Kudzika kwehwaro kukosha kunoenderana nerudzi rwechivako kana chimiro, nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze, ivhu panzvimbo uye huwandu hwechiitiko chemvura. Ukuru uhwu hunokanganisawo dhizaini yeiyo chivakwa (ne kana isina basement), iyo nheyo yekushandiswa kwayo (ine kana isina kupisa), pasi uye uremu.
Kana tikazvitaura, iri kukosha kuchazoda kuviga hwaro kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsigirwa kutsigirwa kwekuvaka. Iwo marudzi maviri:
- zvakadzika midzi;
- Kushamisika kudiki kana kusaziva.
Mhando dzeBelt nheyo dzakadzika dzevhu blowjob
Zvinoenderana nezvinoita zvekuvaka kuitira kuti urambe mauto echitema, iyo yega inofanira kuiswa pa15-20 cm pazasi pechibereko chevhu revhu. Kana chimiro ichi chazadziswa, hwaro hunonzi "rakadzika madhiri" kana "bvisa".
Nekudzika kwehurombo, anopfuura mamusasa maviri anotakura maErama ane huwandu hwakakura kwazvo, kushandiswa kwemidziyo zvakare kwakakura uye mutengo wakakwira kwazvo. Mune ino kesi, mamwe marudzi enheyo anofungidzirwa kuti - murwi kana murwi uye wehuni, pamwe nekufamba uchienda pamusoro peiyo yekuzvidzivirira. Asi izvi zvinokwanisika muhuve hwehuvhu hwakajairwa neyakajairwa kugona, kusungirwa kwekunzwa kwechigadziko uye nheyo, pamwe nechishandiso chevhu rakapfava. Mune ino kesi, kudzika kwekusimbisa kunoderera pane dzimwe nguva uye kazhinji kuri kushoma pane mita.
Dzimwe nguva hwaro hunodururwa pamusoro pacho. Iyi sarudzo yekuchengetera imba, uye ingangoita yehuni. Iye chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anogona kudzoreredza kusarura.
Kutsvaga Kwekutanga
Usati waronga kumba, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza kuti ndeipi nzvimbo iyo iwe yaunoda kuisa imba. Kana kutsvakwa kwesimba kwatovepo, funga nezvemhedzisiro yavo: saka matambudziko mashoma nehwaro, ine mutengo wakaderera, inodiwa kusarudza iyo "chikamu chakaoma": uko pasi pevhu rakaderera sezvinobvira.
Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza pane saiti kumba
Tevere, nzvimbo yakasarudzwa inoitwa zvidzidzo zve geology yevhu. Kune izvi, shuwa dzakaomeswa kusvika pakudzika kwemamita gumi kusvika makumi mana: zvinoenderana nechimiro chekuumbwa uye huwandu hwakarongwa hwechivako. Matsime anogadzira kanokwana mashanu: mune idzo pfungwa ipo pamakona nepakati zvakarongwa.
Iyo avhareji mutengo wekudzidza kwakadaro ingangoita madhora mazana mashanu. Kana iko kuvakwa kwakarongwa kwakakura-chiyero, huwandu harizokanganisa zvakanyanya bhajeti (iyo avhareji mutengo weimba ndeye 80-100 Zviuru zvemadhora), uye kuzviponesa kubva kumatambudziko mazhinji. Saka mune ino kesi, kuraira chidzidzo kubva kune nyanzvi. Kana iwe uchida kuisa chivakwa chidiki - imba diki, imba diki, yekugezera, gezebo kana nzvimbo yekutamba ine Mangalom, ipapo zvinokwanisika kuti utsvage zvako.
Isu tinoongorora geology neako maoko
Kuti utarise chimiro chevhu, chakashongedzerwa nefoshoro. Mune ese mashanu mapoinzi - pamakona echivako cheramangwana uye pakati - uchafanirwa kuchera zvakadzika makomba. Saizi: Meter paMetres, kudzika - kanokwana 2,5 m. Masvingo anoita kuti utsike (kanenge kakawanda). Ini ndachera gomba rangu, tinotora roulette uye pepa, kuyera uye kunyora zviyero.
Kuti uongorore ivhu pasi pefiramu iwe pachako, iwe uchafanirwa kuchera kunge hurfs kusvika pakudzora kweanenge 2,5 metres.
Chii chinogona kuoneka muchinyorwa:
- Kubva kumusoro kune yakasviba layer - yakaorera. Ukobvu kwaro kubva pagumi cm kusvika 1.5 metres, dzimwe nguva zvimwe. Dare iri rinobviswa. Kutanga, yakasununguka, yechipiri, pane mhuka dzakasiyana / zvipembenene / mabhakitiriya / fungi. Naizvozvo, pakarepo mushure mekutanga marongero ekutanga, danda iri rakabviswa.
