Munguva yekuvakwa kweimba yake, imwe yeiyo pfungwa huru mukuvakwa kwemadziro. Kuiswa kwezvinhu zvinotakura kazhinji kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa zvidhinha, asi chii chinofanira kunge chiri ubvu hwemadziro ezvidhinha mune ino nyaya? Uye zvakare, madziro ari mumba haangove vatakuri chete, asi achiri kuita zvikamu uye kutarisana - chii chinofanira kunge chiri chinhu chemubati wedutu mune aya zviitiko? Nezveizvi, ini ndichataura muchinyorwa chanhasi.
Chii chinonzi madziro emadziro anokonzeresa?
Mubvunzo uyu wakakodzera kwazvo kuvanhu vese vanovaka yavo imba yezvidhinha uye vanongonzwisisa ma aces ekuvaka. Pakutanga kutarisa, madziro ezvidhinha chiitiko chakareruka, chine upamhi, hwakafara uye huchi. Iyo madziro mutoro wekufarira kwatiri inonyanya kunongedzwa munzvimbo yayo yekupedzisira yakazara. Ndizvozvo, iye wakakura uye pamusoro pamadziro, iyo yakakora inofanira kunge iri.
Asi, kupi ukobvu hwemadziro ezvidhinha? - iwe unobvunza. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti mukuvaka, zvakawanda zvakasungirirwa pasimba rezvinyorwa. Zvidhinha, sekune zvimwe zvekuvakisa, zvine gohwo, izvo zvinodaidzira simba rayo. Zvakare, kutakura masonry kunoenderana nekugadzikana kwayo. Iyo yatove pamusoro ichave iri inotakura nzvimbo, iyo kunyange inosungirwa kuve, kunyanya hwaro.
Imwe paramende inokanganisa iyo yakazara kurodha kwemusoro ndeye iyo inopisa inonakidza yezvinyorwa. Iyo yakajairika yakazara-chiyero block inodanana zvakanyanya zvakakwirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iye, pachayo, yakaipa yekudzivirira. Naizvozvo, kuti ubude strongisized thermal decructor zviratidzo, kuvaka imba chete kubva kunze kweiyo silirate kana chero mamwe madziro, madziro anofanira kunge akakora.
Asi, kuitira kuti uwedzere mari uye chengetedza pfungwa dzakajairika, vanhu vakaramba kuvaka dzimba dzinoyeuka yeiyo bunker. Kuti uve nemakororo ekutakura zvinogara uye panguva imwe chete yakanaka yekuuraya, iyo nhamba yehuwandu yakatanga kunyorera. Iko imwe denderedzwa iri silirate masonry, kurira zvakaringana, kutsungirira mitoro yese iyo, iyo yechipiri layer ndeyezvinyorwa zvekudziya, uye chetatu chinoputika icho chidhina chinogonawo kuita.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa kubva pamuti pasi pekare maoko avo
Kusarudza zvidhinha
Zvichienderana nekuti uko ukobvu hwemadziro ekutakura hwezvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kunge zviri, zvinodikanwa kusarudza imwe mhando yezvinyorwa zvine mimwe madhiri akasiyana uye kunyange chimiro. Saka, maererano nechimiro, ivo vanogona kukamurwa kuita zvizere-zviyero uye maburi. Zvishandiso zvenguva yakazara zvine simba rakakura, mutengo, uye unovimbika.
Kuvaka zvinhu zvine marara mukati memukati memaburi hazvisi zvekuremerwa, kune mutengo mudiki, asi kugona kwekupinza mudenga mugomba rakakwira. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuvapo kwemapepa emhepo mazviri.
Zvidimbu zve chero mhando dzezvinyorwa zviri pasi pekufunga zvinogona zvakare kusiyana. Anogona:
- Single;
- Hafu;
- Kaviri;
- Hafu.
Imwe block, iri kuvaka zvinhu, saizi dzakaenzana, dzakadai dzatinoshandiswa kwaari. Masaga ayo ari seanotevera: 250x120x65 mm.
Imwe-awa kana yakajairwa - ine yakakura kurodha, uye saizi yayo inoita kunge iyi: 250x120x88 mm. Double - zvichiteerana, ine chikamu chemaviri miviri block 250x120x138 mm.
Hafu mucheche pakati paanodaidzana naye, anayo, sezvamunenge atofungidzira, hafu yakakura yeiyo - 250x120 x12 mm.
Sezvatinogona kuona, iwo chete misiyano iri mumasimbe yezvinyorwa zvekuvaka izvi mukobvu dzayo, uye kureba uye upamhi hwakaenzana.
Zvichienderana neicho chichava chiyero chezvidhinha zvezvidhinha, zvakakodzera zvehupfumi, sarudza hombe kana kumisa nzvimbo dzakakura, semuenzaniso, pane kazhinji dzinotakura nzvimbo uye zvidiki zvidiki zvezvikamu.
Kukudza Wall
Isu tatofunga nezve parameter pane iyo ukobvu hwemadziro ekunze ezvidhinha zvichienderana. Sezvatinoyeuka, kugadzikana, simba, rerulation insulation zvivakwa. Mukuwedzera, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvivakwa dzinofanirwa kuve neyakajairwa zvakakwana.
Iyo inotakura nzvimbo, kutaura idi, inotsigira chivakwa chose, ivo vanotora mutoro wepamusoro, kubva kuhuremu hwese, kusanganisira huremu hwedenga, zvinhu zvekunze, zvakadai semhepo zvinokanganiswa nehuremu hwavo . Naizvozvo, kuremerwa kwavo, kana zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzechisimba chisinganzwisisike uye zvikwangwani zvemukati, zvinofanirwa kunge zviri zvepamusoro.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: madziro mural nemotokari pamadziro
Muzvinhu zvazvino, zvakawanda zveimba mbiri uye nhatu-dzimba dzakaringana kusvika pamasero makumi maviri neshanu, kazhinji kashoma kana hafu yekmari kana masons Zvese zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaoma pano.
