Ingazi ebyiri zigorofa: Igishushanyo mbonera, kubara no kwishyiriraho

Kongera umubare wibibanza byo gutura mumazu yo mugihugu biterwa nibikorwa byo mu igorofa rya kabiri, muricyo gihe kidakenewe kugira ngo hatabayeho ingazi zatoranijwe neza. Vuba aha, icyitegererezo cyimyaka ibiri yubwoko butandukanye nibipimo bigenda birushaho gukundwa, akenshi bikoreshwa mukubaka akazu mu bikorera.

Iki kintu cyimbere ntabwo gikora neza kuva mucyumba kimwe kijya mubindi, ariko ni imitako myiza yicyumba, icyumba cyo kuriramo cyangwa salle yinjira. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba igikwiye kuba ingazi nziza-nziza, kandi aho biterwa no guhitamo imwe cyangwa ikindi gishushanyo.

Ibiranga Kubaka

Ingazi ebyiri hamwe nurubuga rwashyizweho kugirango utsinde intera iri hagati yinyama zambere nisegonda. Ikintu cyihariye cyinyubako ni ukubaho kw'ibice bitandukanye, ibyo bita sisitemu yintambwe yahujwe nintambwe imwe (izi mbuga zasobanuwe neza. Ibicuruzwa ni bibiri bigenda bifitanye isano nu mbuga imwe itambitse.

Ikintu nyamukuru gigize igishushanyo ni urubuga rwa horizontal. Igikorwa cye ni ugutandukanya urwego rwamagorofa ya mbere na kabiri, nawo akina umwanya wikintu gifasha. Kugenera umugambi w'ubuntu bigufasha kuzana ibintu bigezweho mu gishushanyo cy'imbere, shyira ibikoresho byiza cyangwa imitako nziza.

Icyemezo nk'iki gikwiye mugihe cyo gutegura iyubakwa ryinzu yigihugu cyangwa mugihe cyo gutegura inzu yinzego ebyiri. Hanze, igishushanyo gisa na stilish kandi gitanga icyumba cyumvikana.

Ingazi ebyiri zigorofa zirashobora kuba hamwe nurubuga hamwe nintambwe zirenga. Birakwiye ko tumenya inguni nziza yo guterura, nuburebure bwintambwe ukurikije amahitamo gakondo.

Plus nibibi byintambwe ebyiri

Kimwe nikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kubaka, ingazi ziminsi ebyiri zifite ibyiza nibibi byo gukoresha. Niba ugereranya iki gishushanyo gifite moderi igenda yitaruye, bafite ibyiza byinshi.

Ku nyungu z'ubu bwoko bw'igishushanyo, impuguke zirimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ingazi ebyiri hamwe nurubuga rwinzibacyuho ikiza umwanya wubusa, ufite akamaro cyane cyane mubyumba bito. Ibi biterwa nibishoboka byo guhindura ingendo kubintu bitandukanye (inguni igororotse ikoreshwa cyane).

• Kubera inguni zitandukanye zikirere cyimodoka, ahantu hahanamye birashobora kugabanuka. Rero, kwimuka hagati yigorofa bizaba byiza cyane kandi bifite umutekano. Turasaba kwanga imiryango ifite abana bato.

• Igishushanyo kigizwe nintambwe ebyiri, zishobora guhuriza hamwe icyerekezo gitandukanye no kumurimo ubereye (ukurikije ibiranga ibibanza nibisabwa umutekano).

Ibibi byintambwe yiminsi ibiri mumagorofa ya kabiri birashobora kuba inkuba zitari zo mukora urwego, kimwe nigiciro kinini ugereranije nuburyo buke. Ariko, ntugomba kwibagirwa ikintu cyingenzi nkibishoboka byo gukora ingazi yiminsi ibiri n'amaboko yabo (ukurikije umushinga kugiti cye). Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa byarangiye bizahuza n'ibyifuzo by'abaturage bose.

Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo munzu yigihugu niba udashaka kubika umwanya, bitabaye ibyo, uzarushaho gukwiriye moderi yakubise ibiti, ibyuma nibindi bikoresho.

Gushushanya umutekano

Intambwe iyo ari yo yose igomba kuba ifite umutekano kandi byoroshye gukora. Kugirango ubigereho, birakenewe kubahiriza ibisabwa byibanze byo gukora inzego nkizo, gukora kubara uzi gusoma no kwandika ubunini bwibintu byose. Hamwe no kwiyerekana kwigenga kuntambwe, tutitaye ku bwoko bwayo, birakenewe kuyoborwa n'ibipimo ngenderwaho no guswera.