- Pazasi ndiro ivhu rechisikigo. Saka aifanira "kugadzirisa" mhuka uye microorganisms. Panogona kunge paine ivhu rakadaro;
- Jecha rakasimba (rakakura, pakati, rine gravel). Nheyo yakanakisa yekuvaka imba: uye mvura inokurumidza uye chigadziko chakavimbika. Pamazano akadai, iwe unogona kuisa imba pane chidiki-chibhakera kwehupfumi (kudzika kwesimbe kubva pamakumi mashanu cm).
- Bullk sands (diki neguruva). Kana pasi pevhu rakavapo, zvinogoneka. Asi idzi ivhu zvine njodzi mukuti ivo vari kuyangarara kana vakazara nemvura.
- Ivhu, Loam, soup. Isu tinozvibata senge jecha reguruva: Kana ma Wets ari kuyangarara kana paine mvura shoma, asi kugona kwavo kwakakwira. Pano iwe uchiri kufanira kutarisa huwandu hwekusvinwa kweiyo wregion.
- Zvidhori. Nheyo dzisina kuvimbika kwazvo. Ivo vanogona chete kuve vakavakirwa pakushandiswa kweiyo columnar nheyo. Uyezve, kana isina kunyatsogadzira ivhu revhu zvine simba rakanaka rekubereka.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uone kuti ndeupi rudzi rwevhu mune rimwe nerimwe dura
Kazhinji zvinonetsa zvinomuka kana uchiedza kusiyanisa ivhu rakapfava. Dzimwe nguva zvakaringana kutarisa kwavari: Kana jecha rakundwa uye pane ivhu splashes - pamberi pako. Kana ivhu rakundwa, asi kune jecha - iri loam. Zvakanaka, ivhu harina chero mafambiro, anochera zvakaoma.
Pane imwe nzira iyo ichakubatsira iwe kuve nechokwadi chekuti imarii iwe wakatsunga ivhu. Kuti uite izvi, roller rolls kubva muvhu rakanyorova (pakati pemichindwe, pakarepo mune kindergarten) uye iva muhomwe. Kana zvese zvakanyanyisa - ino ipurasitiki yepurasitiki loam, kana yakawira pasi - plastiki loam, kana yakazara yasara.
Kufunga nezvako ivhu rauri pamusangano wakasarudzwa, unogona kutanga kusarudza mhando yehwaro.
Iko kudzika kwehwaro kunoenderana nedanho remvura yepasi
Zvese zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinotsanangurwa mukunzwa 2.02.01-83 *. Kazhinji, zvese zvinogona kuderedzwa kune zvinotevera kurudziro:
- Paunenge uchironga padombo, sandy yakakura uye yepakati saizi, guva, yakakura-graft ine sandy aggregate, iyo kudzika kweiyo huwandu kubva padanho remvura haitsamiri.
- Kana pasi pechingwa chepasi pevhu chidiki kana guruva, ipapo kumamita emvura iri pasi pemamita maviri pazasi pevhu inovhuvhuta mwero, kudzika kwehwindo kunogona kuva chero. Kana mvura iri pamusoro pemaka iyi, inodikanwa kuti uise nheyo pasi pemwero wekusununguka.
- Kana ivhu, Loam, huswa hombe-huswa neguruva kana ivhu filer ari pasi pega, ipapo hwaro hunofanirwa kuve hwakaderera pane huwandu hwekusunungura (hazvibve padanho remvura).
Tafura ine Yakadzika Yakadzika Yenheyo, zvichienderana nerudzi rwevhu uye nzvimbo yepasi pevhu (kuwedzera saizi yemufananidzo, kurudyi-tinya pairi)
Sezvauri kuona, nheyo dzenheyo dzenheyo dzenheyo dzakatemerwa nekuvapo kwenzvimbo yepasi uye kuti ivhu rakawanda sei mudunhu riri kuiswa. Icho chinonetsa chando chinokonzera matambudziko ane nheyo (kana kuchinja huwandu hwemagariro emvura).
Kudzika kwekusunungurwa kwevhu
Kuti utsaure nehasha kune iyo nhanho yakaiswa mudunhu rako, zvakaringana kutarisa mepu pazasi.
