Kuvimbika kwehwaro kuda kuve nezvinhu zvisina kusarudzika. Uye imwe yeakavimbika uye inofungidzirwa ibhandi. Asi iyo monolithic belt nheyo yakavakirwa kureba: asi paungano yemashizha emabhodhi kubva pamazuva matatu, uye kuchiri kuita zvakarukwa, ipapo kongiri uye kumirira mazuva mashoma kusvikira awana hafu yesimba. Zvinotora angangoita vhiki mbiri kana nhatu. Zvakanaka, kana paine nguva yakadaro, uye kana isiri iyo? Pane nzira yekubuda nayo: vanhu vakangwara vakauya nechikamu chebasa rekutamisa kune bhizinesi - kune concrete blocks - fbs. Pane izvi, nheyo dzinotora, iyo inonzi - bhendi bhendi. Iro nheyo kubva pamitsara iri nyore kuzviita iwe pachako.
Paunenge uchishandisa tekinoroji yakadaro, hwaro hunounganidzwa kubva kune yakasimbiswa kongiri yematanho emhando dzakasiyana uye saizi. Naizvozvo, zvinowanzodaidzwa kuti block kana timu. Zvese izvi ndizvo zvakafanana mhando.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakashata
Iyo inonyanya kukosha pamwe neyekuunganidza belt nheyo kubva kuFBS idiki sosi yenguva iyo inofanirwa kugadzirwa kwayo. Gungano racho rinotora mazuva mashoma.
Iko kushamisika kukuru: Hazvisi monolitiki, saka zvinokwanisika kuzviisa kwese kwete nguva dzose. Kazhinji pane mababhokisi akagadzirirwa kubva pamabhandi paakaoma, asingade kuti ave ivhu. Pasi pemamwe mamiriro, kuverenga kunodiwa, uye zvirinani - nyanzvi.
Chishandiso Block Foundation
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nheyo dzakasarudzika dzinofanirwa kuve nekuchenesa hydrozing uye instured. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uite kupaza kwakarwa kwakarwa. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro anodiwa ekushanda kwavo kwakajairika.
Kana isu tichienzanisa iyo ribhoni monolitiki uye block hwaro, ipapo mufananidzo wakadaro unozivikanwa:
- Monolithic yakavakwa kwenguva refu, vharira - nekukurumidza.
- Iyo monolithic ribbon inogona kuitwa pasina kurenda zvishandiso zvakakosha (kunyangwe zvakaoma kuita pasina kurongeka kwekongiri). Kuunganidza hwaro kubva pamakumbo nemaoko avo, iwe uchazoda kurenda crane, kana angangoita winch.
- Kana iwe ukaita monolitiki nhumbi iwe pachako, inodhura yakachipa kupfuura block. Kana vashandi vevashandi kana basa rakasimba, richadhura, panzvimbo peizvozvo, zvakanyanya, huwandu hwebasa hwakawanda, uye izvi zvinowedzera mari yakawanda.
- Monolith inonyanya kusimba kupfuura timu yenyika. Simba rinenge 20-30% kumusoro. Izvi zvinobvumidza kushandisa monolitiki ribbon pane loam neivhu.
Mune zvakawanda, iyo monolitiki tepi inokunda. Asi kana simba raro uye rivemerere rikasazove mukuda, saka kugadzirwa kwayo kunongoda kurasikirwa pasina pasina. Kana maconds ekushanda, izvi zvakare kutambisa mari. Nekuti ivhu rine rakajairika kutakura, uye pasi pemvura pasi pevhu haisi pedyo nemamita maviri kubva pakudzika kwekudzika kwehwaro, zvine musoro kuisa imba renyika.
Foundation Blocks: Mhando, zviyero, chiratidzo
Mukuvakidzana kwekuvanzika, marudzi akati wandei emabhuru anoiswa. Zve mudziyo weTape Preemium Nheyo Dzakawanda Kuwanzoshandisa Mhando mbiri chete:
- FBS ndiyo yunivhesiti yunivhesiti. Kuvakwa kwakasimba. Kana ivo vachitaura nezvebhokisi rakadaro rezvivharira, zvinotaurwa, zvakasimbiswa kongiri (nekusimbisa) chinhu chisina tsovheni. Izvi zvidimbu zvidhinha zvehukuru hwakasiyana, kuve nekukwira zvishwe pamberi pechiso chepamusoro. Dzimwe nguva padivi pemativi, nzira dzakasarudzika dzinoumbwa, dzinovara nemhinduro. Yemabhuru aya, iyo reruwa ribbon rakapetwa.