Kuti uverenge kuti utsigire kuve kwekutsigira zvichave zvakaringana kureva zviyero zvekuna nzizi II-22-8. Ngativerengere kuti imba yedu yezvidhinha ichavhiringidza, nemadziro ane gobvu ye250 mm, mashanu metres kureba uye 2.5 metres yakakwira. Kune masonry isu tichashandisa iyo m50 yezvinyorwa, pane m509 mhinduro, isu tichaverenga kune imwe yekutakura nzvimbo, isina windows. Saka, enda.
Nhamba yeTafura 26.
Sekureva kweiyo data kubva patafura iri pamusoro, tinoziva kuti hunhu hwehutongi hwedu hunoreva nezveboka rekutanga, pamwe nerondedzero yacho kubva kuClause 7. Tab. 26. Mushure meizvozvo, isu tinotarisa patafura 28 uye tinowana kukosha kwe β, zvinoreva kuti inobvumidzwa huwandu hwemutoro wemadziro kusvika pakukwirira kwayo, kupihwa, mhando yemhinduro inoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso wedu, kukosha uku ndeye 22.
Matafura nhamba 28-29.
Tevere, isu tinofanirwa kutsvaga iyo k coefficient kubva patafura 29.
- K1 yeChikamu chemuchinjiko chemasonry yedu ndeye 1.2 (K1 = 1,2).
- K2 = √an / AB kupi:
Iyo inzvimbo yemuchinjiko-chikamu chevatakuri yemutakuri kumusoro, kuverenga kuri nyore 0.25 * 5 = 1,25 mativi metres. M.
AB - Iyo nharaunda yeChikamu cherusvingo zvakatwasuka, ndakapihwa hwindo rakavhurika, saka tiri kushaikwa, saka, 1 = 125
- Iko kukosha kwe k4 inotsanangurwa, uye kukwirira kwe2,5 m ndeye 0.9.
Iye zvino achidzidza, zvese zvinoshanduka zvinogona kuwanikwa coecfficent "K", nekuwanza tsika dzese. K = 1.2 *25 * 0.9 = 1.35 inotevera, isu tinodzidza kukosha kwekurongedza kwemari yekugadzirisa ndeye 1.35 * 22 = 29.7, uye inobvumirwa chiyero chekureba kusvika 2,2: 0.25 = 10, iyo yakaderera zvishoma pane iyo inokonzeresa chiratidzo 29.7. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuiswa kwehubvu kwe25 cm nehupamhi hwe5 m uye 25 metres kureba kwakasimba kanenge katatu kupfuura izvo zvinodikanwa pamatanho ekumira.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Maitiro ekugadzira hammock nemaoko ako ari kumba?
Zvakanaka nenzvimbo dzekutsigira dzinofungidzirwa, uye nezvei nezvipengenika uye nevaya vasingatakura mutoro. Zvikamu zvacho, zvinokurudzirwa kutora hafu yekobvu - 12 cm. Zvemasendimita zvisingatakura mitoro, iyo yakasarudzika mafomula yatati takurukura pamusoro apa zvakanaka. Asi kubva kumusoro, rusvingo rwakadai haruna kugadziriswa, iyo chiyero che β coefficien inofanira kuderedzwa neyechitatu, uye enderera kuwerengera pamwe neimwe kukosha.
Masonry muPellipich, zvidhinha, imwe nehafu, zvidhinha zviviri
Mukupedzisa, ngatitarisei kuti zvinoitwa nemiti inoitwa sei zvichienderana nekuroora kwemukati. Masonry mu polkirpich, iyo yakanyanya nyore kupfuura zvese, sezvo pasina chikonzero chekuita kupfeka kwakaoma kwematanho. Zvakwana, isa yekutanga nhevedzano yezvinyorwa, pachigadziko chakanyatsonaka chigadziko uye chivimbe kuti mhinduro yacho yakatonyora, uye haina kupfuura gumi mm mune ukobvu.
Chimiro chikuru cheMasonope-mhando Chikamu chine chikamu chemuchinjiko che25 cm ndiko kuitwa kwekupfeka kwepamusoro-soro kwesamuzi zvisingafanire kuenderana. Neiyi sarudzo, masonry yakakosha kubva pakutanga kuti apedze iyo yakasarudzwa system, iyo ine maviri, imwe-mutsara uye yakawanda-mutsara. Ivo vakasiyana munzira yekupfeka uye kurongedza maburi.
Kuisa muhukuru uye zvidhinha zvehafu zvakavakwa zvichienderana nehurongwa hwakadai: mumutsara wekutanga, zvidhinha zvakaiswa perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kubva mukati - uye chimwe chinhu - chinotapudza. Mutsara unotevera wakaiswa, zvimwe chete, asi watove kunze kune chikamu chechipupomeri, uye mukati mechidzitiro.
Iyo nzira yekuisa mumakwenzi maviri yakafanana nemasonry mune chimwe chidhina, mutsauko ndewekuti iyo yakatwasuka chikamu chemuchinjiko chinowedzera kubva pamakumi maviri neshanu kusvika 500 - 520 mm kana said said saizi.
Vhidhiyo "Zvidhinha Madziro"
Vhidhiyo pakuvakwa kwedzimba dzezvidhinha uchishandisa dzakasiyana siyana masonry masisitimu. Maitiro ekudziyai kuiswa, uye ndezvipi zvakanakira zvezvinhu izvi.