Ingingo ku Nkoma: Ikantaro no guteka: Ubwoko bw'ingenzi, bukora no kwishyiriraho (+86 amafoto)

Urwego rw'umutekano

Ukoresheje umushinga w'intambwe hamwe n'ikibuga cyo gukiniraho, ntukibagirwe kumarana ubuziranenge kandi ukaba uboneka kubona intambwe z'ubuntu (bigomba gushyirwa mu rugendo.

Birakwiye kwitondera uburyo bwubumwe - Ibicuruzwa byarangiye bigomba guhuzwa hamwe nigishushanyo nubutaka bwa gamut yinzuki. Ntigomba gufata umwanya munini no kugoreka ibiranga ingamba zo murwego rwombi.

Ibikoresho byo gukora

Mu myaka mike ishize, guhitamo amasaha abiri-yimisatsi y'amasaha abiri yagarukiraga kubicuruzwa byakozwe nicyitegererezo kimwe. Kugeza ubu, ntakibazo cyo guhitamo ibikoresho, urashobora gukora ikadiri amaboko yawe cyangwa ukoreshe serivisi zinzobere.

Kugirango ukore ku ngazi, ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byubaka birakwiriye:

• Amoko atandukanye. Ubu buryo bwa kera bukenewe kubera ikiguzi gito, koroshya no kwishyiriraho no kwiyemera. Kubwubatsi bwintambwe yibiti, pinusi ntibikwiye kubera ubwitonzi bwayo.

• Icyuma. Ubu ni ubwoko bwiza bwuzuye kandi burambye. Ibicuruzwa by'ibyuma bifite ubuzima bwamadozi bwimyaka myinshi, ntabwo byahinduwe (nka aluminium) kandi ntabwo ari okiside (nkumuringa nibindi byuma).

• Intambwe yikirahure no gusiganwa. Ihitamo ryinshi kuruta ingazi yindorerwamo hagati yicyumba cyo kuraramo, biragoye gutekereza. Ariko, igisubizo nkiki kandi gifite ibitagenda neza: Ikirahure ntigihanganira imitwaro mibi ya mashini, ndetse no gupfukama byangiza byihuse kandi bisaba kwitabwaho byumwimerere kandi bisaba kwitabwaho.

• Ibuye risanzwe. Intambwe zakozwe muri marble reba umwimerere cyane kandi bitewe n'imiterere yihariye, igihe kirekire, kugumana isura yumwimerere ntambara. Ibuye naryo ntirinyerera kandi riroroshye kubungabunga.

Ihitamo ryimari ni gukora kuntambwe yo hagati-yimbaho. Kumwenga intambwe zisabwa gukoresha ibikoresho bikozwe nicyuma, noneho igishushanyo kizakorera umuryango wawe imyaka irenga icumi.

Niba turimo kuvuga gusana bikomeye inzu yinzu ebyiri zakozwe muburyo bugezweho bwa tekinoroji yubuhanga, turasaba ko witondera ingazi ziva mu kirahure. Igomba gutoranya haba kurakara cyangwa gusohoza). Ariko witondere mugihe utunganijwe hanyuma ugerageze kugabanya umubare wibintu byo gushushanya kurubuga kugirango ugabanye imitwaro yimikorere.

Ikintu cyose cyintambwe, kwishyiriraho ibintu byose byashushanyije bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amategeko yumutekano kubipimo bya kera. Kubijyanye nibipimo bidasanzwe, gufungura urubuga nibyiza gushinga abanyamwuga, nubwo bizagutwara bihenze.

Kubara umubare usabwa wibikoresho ushobora kuba hamwe nabarabara badasanzwe kumurongo. Ibi bizagufasha kuzigama amafaranga nigihe mugice cya mbere cyakazi.

Nigute ushobora gukora ingazi hamwe nikibuga [amabwiriza]

Kubaka ingazi yimbaho ​​hamwe nintoki ebyiri ntibisaba ubumenyi bwihariye nubumenyi bwihariye mu rwego rwo kubaka. Niba ubishaka, ndetse na Databuja utangira azashobora gusohoza akazi nkako.

Ikintu nyamukuru nukureba byimazeyo uburyo bwo kubara no guhindura:

1. Ukurikije SNIP (paragarafu ya 2.08.01-85), umubare wintambwe kugirango ugenda umwe utagomba kurenza cumi n'umunani. Aya mafaranga yagabanijwemo ingazi ebyiri, bikaviramo igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nurubuga rwagati (ubugari bwacyo ku kigereranyo ni santimetero 80).

2. Ibikurikira, uzakenera intambwe zubunini busanzwe, zirashobora kugurwa mububiko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kubaka, kimwe nibice byinyongera, nka gari ya moshi cyangwa izamuka ryibicura.

3. Umaze kwiyemeza hamwe nibipimo byibanze byibice byose, birakenewe gukora umushinga wuzuye, wita aho hantu hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya projection cyangwa muburebure.