- FL - Pillow Blocks. Uve nerudzi rwe trapezium. Gara pane ivhu rakagadzirwa uye rinoshanda kuti uwedzere kugona kwehwaro.
Mhando dzeMavara emabhawa anozodiwa kuunganidzwa kweBelt Foundation
Paunenge uchiverengedza nheyo yebhandi, zvinodikanwa kupa madhiri ekuradzika uye kupfupisa engineering masisitimu: mvura yekupa, masoja, magetsi, kupisa. Iwe haufanire kukanganwa nezve ventilation system uye siya maburi pasi pechigadzirwa kuti ubvise nzvimbo yepasi pevhu kana yepasi. Kune izvi, zvidhinha zvine chiteshi chekuisa kutaurirana zvinogona kubatsira: FBB.
Zvidimbu uye mhando dzemabhuru zvinodzorwa nekukwira 13579-78. Kune yakavanzika yekuvandudza, saizi uye hunhu hwekushanda hwakakosha. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza chikamu cheyero umo mhando uye block saizi yakatemwa.
Kuratidzwa kubva kuGODS, kuyanana saizi yemavhesi ezvinyorwa
Kucherekedza maererano neGOT
Kuita kuti zvive nyore kufamba-famba chiratidzo, mumazita emabhuruku akaenzana ane ruzivo nezvehukuru hwavo uye mhando.
Hurukuro dzekutanga. Inotevera - nhamba ichitsanangura geometry mu dechimeter;.
- kutanga - kureba (9, 12,24);
- Yechipiri (kuburikidza ne dash kana point) yakafara (3,4,5,6);
- Yetatu - kureba (3.6);
Kucherekedza kweConcrete Nheyo Blocks
Kana paine chero urefu uye hupamhi, iyo FBS kukwirira kunowanzoita 580 mm (mugwaro "6"). Gadzira zvidhinha nekureba kwe80 mm inogona kuve pasi pehurongwa.
Tevere, mushure mevhupamhi manhamba mharidzo yealfabheti yemhando yekongiri:
- T inorema (simende-jecha musanganiswa nemarara). Iyo yakaoma kwazvo density unit. Iyi mhando inoshandiswa mukuvakwa kwenheyo.
- P - porous with aggregate ye ceramzitobetone. Iva nehuremu hushoma, asiwo hushoma simba, zvakare zvimwe hygroscopic.
- C - kubva silate concrete (basic binder - lime). Rudzi urwu rwemabhuruku anotya kunyorova, nekuti haina kushandiswa mukuvakwa kwenheyo.
Semuenzaniso, FBS 24.4.6 -T is decrypted: rectangular block yerudzi rwakanyanya rusununguko rwakachengetedzwa kongiri. Kureba 2380 mm, upamhi 400 mm, kukwirira 580 mm. Ne fananidzo, iwe unogona kutsanangura mamwe maitiro.
Saizi yeFBS inovhara zvichienderana nekutenda
Kuisa FBB inovhara
Iko kusarudzwa kweBlock upamhi kuri nekuda kwekukora kwemadziro ari pamusoro apa. Kureba kwemabhuruku anosarudzwa kuti vagowana, kana zvichikwanisika, tepi yese. Asi kunyange vavaki vane ruzivo mukusarudzwa kwemabhuruku vane mhosva: Dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kuzadzika dzakasara, umo zvinhu zvidiki zvisina madiki hazvizove (izvo zvinonzi zvakanaka). Aya masayiti anowanzove ari padyo nezvidhina pane simende dhaka. Kana masonry akasara kuti asave asina kuenzana, saka zviri nyore: Zvichave zviri nyore kushandisa kushandisa mvura uye insulation.
Kazhinji, kuunganidza bhandi renji rine mitsara yakati wandei emabhuru. Kuwanda kwavo huwandu kunoenderana nekureba kunodiwa kwetambo. Kazhinji kazhinji yaiswa pasi pevhu revhu. Zvakare akafunga nezvekureba kwakakodzera kweiyo base.
Mudziyo block hwaro. Paunenge uchiisa mabhuru-mapiro, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoramba dzisina chinhu. Ivo vanochengetwa mushure mekuiswa
Paunenge uchiisa zvidhinha zvemhando yepamusoro yemhando ipi neipi, mutemo mumwechete unoshandiswa sepazvo kana zvidhina zviri kuiswa: "seams haifanire kuwirirana. Nezvizvi, ivo vanoiswa zvekuti seam yetambo yerumapururu inofukidza blop block mumutsara wakatevera. Izvo zvipindiripiti (vertical seams) pakati pekumira padivi pezvinhu zvakazadzwa nemwenje-sandy mhinduro.
