Injini Starter
Kuvimbika kuvimbika kweinjini yemotokari yemutyairi munguva yechando kunogona kushanduka kuita dambudziko. Nyaya iyi inonyanya kuve yakakodzera kune vane simba anomhanyisa midziyo yemabhizinesi ekurima, mugwagwa weCommunity masevhisi anozvishandisa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedza shamwari. Izvi hazvingaitike kana mubatsiri wemagetsi achange ari pedyo, izvo zvinogona kuitwa neradio yakazara.
Chekutanga chishandiso cherudzi urwu rwakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nekurudziro inotsanangurwa mu "Kutanga Chishandiso" chinyorwa (IP. Bhuku redhemu. Bhuku "m ms.98. S.95 - 96). Miedzo yekutanga yakaratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kuidaidza iyo yekutanga mudziyo une chikamu chinozivikanwa chikamu. Inogona chete kushanda mu "fodya yakareruka" maitiro, i.e. Pamwe chete nebhatiri remotokari, uye saka zvingave zvakanyatsonaka kuidaidza kuti kubhadharisa uye kutanga mudziyo. Pakudziya kwakadzika, injini inotanga kuitwa mumatanho maviri:
- Kugadzirisa bhatiri kwemasekondi gumi egumi nemashanu;
- Joint "kukwidziridzwa" kweinjini.
Iyo inogamuchirwa yekufambisa yeiyo yekutenderera inotenderera yakaramba 3-5 masekondi, uye yakabva yadzikira zvikuru. Kana injini yacho isina kutanga kubva pakutanga kuedza, ndaifanira kudzokorora zvese zvekutanga. Saka, kakawanda. Maitiro aya haangonetesa chete, asi kwete anodikanwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri:
inotungamira mukuwedzera kweiyo Starter uye kupfeka kwayo kwakasviswa;
Inoderedza hupenyu hwebhatiri (munguva yechando, dziva dzekutanga dzemotokari dzevatakuri dzinosvika 250 A. dzinoita kuti kusvibisa kwebhatiri mahwendefa, kuumbwa kwechinhu chinoshanda, nezvimwewo).
Uye pfungwa iyi apa haisi chete kuti bhatiri rinogadziriswazve "kwete kutanga kwekutanga". Sezvazvinozivikanwa kubva kumabhuku (n.mer ilin, yu.l.L. VanyChical midziyo yemotokari. M.2), tembiricha yekubatira kwete pane hupenyu hwebhatiri, asi zvakare tembiricha yemagetsi. Mudziyo wakarukwa unovimbiswa kuti kuimba yeElectrolyte tembiricha + 25 ° C. Nekuderera kwekushisa, iyo visikoka yeiyo Electrolyte inowedzera, iyo inotungamira kuderera mumudziyo wekubvisa neinenge 1% padanho rekushisa. Nekudaro, kunyange bhatiri nyowani rinogadziridzwa munguva yechando rinokanganwa zvakanyanya "kutanga" zvinhu.
Iwe unogona kudzivisa izvi zvakashata kana iyo simba rechishandiso yakakwana kuzvikwanira (pasina rubatsiro rwebhatiri) yekutanga yemotokari inotonhora. Izvi zvichawedzerawo zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebhatiri rinoshanda.
Ngatiedzei, dzinosvika, tarisisa paramita rechishandiso chakadai. Sezvazvinozivikanwa kubva kubhuku [1], panguva yekutanga, kushanda kwazvino kwebhatiri:
Ir = 3 × c20, uye
Iko C20 ndiyo yakavezwa huwandu hwebhatiri (· h). Voltage ku Starter Mode pane imwe neimwe bhatiri haifanire kunge isiri pasi 1.75 v. Yegumi nembiri volt bhatiri:
Ur = 6 × 1, 75 v = 10.5 v,
Iko iyo ur ndeyekuderera bhatiri inoshanda voltage ku Starter Mode, v.
Saka simba rinopihwa kune iyo Starter:
PCT = UR × IP, W.
Semuenzaniso, kana bhatiri richiiswa pamotokari yemutyairi 6 St-60, simba rinopihwa kutanga richava:
Pct = 10,5 · makumi manomwe = 1890 (w).
Kunze kwemutemo uyu ndeye bhatiri 6 St-s60 yazvino yeiyo iri: IP = 255 a, uye simba rinopihwa kune iyo Starter inogona:
Pct = 10.5 v · 255 a = 2677.5 W.