Pamepu iyi, iwe unogona kuishuvira sarudza iyo mwero weiyo ivhu remahara mudunhu (kuti uwedzere kukura kwemufananidzo, tinya pairi chaiyo mbeva)
Asi izvi zvakavezwa data, saka zvinokwanisika kuona kukosha kwechimwe chinhu chakakwana nechikanganiso chakakura kwazvo. Kune pfungwa dzinotangira, tinopa nzira yekuverenga kudzika kweiyo primer yevhu mune chero nzvimbo. Iwe unofanirwa kungoziva chete tembiricha yemwedzi yechando (iyo iyo iyo avhareji yekupisa kwemwedzi ine tsika dzisina kunaka). Iwe unogona kuzviverengera pachako, formula uye yekuverenga muenzaniso yakaiswa pazasi.
Formula yekuverengera kudzika kwekusunungura
DFN - kuronga kudzika mudunhu rino,
Ita - coefficient kutora marudzi emhando yevhu:
- Kune ivhu rakakura-giredhi, iri 0.34;
- Yejecha neyekukutakura kwakanaka kwe033;
- Yejecha rakawanda 0.28;
- Kune vhu uye Loam, iri 0.23;
MT - huwandu hweavhareji yemwedzi nemwedzi tembiricha yekupisa kwechando munzvimbo yako. Tsvaga Service yeMetrology maererano nenharaunda yako. Sarudza mwedzi umo avhareji tembiricha yakaderera pane zero, peta, tsvaga iyo mraba midzi (pane basa pane chero Calculator). Mhedzisiro yacho inotsiviwa mune formula.
Semuyenzaniso Tiri kuziya pavhu. Svutugadzike yechando tembiricha mudunhu: -14 ° C, -15 ° C, -10C, -4 ° C.
Kuverenga kweiyo primer yevhu kuchave seizvi:
- 2 + 12 + 15 + 15 + 10 + 4 = 43, isu tinowana mwedzi mraba ye33, ndeye 6.6;
- DFN = 0.23 * 6.6 = 1.52 m.
Gamuchira kuti kugadzirwa kwakadzika kwekutonhora maererano neiyo parameter yakataurwa: 1.52 m. Hazvisizvo zvese, kuti zviverengeke kana zvichinge zvichinge zvichinge zvachengetwa mariri.
Kana chivakwa chacho chisina kuvharwa (yekugezera, imba yekuvakwa, kuvakwa kunoenda kwemakore akati wandei), shandisa kuwedzera kweiyo coeficent 1.1, iyo ichagadzira marita ekuchengetedza. Mune ino kesi, kudzika kwenheyo ye1,52 m * 1,1 = 1.7 m.
Kana chivakwa chichiviswa, ivhu rinogashirawo chikamu chekupisa kwaro uye kuchasunungura zvishoma. Naizvozvo, pamberi pekuparadza, kuderedza coefficients. Dzinogona kutorwa kubva patafura.
Iyo coefficients inofunga nezve kuvapo kwekudziya muchivako. Inotsauka pane kudziya mumba, kune iyo diki yakadzika iwe yaunoda kuti uwedzere hwaro (kuwedzera saizi yemufananidzo, tinya pairi kurudyi mbeva)
Saka, kana tembiricha ichagara ichichengetwa pamusoro + 20 ° C, iyo pasi neyakajeka ichagara ichichengetwa, iyo yakadzika yeiyo 1.52 M * 0.7 = 1.064 m .
Mumatafura uye makadhi anopiwa pakati peavhareji pamakore gumi apfuura. Muzhinji, pamwe, mukuverenga izvo zvakakodzera kushandisa data kwechando chinotonhora, iyo yaive mumakore gumi apfuura. Zvinotonhora uye hobby winders inenge yakadaro frequency. Uye kana kuverenga kuchida kuchidikanwa kuti utarise pamusoro pavo. Kupfuura zvese, iwe uchadzikama zvishoma, kana tikakunda makore 9, pa10 yenheyo yako inopa kupwanya nekuda kwekutonhora kwakanyanya.
Zvakadzama kuchera hwaro
Vakashongedzwa neuwandu uhu uye mhedzisiro yekudzidza kwenzvimbo iyi, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza sarudzo dzinoverengeka dzenheyo. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa ibhiboni uye koramu kana murwi. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoenderana neiyo yakajairika inotakura ivhu, yavo chete inofanira kunge iri gumi nemashanu kusvika gumi neshanu pazasi pakadzika dhizaini. Maitiro ekuverenga nayo, takataurira pamusoro apa.
Iko kudzika kwehwaro ndechimwe chikamu icho chazviri chinodiwa kuti uwedzere hwaro hwacho
Mune ino kesi, funga nezve zvinotevera zvinotevera:
- Kuvimba nega kunofanirwa kuve pasi nekubereka kwakanaka.