Kuti upe magadzirirwo esimba rakakura uye kune ligament of ese anovhara mune imwe system, fittings yakachinjika pamusoro pegwenga rimwe nerimwe. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwevhu uye uremu hwechivako, kirasi yetsvimbo a-i - a-iii inoshandiswa. Huwandu hwetsvimbo dzakatemerwa nekugadzirwa kana uchigadzira, dzinogona kubva pamashanu kusvika mashanu kusvika mashanu. Paunenge uchirovera uye kubatanidza bara, zvese mitemo yekusimbiswa kweiyo ribbon nheyo dzinoenderana nekusungwa kwemakona, kupusa kunoitika muchirongwa chimwe chete. Musiyano chete ndewekuti bhandi rekusimbisa ndeimwe. Pamusoro pebhandi rekusimbisa, iyo layer yemhinduro yakamiswa, pariri, nekumisikidzwa kweeams, iyo inotevera zvidhinha zvemabhuruku akaiswa.
Kuti uwane hwaro kubva pamakumbo nemaoko avo, zvinosimbiswa
Mukuteerera nemirairo iyi, iyo Ungano yeBelt Belt ichave ichishungurudzwa uye yakavimbika.
Isu tichavaka hwaro kubva pamitsara nemaoko ako
Iyo tekinoroji yekuvaka nheyo yenyika, kunyanya panguva yekugadzirira, haina kunyanya kusiyana nemamwe marudzi: kutanga kuchera banga. Musiyano wacho mune zvidiki zvebasa zvekugadzira zvechigadzirwa che tepi pachayo uye ndechekuti hazvidikanwe kuita fomu.
Kugadzirira kweiyo base pasi peBlock Foadation Standard:
- Iyo yakaorera nzvimbo yepasi inobviswa, inotumirwa kunze kana kuchengetwa pane saiti.
- Tevere kunouya marpap. Kana imba yepasi yakapihwa mumba, perimeter inoiswa kana basment isiri - iyo tepi yakaiswa. Kucherekedza kunoitwa uchishandisa pegs netambo. Iyo tepi inopembererwa kumativi ese maviri, ichiratidza upamhi hwemadziro.
- Inotevera ibasa renyika. Ivhu rakabviswa kune iyo yakarongwa chikamu.
- Pasi pegomba kana tangi rakabatanidzwa uye trin-tram.
Kana kuunganidza zvidhinha, usakanganwa kusiya maburi emabhajini masisitimu: Kupwanya hwaro hakubvumirwi
- Iyo jecha yejecha kana rubble iri kurara uye yakatsanangurwa uchishandisa Vibroplites. Manual temping haazokupi chisimbiso chinodiwa. Naizvozvo, zviri nani kushandisa mahwendefa ekushungurudza. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana ivhu revhu risina kukwirira zvakanyanya. Uku kushanda kwakareruka, sejecha rakapetwa-gravel benchmark, rinozvitendera kukurudzira zvakanyanya.
- Maviri zvikamu zvekushandiswa kwemvura zvakamiswa pane yakadzvanywa base.
- Yakaiswa Foundation Block-Pilows Fl. Ivo vakarangwa zvakanyatsonaka. Tarisa uone kurongeka kwekuiswa kweiyo nzvimbo yekuvaka kana chikamu. Mapopoma pakati pavo anozadzwa nemisasa-sandy mhinduro.
- Kusimbiswa kwacho kunosvitswa, pamusoro pekugadzirisa chikamu cheinenge 2-3 cm.
- FBS Mabhokisi akaiswa neSeam Kuendesa. Hapana junction inofanira kuenderana. Iko kushoma kwekudzingwa ndeye 0.4 kureba kweiyo block kuratidzwa. Kana iyo FBS iri kushandisa nekureba kwe580 mm, ipapo offset inofanira kunge inodarika 240 mm.
- Kana paine imwe mutsara wemabhuruku, armopoyas yakagadzirwazve uye mhinduro pairi.
- Iwo mabhuru kuratidzira zvakare nekukasirwa kweeams.
Huwandu hwemitsara hunoenderana nekukwirira kwakakodzera kwechigadziko uye kudzika kwekudzika kwebhibhoni. Kuita mitemo yekuisa mabhuruku nekumanikidzwa kwekunyangadza. Chete kuunganidza hwaro kubva pamakumbo nemaoko ako pachako, iwe uchawana hwaro hwakavimbika hwechimiro chose.
Maitiro ekuisa fus
Mune chero mutsara, kuturika kunotanga nemakona. Ipapo madonhwe anoratidzwa munzvimbo dzekubviswa kwemurume. Ivo vanonzi Beaucon, uye pamusoro pavo vakaenzana nevamwe vese. Iyo vertiity yekuratidzira kwavo inotariswa, kururamisa kunoitwa kana zvichidikanwa. Kazhinji kazhinji, block inofanira kumutswa zvakare, fambisa uye kuisa munzvimbo.
