Entliziyo yophahla ngalunye ulele inani elikhulu leziqadi, iirawters, iiracks kunye ne-Racks, zonke ezibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeRAFT. Kwimbali endala yenkulungwane kunye neendlela zentlangano, uninzi luqokelele, kwaye nganye ineempawu zayo ekwakheni amaqhina kunye nesandla. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuba lo phahla lwe-phapha lophahla lwe-raft yinkqubo yokuqhotyoshelwe kwaye kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe njani kwaye ezinye izinto zenkqubo ziya kuthetha ngakumbi.
Uyilo lwenkqubo yokulinganisa yophahla lwethambo
Kwimeko, uphahla oluphindiweyo lungunxantathu. Inamabala amabini aselwandle athambekele. Ezi ziqwengana zimbini ziqhagamshelwe kwelona nqaku liphezulu kwinkqubo ye-skate enye ye-skate (run).
Iskimu sophahla lwethambo
Ngoku malunga nezinto zenkqubo kunye nokuqeshwa kwabo:
- IMauerlat - Ibar, edibanisa uphahla kunye neendonga zesakhiwo, isebenza njengenkxaso yeenyawo ze-raft kunye nezinye izinto zenkqubo.
- Imilenze etyumza - bayongela iindiza ezithambekileyo zophahla kwaye zixhasa ikhreyithi phantsi kwento yophahla.
- I-ski ibalekayo (i-Bead okanye ihashe) -idibanisa iindinyana ezimbini zophahla.
- Ukuqina yinto ethe qingqiweyo edibanisa imilenze enamacala oxakayo. Isebenza ukwandisa ubungqola boyilo kunye nembuyekezo yemithwalo yokumiswa.
- I-lecky-imivalo ebekwe kwiMauerlat. Faka umthwalo ovela eluphahleni.
- Iidebhu-Inkxaso yemilenze ye-raf.
- Iiracks-dlulisela umthwalo kubalekela kwilitha.
Le nkqubo isazinyaswe yiFallinka. Ezi ziibhodi ezandisa imilenze ye-rafting ukwenza isinki. Inyani yile yokuba ukukhusela iindonga kunye nesiseko seNdlu ngokobubanzi, kunqweneleka ukuba uphahla oluphezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka ezindongeni. Ukwenza oku, unokuthatha imilenze emide yorhatya. Kodwa ubude obuqhelekileyo bamaplanga emithi ezi-6 zeemitha akwanelanga koku. I-odolo engeyiyo imigangatho ibiza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ii-rafters fuse, kodwa iiplanga abazenzileyo zibizwa ngokuba "ziifilimu".
Iinkqubo zokwakha ezomeleleyo zininzi kakhulu. Okokuqala, zahlulahlulwe zangamaqela amabini-ngeedolophu kunye nokuxhoma iirafti.
Umahluko kuyilo lwemikhono kunye nokuxhoma iirafti
Ngee-rafys ezixhonyiweyo
Ezi ziinkqubo apho imilenze yoRafter isekwe kwiindonga ezingaphandle ngaphandle kwenkxaso ephakathi (iindonga zebhatala). Ngophahla lweBantal, olona xesha lukhulu ziimitha ezili-9. Xa ufaka inkxaso ethe nkqo kunye neendlela eziphantsi kweenqanawa, inokunyuka ibe yi-14 yeemitha.
Uhlobo lokumiswa kwenkqubo ye-rafter yophahla lwe-hurplex lulungile ngoba kungekho mfuneko yokuba ubeke iMauerlate, kwaye oku kwenza ukuba ufakelo lwemilenze yokulinganisa ilize: Akukho sidingo sokwenza nantoni na, sanele ukuphosa iibhodi. Ukunxibelelana kweendonga kunye neengcakari, ilayini isetyenziswa-ibhodi ebanzi, elungiswe kwizikhonkwane, izikhonkwane, i-bolts, riglel. Ngesakhiwo esinjalo, uninzi lweendlela zokuqhuba zibuyekezwa, iziphumo ezindongeni zibhekiswa ngokuthe nkqo.
