Mansard ni icyumba cyateganijwe gishobora gukoreshwa nkabatuye. Igisenge gikurura kigomba kwemeza imikorere isanzwe yicyumba. Mugihe cyo kubaka igisenge, igishushanyo mbonera gikunze gukoreshwa, kandi intambwe hagati yigisenge cyatiti nicyo kimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana kwizerwa.
Ubwoko bwa sisitemu ya rafter.
Imitwaro nini iterwa nuburemere bwinzu, umuyaga, ibintu byikirere bifatwa na sisitemu yinyuguti. Intera iri hagati yinzu yinzu yubwoko bwamavuta igena igice cyumutwaro kuri buri kintu. Gusa guhitamo neza intera bizatuma habaho igisenge cyose.
Mansard: Sisitemu Ibiranga
Abahamye bitwa ibiti bitwara bikingira, byongeyeho kandi byo hanze byigisenge gifatanye.
Mubisanzwe mubisanzwe bikozwe muburyo bwabaga ibiti biramba cyangwa icupa bifite ubunini byibuze mm 50. Rimwe na rimwe, ibiti birashobora gukoreshwa. Ku nyubako garamba cyane, ibyuma kandi bishimangira ibiti bifatika bikoreshwa.
Ku gisenge cya atike, kimwe mu bice bibiri bya sisitemu ya rafter (impinduka mu cyangwa guhagarikwa) ikoreshwa, ndetse no guhuza amahitamo yombi mu gishushanyo kimwe. Ubwoko bwingirakamaro burangwa no gushyigikira buri kimwe muri rusange kurukuta rwimiterere. Ubwoko bwo guhagarika bisobanura guhuza ibintu mumurongo rusange ukosorwa gusa ku nkunga ikabije.
Gahunda ya sisitemu ya tombola yigisenge cyamenetse cya giti.
Nubuhe bwoko bwa sisitemu ya rafter ikoreshwa, ibisenge byititi bigabanijwe muburyo bukurikira: Uruhande rumwe, Duplex, Kumeneka, Ikibuno, Ihema Mubwubatsi bwigenga, igisenge kimwe, cyamenetse cyangwa cyamenetse gifite ubushobozi bukabije. Mu gisenge cyinshi, rafter ishingiye ku nkuta z'uburebure butandukanye, itanga impinga (skate) y'inzu mu cyerekezo kimwe. Igisenge cya Gutertal gifite indege ebyiri zishushanyije, buri kimwe mu bipimo, impera imwe yishingikiriza ku rukuta, kandi iherezo rya kabiri rihujwe nindi beam. Igishushanyo nkiki cyerekana inyabutatu, kandi inguni hagati yibintu igena imbaraga za skate. Igisenge cyamenetse nacyo gifite skate ebyiri, ariko buriwese afite umurongo ucamo aho inguni yo kuryama irahinduka.
Ibiranga montage
Mugihe ushyiraho sisitemu ya rafter, igisenge cyibiti bikoresha gufunga no kwishyiriraho ibyanganiye muburyo bwa geometrike yoroshye. Gukomera cyane (kuramba) bifitanye isano na mpandeshatu, bikoreshwa mukubaka igisenge giti. Rero, igisenge gikunze kugaragara kirimo imihanda itari mike yo kuroga, ihujwe na Longlitudinal lags (ikora). Guhuza lifter muri mpandeshatu itanga igitambaro cyo hasi (mauerlat). Kugira ngo byorohereze gufunga igisenge cyo hanze no gusohora uburemere bwacyo kuri Rafters, lattice ikorwa muburyo bw'itubari cyangwa imbaho.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: intebe zo mu gasozi
Igisenge cyamenetse gihuza ubwoko bubiri bwimikono ya rafal. Rafters yo hepfo ukoresheje Maurolat hamwe nigituba bifitanye isano na mpandeshatu zurukiramende, nacyo, zifunzwe na gahunda ndende ya mugenzi wawe. Hasi ya Rafter yimodoka yiruhukira kurukuta rwinzu. Hejuru irahujwe na mpandeshatu na genalogiya hamwe nigishushanyo cya barsal.
Igishushanyo 1. Imbonerahamwe yinyuma yigice kuri rafters.