Mushure mekunge zvinhu zveBeacon zvinoratidzwa, zvinyoronyoro zvakatambanudzwa - tambo dzavari kutungamirwa kana kuisirwa mabhuru anotevera. Vanoona miganhu yemadziro, uye kuti fibmetendery yakamira pakati peiyo fl block (block-pillow). Maximum anobvumidzwa kutsauka - 12 mm. Zvese zvinotevera mitsara yemabhuruku zvakare yakaiswa kuti aratidze kunyatsoita pamusoro nepakati.
Paunenge uchiisa zvidhinha, zvakafanira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vanokwana imwe pamusoro peimwe kunze kwekunyora kukuru
Tambo dzakanyanya nyore kutambanudza mu 2-3 mm kubva kune nzvimbo yemativi emwenje yemabhuruku. Izvo zvichave nyore kuratidzira. Mitemo yepakati pezvidhinha inoratidzwa kubva kune yakakura: yekutanga isa zvese nehurefu hwe2,4 metres, ipapo 1.2 uyezve 0.9. Iko kururamisa kwekuiswa kwavo kunoedzwa kuedzwa kune tambo dzekuratidza, dzakatwasuka - plumb.
Maitiro ekusarudza saizi yeFBB inovhara
Sarudza kuti mangani makuvhi aunoda iwe kune hwaro, unogona kusarudzwa. Iwe unogona kuzviita wega wega pachiyero chakadhonzwa pachiyero. Pane chirongwa chauri kutumira chivharo chimwe nechimwe pachiyero chimwe chete.
Sarudza saizi yemabhuruku kune iyo nheyo kubva kufudzi, zvichibva pane iyo iri nyore kutonga: kuwedzera simba rekugadzira, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa iyo yakakura block block block. Naizvozvo, tanga wana mabhuru emamita 2.4 akaiswa mumakona, kana akaiswa, azvipiwazve munzvimbo dzekufambira mberi. Pakati pavo, zvakare, isa zvidiki zvidiki zvinokonzeresa ipapo. Kwavasina kuzova, isa saizi diki. Kana dzimwe nguva dzasara umo kunyange iyo diki block block (0.9 metres) haina kuiswa, haina kukwana - aya mapundu akazadzwa nezvidhinha zvezvidhinha.
Marudzi maviri ezvinyorwa zvekutanga betations kubva kuFBS - ne pilo uye isina (yakanaka-kubereka tepi)
Nenzira imwecheteyo, dhirowa yechipiri, kusakanganwa nezvekutamiswa kweeams. Kana zvichidikanwa, nenzira imwecheteyo tora yechitatu. Ipapo iwe unofunga nezve nhamba inodiwa yemabhuru ehukuru hwese. Urongwa hunokonzeresa harisire kuregedza: Ichakubatsira iwe kana uchiisa iyo nheyo yenyika yatove pane saiti.
FBS Maurry Solution
Kuti uise pasi pemabhuruku, chigaro cheSandy-Sandy M-100 Brand inoshandiswa. Inogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa yakasiyana yeUterine simende uye huwandu hwejecha:
- Pane imwe chete chikamu cheiyo coment m300 tora zvikamu zviviri zvejecha;
- Pane 1 chikamu cheSIMEMEN M400 jecha atove zvikamu zvitatu;
- Paunenge uchishandisa iyo SAND M500, 4 zvikamu zvakazara.
Kutanga sanganisa zvidimbu zvakaoma usati wagamuchira homogeneous manhau uye ruvara. Zvadaro 0.5 zvikamu zvemvura zvinowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana mhinduro yacho ichiwanikwa yakakora, mvura zvishoma nezvishoma ichishungurudzika muzvikamu zvidiki. Kuenderana kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana nekirimu yakasviba kirimu: kwete bundu, asi kwete kuyerera.
Usaedze kuwedzera huwandu hwesimendi. Izvi hazvizowedzere kungowedzera simba rekongiri, sezvaunotarisira, uye zvichaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kuti uise iyo nhare yekongiri, inodikanwa kune iyo yakasarudzika inotsanangurwa huwandu hweiyo filler (mune ino nyaya yejecha) nemvura. Nekushaikwa kweizvozvo / kana zvimwe, simba rayo richave rakaderera. Muchiitiko chakaipisisa, achapwanya uye achadonha.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: maketeni ekupa nemaoko avo - sarudzo dzakareruka