Uchishandisa tafura 1 data, iwe unogona kuverenga simba rinopa kune iyo Starter yemotokari chero ipi zvayo. Nesimba iri, iyi frequency yekutenderera kweCrankshaft inopihwa (40-50 RPM - yeCarburetor Injini uye 80-120 rpm - iyo inovimbisa injini yakavimbika.
N / N. | Rudzi rweMatange | Rated Simba, KW | Rated voltage mukati | Kukura neinjines | Rechargeable Battery mhando | Power Transformer Simba, KW |
Poshi | St 230a, St 230b, St230k. | 1,03. | 12 | Mota "Volga", Gaz-53, Gaz-66, Zil-130. | 6st-60 6st-75 6st-75 6st-90. | ina 4.5 4.5 shanu |
2. | Art 221. | 1.25. | 12 | "Vaz" | 6st-55 | ina |
3. | St 117A. | 1,18 | 12 | "Moskvich" | 6st-55 | ina |
ina | St 222a. | 2,2 | 12 | Matirakiti T-16, 25 25, T-30. | 2 × 6st-150 | 6. |
shanu | Art 142. | 7,73. | 24. | Mota "Kamaz", "Maz", "Kraz", "Zil-133 Gi" | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
6. | St 103A-01 | 8,2 | 24. | Matirakiti "Kirevets", (K-700, K-701) | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Yakazvimirira kuisirwa yemhando yakamiswa
Kufananidza tafura yedata. 1 uye kuverenga pamusoro, unogona kuita mhedziso dzinoverengeka:
- Kune mazhinji emotokari dzinopfuura, iro risina simba rinopihwa kune iyo Starter inodarika iyo yemashoko ayo (Passport) Simba na2-5,5 nguva uye ndeiyi:
1900 ≤ pct ≤ 2700 [w];
- Kwemarori ane carburttor Injini, ichi chiratidzo chinogona kunge chanyanya kukwirira:
2400 ≤ pct ≤ 3310 [10];
- yemotokari ine injini yedhiel:
Pct = 2 · 10,5 · 570 = 11970 [W],
(Ivo vane mabhatiri maviri 6 St - 190 vanosanganisirwa muhurukuro).
Paunenge uchiverenga shanduko yekudzikira, inodiwa kuti ufunge nezvekurasikirwa pane redhifier block, kugovera waya, oxided yekubatanidza nzvimbo yekubatanidza inonamatira uye mhedziso dzekutanga. Sezvinoratidzwa nechiitiko chacho, simba rekudzikisira shanduko yechishandiso chekutanga yemotokari yepasirese haifanire kunge isiri pasi peRTR = 4 KW.
Chimiro chakatorwa sezvakatsanangurwa mu [2], asi neine simba rinoshandura T1. (ona Fig. 1).
Fig.1 Scheme yeimwe-chikamu chekutanga chishandiso.
MuMunyori, iyo yekudzikisira transformer yakagadzirwa pane turoidal musimboti kubva kuThenor of the Pfupt Asynchronous magetsi emagetsi emagetsi ne5 kW. Yayo data inotaridzika seizvi:
SCT = 27 CM2, SCT = A × B (SCT - Iyo Nzvimbo yeMagineti Pipipi Cross Chikamu, CM2)
(ona Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 A, B magineti mutsara
Iyo nhamba yekutendeuka ye1 muiyo voltage yekuvhiya yakaverengerwa neFomula:
T = 30 / SS
Nhamba yekutendeuka yeiyo yekutanga mhepo yeiyo shanduko yaive:
W1 = 220 · T = 220 · 30 = 244;
Yechipiri Winding:
W2 = W3 = 16 · T = 16 · 30 = 18.
Iyo yekutanga mhepo yakuvadzwa naPTTV ø 2,12 mm, iyo yechipiri ndiyo aluminium tire neyakayambuka chikamu che36 mm2. Switch SA1 Type AE - 1031 (ine yakavakirwa-muFormal Dziviriro) yeazvino 25 A. Diode vd1, vd2 Type D161-250.
Iyo amplitude yeMagineti Induction muCore yeiyo transformer vm = 1.7 t .. Iyo idling yazvino pane zvakadai zveVM inosvika pane iyo ixx = 3.5 a, iyo inoderedza iyo shanduko yekuchinja. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kuti utore pfungwa inotevera. Kushanda kwazvino mune yekutanga mhepo yeiyo transformer i1 panguva yekutanga inogona kuzadzisa tsika 18-20 kudonha kwemagetsi emwenje yeanetiweki na15-20 V. Saka, kwete 220 v, Uye 200 v. inoiswa kune yekutanga mhepo yekuchinja. Inoderedza kukosha kweiyo vm uye pasina basa razvino, rinowedzera iyo transformer yekubudirira panguva yekutanga.