Iindidi zeenkqubo ze-RARTER ezinamagqabi axhonyiweyo kwiindonga ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweendonga zentengiso
Inkqubo etyibilikisiweyo yophahla lwe-tie lezindlu ezincinci
Kukho inguqulelo yexabiso eliphantsi lenkqubo yedwa xa ingunxantathu (ifoto engezantsi). Isakhiwo esinjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba umgama phakathi kweendonga zangaphandle awungeemitha ezi-6. Kwinkqubo enjalo yophawu, awunakubalwa ngaphezulu kwe-angle yotyekelo: Ihashe kufuneka likhuliswe ngaphezulu kokuqinisa kubude obuyi-1/6 yobude bexesha.
Inqaku lesihloko: Faka amathambeka ukuze ucango lomnyango
Kodwa ngolwakhiwo olunjalo lomanyano, ukugoba okubalulekileyo kuyakwakhona. Ukubuyisela okanye ukuthatha icandelo elineminqa elikhulu le-row okanye igama lendlela ye-skank lenza ukuba yenziwe ngokuyinxenye. Ukunika ukuqina okukhulu kwamacala omabini, amaplanga okanye i-linengs yentsimbi kuyondokondla, ethambekele ngokuthembekileyo kwi-triangle (jonga kwakhona hayi imifanekiso).
Ifoto ikwabonisa ukuba ungayikhulisa njani imilenze yokumisa imilenze ukudala ingxolo yophahla. Kukho isithuba esinesandla, ekufuneka sihambe ngaphaya kwemida yomgca ochithwe kudonga lwangaphakathi phezulu. Kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha indawo yokuqhambuka kwaye kunciphise ukubakho kwendawo yokuva.
Iqhina le-Ski kunye nokunyusa iinyawo ze-raftter ukuya kwibhodi yevali kwinguqulelo elula yenkqubo
Yophahla lweMansard
Ukhetho kunye nokufakwa kweRigleel kusetyenziswa xa kuhlela phantsi kophahla lwendawo yokuhlala - i-Attic. Kule meko, sisiseko sokugubungela isilingi esingezantsi kwegumbi. Ukusebenza ngokuthenjwa kwenkqubo yolu hlobo, isibeleko se-riglel kufuneka sihle (enzima). Olona khetho lubalaseleyo yi-rortity (jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi). Ngaphandle koko, uphahla luya kuba luzinzanga kwimithwalo.
Inkqubo etyibilikisiweyo yophahla lwe-tie kunye nokuqina okuqinileyo kunye neqhina
Nceda uqaphele ukuba kweli lecebo kukho iMauerlat, kunye nemilenze engcolisayo yokwandisa uzinzo loyilo kufuneka luhambe ngaphaya kweendonga zendonga. Ukukhusela nokudlala ngeMaleert, igama lenziwa ngendlela yonxantathu. Kule meko, ngomthwalo ongalinganiyo kwiintonga, uphahla luya kuzinza ngakumbi.
Ngesikimu esinjalo, phantse wonke umthwalo usiwa esidleleni, kwaye ke kufuneka sithathe icandelo elikhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuphakanyiswa ukuqinisa qinisa ukumiswa. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukutyhileka kwayo ukuba isebenza njengenkxaso yezixhobo zokuchitheka. Ukuba ukuqonda kuncinci, kunokusetyenziswa kwiziko kumacala omabini ngepribhoni, izikhonkwane. Ngomthwalo obalulekileyo kunye nobude beinshurensi, kunokubakho uninzi. Kule meko, nayo, iibhodi ezaneleyo kunye nezikhonkwane.
Kwizindlu ezinkulu
Kumgama obonakalayo phakathi kweendonga ezimbini zangaphandle, umakhulu kunye ne-sadmill ifakiwe. Olu luyilo lunengqongqo, kuba imithwalo ihlawulelwe.
