga ya moteri | Ubwoko bwa batiri yishyurwa | Imbaraga zahinduwe imbaraga, KW |
imwe | St 230A, St 230b, ST20k. | 1.03. | 12 | Imodoka "Volga", BET-53, BET-66, Zil-130. | 6-60 6-75 6-75 6-90. | bane 4.5 4.5 bitanu |
2. | Ubuhanzi 221. | 1.25. | 12 | "Vaz" | 6-55 | bane |
3. | St 117A. | 1,18 | 12 | "Moskvich" | 6-55 | bane |
bane | St 222A. | 2,2 | 12 | Inzira T-16, T-25, T-30. | 2 × 60-150 | 6. |
bitanu | Ubuhanzi 142. | 7.73. | 24. | Imodoka "Kamaz", "Maz", "Kraz", "Zil-133 GI" | 2 × 60-190 | 16-20. |
6. | ST 103A-01 | 8,2 | 24. | Inzira "Kirovets", (K-700, K-701) | 2 × 60-190 | 16-20. |
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: kwishyiriraho ubwoko bwahagaritswe
Guhuza imbonerahamwe ya data No 1 no kubara hejuru, urashobora gukora imyanzuro myinshi:
- Kumodoka nyinshi zitwara abagenzi, imbaraga nyazo zitangwa kumusiganwa zirenze imbaraga zayo (pasiporo) inshuro 2-2.5 kandi ni:
1900 ≤ PCT ≤ 2700 [w];
- Kubikamyo hamwe na moteri ya karubureya, iki kimenyetso gishobora kuba kinini:
2400 ≤ PCT ≤ 3310 [W];
- Kubinyabiziga hamwe na moteri ya mazutu:
PCT = 2 · 10,5 · 570 = 11970 [w],
(Bafite bateri ebyiri 6 st - 190 zirimo urukurikirane).
Iyo kubara impinduka zo hasi yumuco, birakenewe kuzirikana igihombo kuri blefifier block, bitanga insinga, hagamijwe imibonano mpuzabitsina, hashyizweho imibonano mpuzabitsina yo guhuza hamwe nimyanzuro itangira. Nkuko uburambe bwerekanye, imbaraga zumucyo wo hasi wibikoresho byo gutangirira kumodoka yabagenzi ntibigomba kuba munsi ya rtr = 4 kw.
Urwego rwafashwe nkuko byasobanuwe muri [2], ariko ni uguhindura cyane T1. (reba Ishusho 1).
Igishushanyo.1 Gahunda yicyiciro kimwe cyo gutangira.
Mu mwanditsi, transformateur yo hasi yakozwe ku rutare ruva mu bapadiri wa moteri yatwitse isynchronous yatwitse ifite ubushobozi bwa 5. Amakuru yacyo asa nibi:
Sct = 27 cm2, sct = a × b (sct - Agace k'umuyoboro wa magnetic wambukiranya, cm2)
(reba Ishusho 2).
Igishushanyo 2 A, B Magnetic umurongo
Umubare w'imyandikire ya 1 muri voltage ikora wabazwe na formula:
T = 30 / ss
Umubare wimpinduka zumuvuduko wibanze wa transformer ni:
W1 = 220 · t = 220 · 30/27 = 244;
Umuyaga wa kabiri:
W2 = w3 = 16 · t = 16 · 30/27 = 18.
Umuyaga w'ibanze urakomerekanye na PTTV 1,12 MM, Seleyariya ni Tine ya Aluminum ifite igice cyambukiranya 36. Hindura SA1 Ubwoko bwa AE - 1031 (hamwe no gutura mu bushyuhe) kuri 25 A. Diode VD1, VD2 Ubwoko D161-250.
Amplitude ya magnetic indumic murwego rwa transformer vm = 1.7 t .. Ikirangantego kirimo indangagaciro za VM zigera kuri ixx = 3.5 a, zigabanya imikorere yo guhindurwa. Ariko, birakenewe kuzirikana ibihe bikurikira. Gukora ikigezweho mumwanya wambere wa transformater i1 mugihe cyo gutangiza birashobora kugera ku ndangagaciro 18-20 a, bituma habaho voltage mu nzogo zitangwa na 15-20 V. Ntabwo 22. na 200 V. ikoreshwa kumuvuduko wibanze wa transformer. Kugabanya agaciro ka VM kandi ntaho bihuriye nicyo gihe cyo guhindura imikorere mugihe cyo gutangira.