Kune avo vanoshuvira kuzvimirira vanozvimirira paramende yekudzvinyirira shanduko, unogona kushandisa hunyanzvi hwakatarwa mune [2], [3].
Matipi akati wandei pane kugadzirira kweiyo turoidal core. Uteshi chakatarisana neyemagetsi mota yemagetsi kubva kune vakasara vekumhepo. Nerubatsiro rwechisiyo chakapinza uye nyundo yakatemwa mazino a stator. Izvi hazvina kuoma kuita. Simbi Simbi, asi iwe unofanirwa kushandisa magirazi ekuchengetedza uye mittens. Zvadaro kubva ku simbi bar ø 7-8 mm gadzira mabhureki maviri eP-yakagadzirirwa iyo iyo transformer core ichave yakasungirirwa kune iyo base pure. Pamapeji ese maviri, mabhureki akacheka tambo pasi peM6 nati. Kubva pairi simbi ribhoni, gobvu re3-4 mm uye hupamhi hwe 18-20 mm, bent p-nenzira nenzira yekufananidzira, gadzirirai chidimbu cheshanduko. Micheto yeiyo p-yakavezwa ndiro inowedzera kune mumwe nemumwe, kuwana "ndimi" yehurefu hwechishanu, kuti ndeipi bato rematanda richabatanidzwa. Kuti izvi zviitike, maburi a ø 7 mm anodhakwa mu "ndimi". Mabhureki maviri uye zvidimbu zvesimbi zvebato zvakarukwa nedanda remachira akasungirirwa neepoid yeiyo Troid: Iyo bato kumusoro, mabhureki pazasi kubva kune imwe neimwe. Iyo yese core inofukidzwa zvakare neimwe kana maviri matanda ematehwe akasungirirwa neepoxy resin. Mushure mekuoma ipoxy resin, tanga kusvina mhepo. Iyo yekutanga mhepo iri kutanga, ichishongedzera kutenderedza kutenderera kwepartimeter. Mushure mekuita yekutanga mhepo, iyo transformer inosanganisira network uye yekuyera idling yazvino, iyo haifanire kufumisa 3.5 A. Inofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti paVM = 1.7 tl core pedyo nekuguta, uye saka, kunyangwe shanduko diki muhuwandu hwe anotendeuka anokonzeresa shanduko yakakura mune iripo yeIxx yekutanga mhepo.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Zvinoita here kurova iyo Fliesline Wallpaper neGlue yeVinyl
Usati wamhidzira mhepo yechipiri muchikamu chesimbi muchikamu chesimbi, gomba rakarohwa negomba pasi peM12 yakarukwa, iyo ichashanda sechiputi kubva pakati pemhepo uye panguva imwe chete "yakanaka" terminal "terminal" terminal. Dictinifing Diodes inoratidzwa mudhiriyano inobvumira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvechigadziro chechigadziko kwete chete yekunzwa diodes, asi zvakare kunaka kwekushisa kwasinonyura pasina difelectric mapad.
Mhedzisiro yechipiri semototock yakabatana ne "terminal" yakanaka "inotendeuka inogovaniswa mukati meiyo perimeter yeiyo core. Kana kuseta svutugadzike huni.
Tevere, nerubatsiro rweWalding gadzirira chigadziko chesimba. Kune izvi, simbi tsvimbo ø 10-12 mm inoshandiswa. Kune rimwe divi reiyo chimiro pane aluminium kana ndiro yemhangura ine gobvu ye3-4 mm, kugadzirisa diodes kusimbisa. Pano gomba rakabiwa pasi peM12 Bolt, iyo ichashanda se "minus" mudziyo. Kune rumwe rutivi rwechimiro, chikamu chemarasha chakarukwa uye switch switch yakanamatira pairi.
