Kugeza ubu, Kevlar yahindutse ibisanzwe by'imyambaro n'ibikoresho by'abantu ubuzima bwabo buri gihe bwo mu gihe cyo gihe: Igisirikare na Silovitov, abashinzwe gutangaza, abashakashatsi n'abashakashatsi, abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro. Iyo fibre zimaze gukoreshwa ahantu hose, aho harasabwa imbaraga nyinshi, kuva mu mapine yo mu modoka no kurangirana na wacht, urugero rwabo akenshi zihora ziyongera, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora rirahoza. . Ibi bikoresho byabonetse igice cyikinyejana gishize, kandi benshi bazasa nkidasanzwe kuburyo umugore yabaye umwanditsi.
Nigute Kevlar yagaragaye?
Nigereranya ko guhangayikishwa muri fibre idasanzwe kotehanie kolk mu bwana bukundwa kudoda imyenda. Nyuma y'ishuri, yakiriye chemiste yihariye muri kaminuza ya Carnegie, ariko arota imiti. Kugira ngo ubone amafaranga yo kwiga muri kaminuza, mu 1946, mu 1946, umukobwa atangira gukora mu mpungenge zizwi cyane, kandi bidatinze mbona ko umuhamagaro we ukiri chimie. Mu 1964, itsinda rya Kolilyk ryakoraga mu kuzamura umusaruro wa Polyariamide - ibintu bya polymeric bifite imiterere imeze nk'inkongoro ishobora gusimbuza icyuma mu mapine. Kwanga uburyo bwo gushonga, Stephanie yashoboye kubona ubwoko budasanzwe bwo gukemura, iyo anyuze muyunguruzi yahindutse insanganyamatsiko ya Aramide.
Iyo fibre yavuyemo yatangiraga kugerageza imbaraga, abashakashatsi bahisemo ko ibikoresho byatakambwe - imbaraga z'ibikoresho bishya byari inshuro eshanu kurenza ibyuma.
Ibikoresho bishya byitwa Kevlar, byahawe ubucuruzi muri mitodi. Byatangiye gukoresha kugirango umusaruro wipimike, imigozi yumugozi, ibikoresho bihwanye. Muri icyo gihe, ingabo n'imbaraga zahembwaga imbaraga nyinshi za filyaramid fibre, intego yacyo yari iterambere ry'uburyo bwa buri muntu kurinda. Igitekerezo cy'intwaro z'umubiri cyagaragaye mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose (Umwanditsi wacyo yari umwanditsi Conan Doyle), ariko amasahani gakondo y'icyuma yari ingendo zikomeye kandi zisimbutse.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: impapuro lanten zirabikora wenyine. Inyandikorugero
Inzobere mu kigo cy'Ubutabera y'Abanyamerika mu myaka itari mike yakoresheje neza, aho bagaragaje ko imyigaragambyo yo ko ifu yarashe cyane muri Caliber 38 itanga Kevlar mu bice birindwi. Icyiciro cya nyuma cyibizamini byumurima byerekanaga ko imbaraga zintwaro zumubiri ziragabanuka hamwe nigihe gito kandi iyo uhuye na uv imirasire ya UV. Yasanze kandi ibicuruzwa bitangaje ko ibicuruzwa byabo bikubabaje nyuma h'ibintu byinshi, kandi ko batihanganira kwera no gukora isuku.
Ingaruka z'iterambere ryateye imbere ni intwaro za kevy zifite ipfunwe rya tissue idafite amazi, zitanga uburinzi ku rutonde rushinzwe gushimangirwa mu mazi n'izuba . Byongeye kandi, kevlar ya kevlar, gants, inkweto ibiro, nibindi byatangiye gukoresha nkuburyo bwo kurinda kugiti cye.
Imitungo ya fibre ya amid
Usibye imbaraga nyinshi, Kevlar ifite ibindi bintu byinshi byihariye, aribyo:
- Iyo uhamagaye numuriro nubushyuhe bwinshi, iyi fibre ntabwo ishya, ntukanywa itabi kandi ntushonje;
- Kevlar ntabwo ari uburozi kandi ntabwo iturika;
- Ubushyuhe bwo mu mubare wacyo ni dogere 430;
- Imbaraga za fibre zikiri zitangiye kugabanuka buhoro buhoro mugihe ukize dogere zirenga 150;
- Iyo ubukonje, Kevlar iba ikomeye cyane, irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwakogeni (kugeza kuri -200);
- Ibi bikoresho ni insulator y'amashanyarazi.
Byongeye kandi, imyenda ya kevranzwe irangwa noroshye, hygroscopique nubushobozi bwo guhanahana ikirere, kandi ni byiza cyane iyo bikoreshejwe. Nibyo, ibi ntibikurikizwa kumyenda yagenewe gukora mubikorwa byo gukora nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kugirango wongere kurwanya ubushyuhe, Kevlar yuzuyeho aluminium. Ibikoresho biva muri fibre byizewe biregwa imirasire ikomeye yubushyuhe, guhura na HElts Ashyushye kuri dogere 500, kimwe no kumenagura ibyuma bishyushye.
Igomba kandi kongerwaho ko ibi bikoresho byoroshye - metero imwe yimyenda ipima 30-60 g, kandi nubwo idashoboka (kuva $ 30 kuri metero kare) neza ibyo amafaranga akoresheje. Bamwe bahendutse ni ibikoresho birinda gushimangirwa na kevlar insanganyamatsiko, zibaha ibyuma byo guturika no kubigeraho Aburamu. Imyenda nkiyi ikoreshwa mugushiramo inshinge mu gukora no gufatanwaar, gants, kimwe no kwambara. Kwita kubicuruzwa biva muri bo ni byoroshye. Ntibagomba:
- Akenshi woza;
- isuku ya chimique reagents;
- guhura nizuba.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Ubusitani bukora-ubwawe ibikoresho birwaye hamwe namafoto yibitekerezo
Ari hevrard yakoreshejwe?
Iyi fibre nyinshi ibona imikoreshereze itandukanye - kuva indege nubwato hamwe na siporo nimyenda yubukerarugendo. Kevlar iza ku isoko muburyo bwugari, umugozi, umwenda, kimwe nibigize ibikoresho byateganijwe kandi bivanze . Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukoresha ni:
- Umusaruro w'amapito ashimangirwa;
- Gukora umuringa na fibre optique;
- sisitemu ya hydrotechnical na gaze yinganda zumuvuduko mwinshi;
- Indege n'ikoranabuhanga;
- kubaka ubwato;
- prostatike n'ibicuruzwa by'amagufwa;
- uburyo bwo kurengera ingabo kugiti cye, inzego zingufu, abantu bakora mubihe bikabije;
- Imyenda y'ibikorwa n'ibikoresho.
Nta gushidikanya, mugihe cya vuba turashobora kwitega ko iterambere ryibi bikoresho byiza hamwe nibishoboka byo gukoresha.