Kubashaka kubara kwigenga ibipimo byimurikagurisha, urashobora gukoresha tekinike yagaragaye muri [2], [3].
Inama nyinshi zo gutegura ikirego cya toroidal. Umuzitator yahuye na moteri y'amashanyarazi itangwa n'ibisigisigi by'umuyaga. Hifashishijwe chisel ityaye hamwe ninyundo zaka amenyo ya star. Ibi ntabwo bigoye gukora. Icyuma cyoroshye, ariko ugomba gukoresha ibirahuri byumutekano na mittens. Noneho uhereye ku ibyuma Ø 7-8 mm tegura imigozi ibiri ya p-imeze neza ko ari intangiriro yibanze izaba ifatanye n'ikadiri shingiro. Ku mpande zombi, imitwe igabanya umugozi munsi yimbuto za m6. Biturutse mu gitage cy'icyuma, ubunini bwa mm 3-4 n'ubugari bwa mm 18-20, yunamye p - mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo, tegura ikiganza cyo guhindura. Impaka z'isahani ya P-shusho rero zunamye kuri mugenzi we, zikura "indimi" za cm ndende 5-8, icyorezo kizaba cyometseho. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, ibyobo bya Ø MM 7 MM icukurwa mu "ndimi". Imitwe ibiri n'ibice by'ibyuma by'ikiganza bipfunyitse hamwe n'imyenda yatewe na epoxy resin kandi ikanyura imbere ya toroid: igitoki kiri hejuru ya mugenzi wawe. Intangiriro yose nayo yuzuyemo ibice bimwe cyangwa bibiri bya tissue byatewe na epoxy resin. Nyuma yo gukama epoxy resin, tangira guhindura umuyaga. Umuyaga wibanze urimo urwambere, ubukana kuzenguruka perimetero. Nyuma yo gukora umuyaga wibanze, umutego urimo umuyoboro no gupima ikigezweho, kikaba kitagomba kurenga 3.5 A. Igomba kwibukwa ko kuri Vm = 1,7 tl fatije kubara, bityo, ndetse no guhinduka gato mumibare Guhinduka bizatera impinduka zikomeye muri iki gihe cya IXX ihinduranya.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Birashoboka gutsinda fliesline wallpaper hamwe na kole kuri vinyl
Mbere yo guhinduranya kwambuka kwa kabiri mu gice cy'icyuma cy'icyuma, umwobo ucukurwa mu mwobo uri munsi ya m12, izabera isohoka hagati y'umuyaga kandi icyarimwe "icyiza". Divide yahinduwe yerekanwe mu gishushanyo yemerera gukoresha ibyuma bigize imikoreshereze yibanze ntabwo ari ibintu byo gufunga gusa, ariko nanone ubwiza bwubushyuhe bufite amacakubiri.
Imyanzuro ya Semiotock ya kabiri ifitanye isano na "nziza", impinduka zirakwirakwizwa muri perimeter yose. Iyo hashize ugukoresha inyundo yimbaho.
Ibikurikira, hamwe nubufasha bwo gusudira tegura ishingiro. Kuri iyi, inkoni yicyuma Ø 10-12 mm ikoreshwa. Kuruhande rumwe rwumutwe kuri aluminiyumu cyangwa umuringa hamwe nubunini bwa mm 3-4, gukosora diode. Hano umwobo wacukuwe munsi ya M12 bolt, zizakora igikoresho "ukuyemo". Kurundi ruhande rwikadiri, igice cyamakara kirasuye kandi switch yo muri Sa1 yometse kuri yo.
Noneho kubyerekeye insinga zihuza intangiriro yo gutangira. Uburangare ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukora ntibushobora "kugabanya" imbaraga zawe zose. Erekana kurugero runaka. Reka kurwanya rpr yinzira yose ihuza kuva inyuma kugeza kuntangiriro bizangana na: rpd = 250 hamwe na voltage igitonyanga cyo kugoreka:
UPR = ip · rpr = 250 a = 0.01 om = 2.5 v;
Gutakaza imbaraga ku nsinga:
RPR = UPR · ip = 625 W.