Iye zvino nezve waya dzinobatanidza Starter Starter. Chero kusava nehanya nekugadzira kwavo kunogona "kuderedza kwete" zvese zvaunoita. Ratidza iwo mumwe muenzaniso chaiwo. Rega kuramba kweRPR yeiyo nzira yese yekubatanidza kubva kune iyo rextifier kune iyo Starter ichave yakaenzana ne: RPD = 0.01 ohms yeIP = 250 uye iyo yekudonha kweiyo yevaya ichave:
Upr = iprimr = 250 A = 0.01 om = 2,5 v;
Kurasikirwa kwesimba pane waya:
Rpr = upr · p = 625 W.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, voltage haisi 14 v, asi 11.5 V, izvo, zvirokwazvo, hazvidikanwe kutanga mumamiriro ekushanda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kureba kwemarowa ekubatanidza anofanirwa kuve mashoma sezvinobvira (l ≤ 1.5 m), uye nzvimbo yemuchinjiko, sezvinobvira (SP × 100 mm2). Waya dzinofanirwa kuve dzakawanda dzendarira muRabha Insulation. Kuti uwane nyore, kubatana neiyo Starter inoitwa nekushandiswa kwematambudziko akashongedzwa kana ane simba anoshandiswa se electrode anobata nemachina emumba. Iyo general mhando yeasina--phase Starter inoratidzwa muPi.3.
Fig.3 General View yeimwe-chikamu chekutanga chishandiso.
Iyo nzira yakataurwa yekuverenga iyo yekutanga mudziyo kune zvakasikwa uye zvinoshandiswa kune injini dzesimba chero ripi zvaro. Ticharatidza izvi pane muenzaniso weiyo Starter St-222 a, inoshandiswa paT-16 Matiraki, T-25, T-30 Vladimir Trark.
Ruzivo rwekutanga nezve St-222 Wotline:
Rated Voltage - 12 v;
Rakarurwa Simba - 2.2 kw;
Rechargeable Battery Type - 2 × 3st-150.
Saka:
Ire = 3 · DC20 = 3 · 150 a = 450 A,
Simba rinopihwa kune iyo Starder ichave:
Pct = 10.5 v · 450 a = 4725 W.
Kupiwa simba rekurasikirwa:
Rp = 1-1.3 kW.
Simba Shandura Simba:
RTR = PCT + RP = 6 kw.
Chikamu chemuchinjiko chemagineti pombiline sct = 46-50 cm2. Zvazvino Kure mumhepo Zvinotora Zvakaenzana:
J = 3 - 5 A / MM2.
Iko kushanduka-kwepfupi kwekutanga kweiyo mudziyo (5-10 masekondi) kunobvumira kushandiswa kwayo mune imwechete-phose network. Kune mamwe masimba ane simba, iyo yekutanga mudziyo shanduko inofanira kunge iri matatu-chikamu. Tichazvidudzira pamusoro peculiarities kwezvinhu muenzaniso mumwe kutanga mudziyo kwayo kwenguva simba Diesel tarakita "Kirovets" (K-700, K-701). Yayo Starter St-103A-01 ine yakasarudzika simba re 8.2 kW panguva yakatarwa ye 24 v. Simba rekutanga mudziyo (uchifunga nezvekurasikirwa) kuchave:
Chinyorwa pane nyaya: machira ekushongedza kubva ku bamboo zviite iwe pachako
RTR = 16 - 20 KW.
Kuverenga kwakareruka kweiyo nhatu-phase transformer kunoitwa mukugadzirisa kukurudzira kwakaiswa mu [3]. Kana zvichikwanisika, iwe unogona kushandisa maindasitiri akaderedzwa trk-20a, tmob-63 type travelformers, etc., yakabatana nenhamba ye3 380/220 v uye sekondari voltage of 36 v. Vakadaro vanochinja vanoshandiswa kupisa kwemagetsi, Inoors muMhuka Mhuka, Pig Kuberekera uye T .. Iyo inotsemuka dunhu pane matatu-phase transformer ndeyekutevera (ona Mufananidzo 4).
Fig.4 Kutanga mudziyo pane matatu-chikamu shanduko.
MP ndeye magineti PML-4000 Type Starter, PMA-4000, kana izvo zvakafanana nezvavo zvekuchinja zvishandiso zvine 20 k. Pad bhatani sv1 Type ku-121-1, ku-122-1m, nezvimwe.
A matatu-chikamu-single-alpaPid rextifier inoiswa pano, iyo inokutendera kuti uwane iyo Isina STROK YAKAITWA NEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA (YEMAHARA-Yakakura-Size Kureba Kureba Kureba Kusvikira 4 m). Iko kushandiswa kweimwe-chikamu shanduko inopa mikana yakawanda yekuwana iyo yaunoda kusagadzikana kushushikana voltage. Kukosha kwayo kunogona kuchinjwa, kusanganisira iyo "nyeredzi", "triangle" mhepo, shandisa imwe chete yekunyora kana bipetier (laroniov wedunhu) kururamisa.