Ingingo ku ngingo: Nigute wamenya inguni yo kwifuza ingazi zo mu rugendo [sisitemu yo kubara]

Kwishura

Urashobora kubara umubare wintambwe igorofa ya kabiri hamwe na formula yoroshye: Tandukanya uburebure bwintambwe kuburebure bwibyago - niba umubare wimibare ubonetse, hanyuma uzenguruke ibisubizo muri byinshi. Nkuko imyitozo yerekana ubugari bwiza bwintambwe ziva kuri santimetero 25 kugeza kuri 40, bitewe nubunini bushimishije. Urugero rwo kubara rugaragazwa hepfo. Iteganyagihe rya Euro 2020 https://bcgoverla.if.ua/category/sta-Uuro-Na-Euro-2020/.

Hamwe nigikorwa cyakurikiyeho cyintambwe, ingingo zikurikira zubu bwoko zigomba kubahirizwa kugirango wirinde ibibazo mugice cyo kwishyiriraho:

• Ubugari ntarengwa bwibicuruzwa byarangiye bigomba kuba byibuze santimetero 80 (birashoboka gutandukana kuruhande runini na santimetero 20-30, uzirikana ibipimo byicyumba).

• Iyo ushizeho ingaya yimbaho ​​hamwe nurubuga rwagati, tubara intera (bizatwara igishushanyo) utambitse. Niba umushinga ufashe kuboneka, noneho kubara biragoye.

• Kosur na Umurezi bashingwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa byashyizweho.

• Nyuma yo guhamya cyangwa gutakangurwa birangiye, bagomba gufatwa nimpapuro zororoka kandi bafite umutekano.

• Ku cyiciro cya nyuma cyakazi, gushiraho intambwe zirakorwa, kimwe nigice cya Balasine hamwe na gari ya gari yashizweho kumiterere yimiterere. Abanyacyubahiro benshi bahawe gushushanya neza cyangwa gucika intege (kugirango ubashe gutanga igishushanyo mbonera wifuza).

Niba urwego rwashizwe kumurongo wambere ruherereye ku butumburuke bwa mm 2700 uvuye hasi, kandi ubunini bw'ukuri hagati ya Flomes ni mm 300, ubwo burebure rwose bw'ingazi buzaba mm 3000.

Umushinga usanzwe wo gufungura 3000x2700 mm

Kuri videwo: Inzira yoroshye yo kubara ingazi.

Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

Kora ingazi n'amaboko yawe byoroshye ku giti, igiti kibereye nk'abakomeye kandi bahanganye na Aburamu. Kuramba cyane nabyo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye na bech cyangwa Landch. Pine irakoreshwa cyane mukubaka intambwe cyangwa ingazi zimeze neza imiterere ya kera kubera yoroheje na plastike yibiti.

Guhitamo ibikoresho, gerageza kubara ibintu byose byashushanyije mbere yinkwi. Kugirango ukore urwego rwibibuga bibiri hamwe nurubuga rwagati, uzakenera:

• Intambwe - ibice 20;
• Risers - ibice 22;
• Recsa cyangwa koosors - ibice 4;
• Balasiyani - umwe ku ntambwe;
• Amaboko;
• Inguni, ahindurwa ukuboko;
• inkunga y'inkingi;
• Ikibaho cyo kubaka urubuga rwa horizontal.

Ubwanyuma, uburebure rusange bwintoki bugomba kuba bungana nuburebure bwintoki ebyiri. Niba uteganya gukora ukuboko kurukuta, noneho ibipimo byayo birakubye kabiri. Ntiwibagirwe kandi gutera intambwe yintambwe yoroshye n'umutekano wabatuye.

Usibye ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru (Igishushanyo mbonera), urashobora gukenera ibyuma bitandukanye, kole yubwubatsi, ipfundo ryiyongera kuri yo. Kugirango uterane neza ingazi, kora icyitegererezo hakiri kare kugirango intambwe kumutungo. Mubihe byinshi, inyandikorugero zisanzwe zikoreshwa kuri ibi, zitangwa muburyo bwo kubona.

Ubwoko bwibishushanyo

Ingazi zo kugenda zigabanijwemo ibice bibiri: igororotse kandi swivel. Iya mbere irakwiriye rwose kubibanza byagutse, kuko bifite inyubako yoroshye, ariko fata umwanya munini. Kuzenguruka cyane, hanze, birasa na moderi yakunzwe. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza mubyumba bito. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bigizwe nintambwe ebyiri zintambwe 3-15 hamwe nurubuga rwamagana. Niba hari intambwe zirenga 15, kuzamuka ntibishobora kwitwa umutekano kandi byoroshye.