Nkigisubizo, voltage ntabwo ari 14 v, ariko 11.5 v, birumvikana ko itifuzwa gutangira muburyo bukora. Kubwibyo, uburebure bwinsinga zihuza zigomba kuba bike bishoboka (l ≤ 1.5 m), hamwe nigice-cyambukiranya igice, gishoboka (sp ≥ 100 mm2). Insinga zigomba kuba umuringa mwinshi muri reberi. Kugirango byoroshye, ihuriro numuco rikorwa hamwe no gukoresha imikoreshereze yimyanzuro cyangwa ikomeye ikoreshwa nka electrode iboheye munzu. Ubwoko rusange bwicyiciro kimwe cyo gutangira bwerekanwe mu gishushanyo.3.
FIG.3 Reba rusange yicyiciro kimwe cyo gutangira.
Uburyo bwashyizweho bwo kubara igikoresho cyo gutangira ni rusange kandi ikoreshwa kuri moteri yimbaraga zose. Tuzabigaragaza kurugero rwa Starter ST-222 a, ikoreshwa kuri T-16 muri T-16, T-30, Tladimir rumera.
Amakuru Yibanze Yerekeye ST-222 Antantaro:
Ravoltage Yapimwe - 12 V;
Imbaraga zapimwe - 2.2 kw;
Ubwoko bwa batiri yishyurwa - 2 × 30-150.
Noneho:
IRE = 3 · c20 = 320 a = 450 a,
Imbaraga zitangirwa zizaba:
PCT = 10.5 v · 450 a = 4725 W.
Urebye igihombo:
RP = 1-1.3 KW.
Imbaraga Zitwara Imbaraga:
RTR = PCT + RP = 6 KW.
Igice cya Cross ya magnetic pieline = 46-50 cm2. Ubucucike bwa none mu myanda busabana:
J = 3 - 5 A / MM2.
Igikorwa gito cyigihe cyo gutangira (amasegonda 5-10) yemerera gukoresha mumiyoboro imwe imwe. Kubindi byinshi abatangiye, igikoresho cyo gutangira kigomba kuba icyiciro cya gatatu. Tuzavuga kubyerekeye imiterere yimiterere yayo kurugero rwigikoresho cyo gutangiriraho kuri mazutu ya mazutu ikomeye "KIROVETS" (K-700, K-701). Intangiriro yayo St-103a-01 ifite imbaraga ziteganijwe zo ku mwanya wa 8.2 KW kuri voltage yatanzwe kuri 24 V. Imbaraga zo Gutangiza Igikoresho Cyitangiriro (Uzirikana igihombo) bizaba:
Ingingo ku ngingo: umwenda ushushanya kuva mu migano ubikore wenyine
RTR = 16 - 20 KW.
Kubara byoroshe kwicyiciro cyicyiciro cya gatatu gikorerwa hitawe nibyifuzo byashyizweho muri [3]. Niba bishoboka, urashobora gukoresha intambwe yinganda zagabanijwe-20a, ubwoko bwa Tmob-63 Guhindura Ibikoresho bitatu bya 380/220 V. ABASOKO BASAHA BWA 36 V. AKAZI AKAZI BWA 36 V. Inzu Mububiko, ubworozi bwingurube na T. Inkwazi ya Trigger kumurongo wicyiciro cya gatatu ni ibi bikurikira (reba ishusho ya 4).
Igishushanyo cya kabiri cyo gutangira kuri gahunda yicyiciro cya gatatu.