Mukupedzisa, makanzuru mazhinji uye mazano:
- Iko kushandiswa kweTuroidal Shanduko yeimwe-chikamu-upt-up seti haidi uye inotyisidzirwa neyavo yakanyanya kunaka-chikamu chechiratidzo. Panguva imwecheteyo, tekinoroji yekugadzira kwavo ndiyo inobata zvakanyanya.
-Kuverenga kweiyo shanduko yeiyo yekutanga mudziyo ine zvimwe zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kuverenga kwehuwandu hwekutendeukira ku1 mune yekuvhurwa kweiyo fomu: T = 30 / SST, inotsanangurwa "svina" iyo yakanyanya kunaka kune kukanganisa kwehupfumi. Izvi zvinoruramiswa neyakajeka-kashanu (5-10 masekondi) maitiro ekushanda. Kana zviyero zvisingatambe basa rekusarudza, unogona kushandisa imwe nzira yekuregeredza nekuverenga formula: t = 35 / ss. Chikamu chemuchinjiko chemagineti pipi inotorwa ne25-30% zvimwe.
- Simba rinogona "kubviswa" kubva kune iripo turoidal core, anenge akaenzana nesimba rechinhu chematanho matatu easynchronous motokari yemagetsi, kubva pane iyi core inogadzirwa. Kana iyo Injini Simba risingazivikanwe, rinogona kuve rinenge rakaverengerwa neFomula:
RDV = SHURE ·
uko RDV isimba reinjini, W; Ѕst - iyo nharaunda yemagineti pombieline Cross chikamu, cm2 set = a × in ѕok - iyo nzvimbo yepahwindo yemagineti pipi, cm2 (ona fig. 2)
Ѕok = 0,785 · d2
- Iyo iyo musimboti weiyo transformer kune base chimiro yakasungirirwa nemabhureki maviri eP-akaomeswa. Nekubatsira kwesimbe inosimbisa, inodiwa kuti udzivise kutaridzika kweiyo co-roth-yakavharwa coil yakaumbwa ne bracket ine hupombwe.
- Kufunga kuti iyo idling voltage mune matatu-chikamu chekutanga-up mudziyo pamusoro 28 v, injini inotanga inoitwa mune inotevera kutevedzana.
1. Batanidza iyo yekutanga madhiri ane treger kubuda.
2. Mutyairi anosanganisira mutambi.
3. Mubatsiri anodzvinyirira bhatani rekutanga reOV1 uye mushure mekushanda kwakasimba kweinjini nekukurumidza inoburitsa.
- Kana uchishandisa chishandiso chesimba chekutanga mune yakasarudzika vhezheni zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveTB, inofanira kuvharwa. Maoko emakonzo anobatanidza anofanirwa kunge ari muRabha insulation. Kuti udzivise kuvhiringidzika, "yakanaka" tick inodiwa yekuroora, semuenzaniso, tepi tsvuku.
- Kana uchitanga bhatiri, haugone kudzima kubva kune iyo Starter. Mune ino kesi, zvigunwe zvakabatanidzwa kune yakakodzera mabhatiri mhedzisiro. Kuti udzivise kudzosera bhatiri, iyo yekutanga mudziyo mushure mekutanga injini inobviswa.
-Kuderedza mashnet kupaza, iyo yechipiri yekuvhuvhuta yeiyo transformer iri nani kune iyo yekutanga pane iyo yekutanga, uye ipapo yakuvadza iyo yekutanga mhepo.
Mabhuku:
N.m. Ilyin, yu.l. Timofeev, v.ha. Vanyav. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemotokari. M: Kutakura, 1982
I.P. Herests. Radio Amateur Zvirongwa zvinobatsira. Bhuku 1, m.: Solon 1998.
I. NicoForOv. Kuverengerwa kwekuverenga kweNetwork Transformer. Radio, 2000, Nha. 10, p. 39.
Matirakiti "Krovets", K-701, K-700 A. Tekinoroji tsananguro uye bhuku rekuraira. M.: Tractoroxport.
V. MOTwuzas. Electropuscat. Makirani, 1988, Nha. 4, p. 23-24.