Impera yo hepfo ya rafter ikosowe kuri lag ya transvers, hanyuma impera yo hejuru ihujwe hamwe binyuze murwego rwo hejuru. Inguni yo hepfo ya mpandeshatu ihujwe hamwe no gukoresha hasi ya miremire. Sisitemu yakozwe no kumanika abataha byashizweho kuri sisitemu yo hepfo ya rafter. Ibindi byiyongera bikoreshwa mugushimangira inyabutatu yo hejuru. Rero, igisenge cyatiti kiri kuri buri ruhande hejuru yikiruhuko. Kuva kurukuta rutangirana na gatona cyane, hanyuma rureba isura yoroheje.
Ihuza ryibiti bya rafte hamwe nutubari twinshi (harimo nigiti cyigisenge) cyakozwe nuburyo bwa slingel mukabari kuri kimwe cya gatatu cyuburebure bwa gatatu. Gukosora ibitaramo bya transsers nibyiza kubyara umurongo. Hamwe no gufunga, imirimo ya sisitemu ebyiri zitandukanye zitandukanye ziratandukanye, kandi zibarwa nka sisitemu zitandukanye.
Ibipimo byashyizwemo mugihe uhisemo Rafters
Mugihe uhisemo igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu ya rafter, ingano yibiti hamwe numubare wibintu ni ngombwa kugirango ubaze imitwaro yose igira ingaruka kuri rafyled. Iyi mitwaro irashobora kugabanywamo kandi yigihe gito, burigihe cyangwa igihe gito. Munsi yumutwaro uhoraho, uburemere bwibintu byose byo mu gisenge kigomba gufatwa: kubaka gukomeye hamwe na grille ubwayo, igisenge cyo hanze, gitwikiriye hanze, ibintu byo kwizirika kuri atike. Uburemere bwigisenge cyo hanze birashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko no mu bikoresho byo ku nkota.
Igishushanyo cyuburebure bwuburebure bwa lafter kuva kuruhande rwumutima winzu.
Nkumutwaro wigihe gito cyangwa ibihe, ibintu bisanzwe bigomba kwitabwaho. Iyi ni, mbere ya byose, uburemere bwa shelegi mu gihe cy'itumba. Ingaruka zikomeye numuyaga, kandi icyerekezo cyumutwaro nkuwo gishobora kuba gitandukanye. Ku turere tumwe na tumwe, iki kintu gishobora guhinduka. Ntibishoboka kwirengagiza amahirwe yo guhungabanya amazi atemba. Byongeye kandi, birakenewe kuzirikana uburemere bwabantu nibikoresho mugihe ukora imirimo yo gusana hejuru yinzu.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: umutwaro kuri logigi na balkoni
Geometrie yinzu hamwe na sisitemu ya rafter ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumakwirakwiza. Ibipimo by'ibanze birashobora guterwa n'uburebure n'ubugari bw'inzu, kimwe na stade ya skate. Uburebure bwinzu bugira ingaruka zikomeye kugabura kwishoramari, bityo rero nuburebure burebure burakenewe gukoresha rack zishimangira. Kwiyongera mubugari bwinzu biganisha ku bwiyongere bwumutwaro kuri sticle yose, kubera ko uburebure bwazo nuburemere bwibintu byose byiyongera. Kubisenge byinshi, ubwoko bwacitse burakwiriye kubera ukubaho kwamatafari hagati hamwe no gusohora imizigo hagati ya sisitemu yihuse.
Impinduka mumurage ya skate igira ingaruka kubipimo bidasobanutse. Ubwiyongere bworoshye, ku ruhande rumwe, bugabanya kwegeranya urubura no kugabura umutwaro ku nkike zitwaje inkuta zo kwitwa inkuta z'inzu, kurundi ruhande, uburebure bw'inzuri bwiyongera, bukaba ari akaga mu muyaga ahantu. Kwibanda ku rukuta ku rukuta birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka mbi ku kwiringirwa kw'inzu, kuko bigabanuka mu mizigo kuri RAFYL, buri gihe imitwaro yo ku rukuta ariyongera.
Ibisabwa kubikoresho bya sisitemu ya rafter
Umugereka wapfukamye kuri Mauerlat.
Kubara umubare wa rafters hamwe nibipimo byo kwishyiriraho bishingiye kubanya ibikoresho byiza byujuje ubuziranenge. Muri iyi sano, ibikoresho bigomba gutoranywa kuri sisitemu ya solo, ukurikije imiterere ikurikira.