Depite ni magnetic pml-4000 Ubwoko bwa Tarner, PMA-4000, cyangwa ibisa nabyo kubikoresho byahinduye ubushobozi bwa 20. Akabuto ka Pad Sv1 ubwoko ku-121-1, Ku-122-1m, nibindi
Icyiciro cyicyiciro cya gatatu cya Alpapid gikoreshwa hano, kigufasha kubona voltage idafite ishingiro ya 3 V. Agaciro kayo gakemwa kasobanuwe no gukoresha insinga ndende (kubikoresho binini cyane uburebure bwa kabili bugera 4 m). Gukoresha icyiciro cyicyiciro cya gatatu gitanga amahirwe menshi yo kubona ibintu byifuzwa. Agaciro karyo karashobora guhinduka, harimo "inyenyeri", "Itutsi" ryahumye, koresha imyanya imwe cyangwa ibikoresho byose (lailinov) kugorora.
Mu gusoza, inama rusange rusange n'ibyifuzo:
- Gukoresha toroipmers byahinduwe kubice bimwe byo gutangira icyiciro kimwe ntabwo byanze bikunze kandi biterwa nibipimo byabo byiza cyane. Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji yo gukora kwabo ni ngombwa cyane.
- Kubara kwamamaza ibikoresho byo gutangiriraho bifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Kurugero, kubara ingano ya 1 muri voltage ikora na formula: t = 30 / sst, yasobanuwe nicyifuzo cyo "gukanda" gishoboka kubabangamira ubukungu. Ibi bifite ishingiro nigihe gito (amasegonda 5-10) kugirango ukore. Niba ibipimo bidafite uruhare rukomeye, urashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kurya ubara formula: t = 35 / ss. Igice cyambukiranya umuyoboro wa magneti kifatwa na 25-30%.
- Power bishobora "yakuyeho" mu toroidal core ariho, hafi bungana kugira imbaraga itatu cyiciro kohereza motor electrique yavuyemo core iyi igizwe. Niba imbaraga za moteri itazwi, irashobora kuba ibarwa na formula:
RDV = sust × ·
aho RDV ari imbaraga za moteri, w; Ѕst - Agace ka Dagnetic Pipeline Yambukiranya, CM2 Gushiraho = A × muri ѕk - Agace k'idirishya rya magnetic Pipeline ya magnetic, reba Ishusho 2)
Ѕok = 0,785 · D2
- Intangiriro yumurongo kumurongo wibanze ifatirwa hamwe nudutsima ebyiri. Hifashishijwe igikapu cyo kwigana, ni ngombwa kwirinda isura ya coil ifunze ya roth yafunzwe nikadiri.
- Urebye ko voltage idahwitse mugikoresho cyicyiciro cya 28 v, moteri itangira bikorwa muburyo bukurikira:
1. Huza ibikoresho byo gutangiriraho hamwe nibibazo byo gutangira.
2. Umushoferi arimo intangiriro.
3. Umufasha ukanda buto yo gutangira kuri OV1 na nyuma yimikorere ihamye ya moteri yahise irekura.
- Iyo ukoresheje igikoresho gikomeye cyo gutangira muburyo buhagaze ukurikije ibisabwa nigituba, bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro. Imiyoboro yo guhuza amatiku igomba kuba muri reberi. Kugirango wirinde kwitiranya, amatiku "meza" yifuzwa kurongora, kurugero, kaseti itukura.
- Iyo utangiye bateri, ntushobora guhagarika umutobe. Muri uru rubanza, amatiku afatanye n'imyanzuro ikwiye. Kugira ngo wirinde kwishyuza bateri, igikoresho cyo gutangira nyuma yo gutangira moteri irahagarara.
- Kugabanya amacakubiri ya magnetique, umuvuduko wa kabiri wurumuri wa transformer ni mwiza cyane guhuha uwambere kuri core, hanyuma ukomeretsa umuyaga wibanze.
Ubuvanganzo:
N.m. Ilyin, Yu.L. Timofeev, V.YA. Vanyaev. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kumodoka. M .: Ubwikorezi, 1982
I.p. Ibishuko. Radiyo amateur gahunda zingirakamaro. Igitabo cya 1, m .: Sonon 1998.
I. Nicoforov. Kubara byoroshe kumurongo wa Network. Radiyo, 2000, No 10, p. 39.
Ibikurikiranisha "Kirovets", K-701, K-700 A. Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'igitabo cy'Abigisha. M .: tractoroxport.
V. MotUzas. Electropuscat. Umukanishi yo mu cyaro, 1988, No 4, p. 23-24.