- Iyo nheyo inofanirwa kunyudzwa nedanho rinokwana gumi neshanu cm.
- Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti mvura ivhu iri pazasi. Zvikasadaro, zvinodikanwa kutora matanho ekupa mvura kana kudzikisa nhanho yavo, uye izvi zvinoda mari yakakura kwazvo.
- Kana ivhu rakatakura rakadzika kwazvo, zvakakodzera kufunga nezve vhezheni yenheyo yepasi.
Nekusarudza marudzi akati wandei enheyo nekutsanangura kudzika kwevakakurira, kuverenga kwakaringana kwekukosha kweumwe neumwe kunoitwa. Sarudza iyo ichave neupfumi hwakawanda.
Ndichiri kucherechedza kuti kudzikisa kudzika kwehwaro, iwe unogona kushandisa kudya kwemangwanani kwakadziyirwa. Munguva yekuvakwa kweiyo ribhoni nheyo yeiyo diki yekubvumirana chiitiko chinosungirwa.
Akanaka-Kuberekera Nheyo
Dzimwe nguva hwaro hwekudzika kwakadzika kwekudhura kwakanyanya kudhura. Ipapo isu tinofunga nezve murwi (sumino-huni rekugadzira) kana nheyo dzechidiki emabhiridha (rakabikwa). Ivo vanonziwo "kuyangarara". Mhando mbiri chete mbiri ndiro monolithic ndiro uye ribhoni.
Iyo slab nheyo inoonekwa yakanyanya kuvimbika uye nyore kufanotaura. Ane dhizaini yakadaro kuti inogona kuwana yakanyanya kukuvara chete neakadzika missalculations kana uchigadzira. Nekudaro, inogona kupambadzwa.
Zvakangodaro, vanogadzira nheyo dzekusayamwa havadi: vanoonekwa sevanodhura. Zvinotora zvakawanda zvemashoko (kunyanya fittings) uye nguva (pane iyo yekumusoro yekuisimbisa kumwechete). Asi dzimwe nguva slab nheyo yakachipa kupfuura ribhoni yakadzika pasi pepamusoro kana kunyange murwi. Saka usazvikanda pakarepo kubva kuakaundi. Iyo yakanaka kana iwe uchida kuvaka chivakwa chinorema pane bunny kana yakawanda ivhu.
Nheyo yechikuru chidiki
Iyo inobereka tepi inogona kuve nekudzika kwe60 cm. Nekudaro, inofanira kuve yakavakirwa pane ivhu neyakajairwa kugona. Kana kudzika kweiyo yakaorera layer yakakura, iko kwakadzika kwehupfumi hwaro hunowedzera.
Nenhamo yeRibbon yekunyoroveswa kwembambo pasi pezvivakwa zvechiedza, zvese zviri nyore kwazvo: vanoshanda zvakanaka. Iko kusanganiswa nekabhokisi log kana bara ndeyehupfumi uye panguva imwe chete yakavimbika sarudzo. Kana maboboni ari kumhanya, huni dzepamhepo dzakanyatso kurarama navo. Pamwewo imba yemuchina inonzwa zvakanaka pane izvi.
Kunyatsoda kuverenga kuti uverenge kana pane iyo belting belt belt phiveni inounganidzwa nedzimwe nzvimbo kubva kuchiedza chivakwa (Aheated kongiri, foam concrete, nezvimwewo). Ivo havaite nenzira yakanaka yekuchinja geometry. Pano isu tinoda kubvunzurirwa kwechiitiko uye, zvinofanirwa, nyanzvi yemunyanzvi ine ruzivo rwakakura.
Chimiro cheSlab nheyo
Asi pasi peimba inorema, chigadziko chidiki cheTape hachina kubatsira. Kuti uendese mutoro wese, zvinoda kuitwa zvakanyanya. Mune ino kesi, kazhinji, iyo slab ichave yakachipa.
Maswera sei-zvidiki
Iyi mhando inoshandiswa kana ichinge yadhura kurwira masimba uye haina musoro. Panyaya yenyaya yekunyara kudiki pamwe navo uye usanetseka. Ivo vanogona kutaurwa, kufuratira. Ivo vanongoita kuti nheyo uye imba ichisimuka uye iwayo nevhu ziya ziya. Naizvozvo, vanonziwo "kuyangarara".
Zvese zvinodiwa kuti upe nzvimbo yakagadzikana uye kubatana kwakasimba kwenzvimbo dzese dzehwaro uye zvinhu zveimba. Uye izvi iwe unoda kuverenga zvakakodzera.
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