Nkibintu nyamukuru, gusa igihe cyo hejuru cyibura byibuze mm 50x100 bigomba gukoreshwa.
Ibintu byose byimbaho mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho bigomba gukata neza (ibikubiyemo byemewe ntabwo birenze 15%). Umubare winshinga ntoya kumubari ntushobora kurenza ibice 3 kuri m 1 m. Igiti mbere yo kwishyiriraho cyatunganijwe na antiseptic. Byerekanye neza ibiti byamabuye ashimangira. Ibice bihagaritse bikozwe mu kabari bifite ingano byibuze 100x100 hamwe na cheque yuburinganire bwabo bakoresheje amazi.
Ibiranga kubara kwa rafal
Nyuma yo guhitamo igishushanyo cyigisenge cyati (gishingiye kubisabwa inzoga kandi ukurikije amakuru yibanze), ibipimo nyamukuru byo kubara ni intera iri hagati ya rafters (intambwe ya rafter) numubare wabo. Mubisanzwe, intera iri hagati yabacuruzi kuva 0,6 kugeza 1.5. Ibibara bishingiye ku kuba umutwaro wa Optimal ugomba kuba 40-60 kg kuri metero 1-60 kuva mu burebure.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Imyenda y'Icyongereza abikora wenyine: Amahitamo abiri (Amafoto)
Ibikoresho byo kurenga metero zijimye.
Umubare wa rafters kuringaniza ubarwa nyuma yo gupima uburebure bwa skate hanyuma uhitemo intera iri hagati ya rafters. Uburebure bwa Skate bugabanijwe nintambwe yo gushiraho, 1 (igice) yongewe kubisubizo. Ibisubizo byabonetse bizengurutse umusamba wegereye kuruhande runini.
Kubara intera iri hagati ya rafter, uzirikana ibintu byose, birashobora kubyara inzobere, ariko mubikorwa, koresha umurongo ngenderwaho. Kurugero, kuri rafters kuva mu kibaho cya 50x180 mm hamwe nuburebure bwa metero 3 m impuzandengo ni 1,5; hamwe n'uburebure bwa m 3,5 - 1.2 m; N'uburebure bwa 4 m - 0.9 m.
Intera iri hagati ya rafyles kubisenge bitandukanye
Intera iri hagati ya Rafter iratandukanye cyane nibisenge hamwe nimbaraga zitandukanye. Ceramic tile nimwe mubikoresho bikabije byo gusakara. Kuri rafters kuva kumurongo wa 50x150x180 mm mubunini, intera isabwa hagati yabo ni mm 80-130 mm (ukurikije) uhereye kumurongo wa skate. Hamwe n'umusozi wa 15 °, intambwe yatoranijwe ingana na cm 80. Hamwe no kwiyongera k'uburebure bwa chefted, intambwe iriyongereye mu mbibi z'abasangwa.Intera iri hagati yimyenda hejuru yinzu hamwe nipine y'icyuma ishyirwa kuri nto kuruta amabati. Intambwe Nziza ni cm 60-95 ya cm ya mm ya 50x150. Iyo ukoresheje ipfundo ryamagorofa, intambwe iri murwego rwa cm 60-90 ifite igice cyambukiranya gihagije cyumurongo kuva 50x100 mm kugeza kuri 50x150 mm.
Guhinduka byoroshye kuboneka mugihe ukoresheje ondulun. Intera Nziza hagati ya 50x50 mm 5-80 cm kandi igabanuka iyo umurongo munini washizwemo. Mugihe ushikamye igisenge cyibiti byibishushanyo bikoreshwa na mpfizi yintama hamwe nubunini bwa mm 50x100 kuri 50x150 mm. Intambwe yashyizwe murwego rwa cm 60-80.
Ibikoresho bisabwa
Mugihe ushyiraho RAFters kuruhande rwati, ibikoresho bikurikira birakoreshwa:
- Bulugariya;
- imyitozo;
- Hacsaw;
- yabonye;
- ishoka;
- chisel;
- inyundo;
- indege.
Mugihe ushyiraho sisitemu yo kongerera hejuru yinzu yititi ni ngombwa kumenya intera yagaciro hagati yintama. Guhitamo neza iyi parameter bizagufasha kubara ibintu byiza kandi byemeza ko wize hejuru yinzu yose.