Na none, swivel na ingazi zigororotse birashobora kugira uburyo butandukanye. Rero, ubwoko bukurikira bwo gushushanya butandukanye:

• Fungura. Intambwe ntizigira ibyago, lumens iguma hagati.

Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: ibintu biranga igishushanyo mbonera cyigishushanyo (gufunga no kwishyiriraho umurezi)

• Gufunga. Irimo abatumva, kongera umutekano wimuka, ariko bigabanya ubugari bwinkoni no gushiraho ingaruka zo kwiyongera kwinshi muri Werurwe.

Hano hari umubare munini winshi ugenda kugenda. Mu cyerekezo cyo kugenda, birashobora kuba byiza (fungura isaha), ibumoso (isaha yo kugana 1). Mugihe uhisemo igishushanyo runaka, birakwiye ko tubigaragaza ibiranga ahantu hamwe no kuboneka kwubusa mucyumba.

Wibuke ko munsi yinguni yo kuzunguruka, niko hantu hantu hazajyana ingazi nibindi byoroshye kuzenguruka.

Inguni yo kuzunguruka

Ukurikije inguni yo kwifuza urugendo, ubwoko bukurikira bwintambwe zitandukanijwe:

• Ingazi hamwe na dogere 90. Yitwa kandi m-shusho haba l-. Ibyo moderi isa nkiyigaragara mubibanza byagutse, kandi biratandukanye muburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo kwishyiriraho.

• Ingazi hamwe na etatisiyo ya dogere 180. Cyangwa p-ishimwe hamwe nurubuga rwagati. Nibyiza biherereye hagati, bizemerera gukoresha iki kintu cyimbere kugirango ikirere kibe.

Kuri videwo: Amakosa yo gushushanya urwego munzu yimbaho.

Kwishyiriraho

Gukora ku ngazi igenda ni inzira ndende kandi ikaze. Ugereranije, gutegura ibikoresho, gutegura umushinga no gushyiraho imiterere bisiga ibyumweru bibiri. Abamwubatsi b'inararibonye barasaba gutangira iyubakwa ku ngazi ku cyiciro cyo kubaka inzu y'igihugu. Urashobora rero kuganza umwanya wacyo, nikibazo gikomeye cyo gukora mucyumba kirangiye.

Amabwiriza yo guterana no kwishyiriraho amabwiriza yoroshye ingazi zoroshye:

1. Niba uhisemo gukoresha koso, noneho biraturuka kuri bo kandi birakwiye gutangira kwishyiriraho ingazi. Nukuri uryamye hejuru kandi ukore ikimenyetso hamwe na kare, hanyuma ukate (amenyo "hamwe na bison.

2. Igice kimwe cyikadiri kijyanye nurukuta ukoresheje inanga ya anchor, naho icya kabiri gihujwe ninyandiko idasanzwe yashyizwe hasi. Ahantu n'intambwe byashyizwe kuri boosters - kuri iyi square isanzwe ikoreshwa. Ikibuga cyashyizwe hagati yabadamu barangije.

3. Egera ku nkombe z'intambwe harimo ahantu hateguwe balasins n'inkingi zifasha bizashyirwaho. Ibyokurya byakozwe, hanyuma byuzuyemo kole (muriyi mwobo ubunini bwa dummy yinjijwe).

4. Mu base ya balusin n'inkingi, mu myobo kwandikirana baremwe, bikaba kandi yuzuye kore, nyuma iryo ibishigikizo kuko handrail mu Abatewe ku byambu mu ntambwe. Ku ntangiriro no kumpera yintambwe, birakenewe gukoresha nini cyane kugirango ukore ishingiro rikomeye.

5. Intambwe yanyuma iraboroga kure. Uhereye kuruhande, ibi bintu bishonga mubyo ducuruzaga, hanyuma biterwa kuri Balasins hamwe ninkingi zerekana. Igenzuwe nibintu byose mubijyanye nurwego kandi, niba nta nenge, yongeyeho ko bashishojwe ku ntoki zifite imigozi yoroshye.

Ingarange kuva kumurongo ibiri zirashobora kugira imiterere itandukanye. Guhitamo kimwe cyangwa ikindi gishushanyo, ni ngombwa kwiga ibiranga kwishyiriraho mbere. Ntiwibagirwe ubumwe bwimiterere yicyumba - Ibicuruzwa byarangiye ntibigomba gukubitwa inyuma. Ihitamo ryiza ni uguhitamo ibiti munsi yibintu byinkuta, kimwe no gutandukanya aho hantu kugirango ukire ingazi ku cyiciro cyo gusana.

Nubahiriza amategeko yose ninama, nkigisubizo, uzagira ihuriro ryuzuye ryibifatika, umutekano nubwiza. Kandi ntugomba gukoresha amafaranga mugutumiza ingazi yimbaho ​​mumasosiyete adasanzwe.

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