Inkqubo yokuqhelisela i-pie-pie yophahla lwendawo enkulu kunye ne-skick skite kunye neerawters
Ngomhla wexesha elide (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14 Meeters), yenza isiqwenga seqhekeza nesibizayo, ke, bayenza kwimiqadi emibini. Inxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo okanye i-orre of cre (umzobo ongezantsi).
Ngqo kunye ne-oblique iyonke
Ngendlela ethembekileyo, indawo yoqhagamshelo iyaphuculwa yintsimbi yentsimbi etyalwe kwiibhotile. Ubungakanani bayo bube bukhulu ngakumbi kunesondo levili - iibhloko ezigqithisileyo zikwiinkuni eziqinileyo kumgama oziimitha ezi-5 ubuncinci ukusuka kumda wesandla.
Ukuze ikimu yokusebenza ihambe kakuhle, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ilungelo losasazo. Bayidlulisela kwaye basasaza inxenye yomthwalo ukusuka kwimilenze yokuqinisa iRafter kwaye kubonelela ngokuqina kwesakhiwo. I-Lineings zentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukuphucula imiqathango
Inqaku lesihloko: Qhoboshela, i-bar yemfama, amakhethini kwigumbi lokuhlambela - uyakufunda ngazo zonke izinto
I-Pods ebophayo kwinkqubo ye-truss ixhonywe iirafti
Xa uhlanganisa uphahla lwephepha ezimbini kunye nolwakhiwo lokuxhoma, icandelo le-Lumber lihlala likhulu kunenkqubo ezinamabala amabala: Ke ngoko, iiakhawunti nganye yomthwalo omkhulu.
Hayi indlela ecwangciswe ngayo uphahla lwe-adresi (ngemitha kunye nemizobo) ifundwe apha.
Ngeempawu zedolophu
Kwi-duc puars kunye neendonga zesutum, baphumla ezindongeni, kwaye icandelo eliphakathi lisekwe kwiindonga zerhasi okanye iikholamu. Ezinye izikimu ezisika iindonga, ezinye azikho. Ngayiphi na imeko, ubukho be-maueeers kukwemfuneko.
Inguqulelo elula yemikhono
Izikwere ze-furgent kunye ne-fats
Izindlu ezityhutyha iilogo okanye amaplanga asabela kakuhle kwimithwalo ye-spacer. Kubo, zigxekile: udonga lungawi. Ngezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi, inkqubo eqinileyo yophahla ezimbini kufuneka ithembeke. Siza kuthetha ngezi nkqubo ngokweenkcukacha.
Umzobo olula olula wenkqubo ye-raftter uboniswe kwifoto engezantsi. Kuyo, inyawo le-raft liqala eMauerlate. Kolu khetho, isebenza ngokugoba, ngaphandle kokusika udonga.
Inkqubo elula ye-fuscal yophahla kunye ne-slots
Nikela ingqalelo kwiinketho zokuphakama kweenyawo zeenyawo eMauert. Ekwokuqala, iqonga le-opira lihlala lixhonywe, ubude bayo abusekho ngaphezulu kwamacandelo omqadi. Ubunzulu bekrele abusekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.25 yokuphakama kwayo.
Phezu kweenyawo zobambiso kubekwe kwi-ski bar, ngaphandle kokufaka umbilini ochaseneyo. Ijika kwisakhiwo sophahla olubini oluthile, olukwicala eliphezulu alungqinelani (kodwa aluxhunyiwe) enye kwenye.
Esi sikimu asikhuthaziswanga ngaphandle kwamava: Ngokukwenzelwa okuncinci kwendlela yokusebenza, indlela yokusebenza ivele kwaye uyilo lungazinzanga.
Kulula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa ukhetho ngonyawo olukhawulezileyo olufakwe kwilungu le-skank. Phantse akaze azinike iindonga ezindongeni.
Ukuqinisa iirafti zokukhetha ngaphandle kwendawo eludongeni
Ukusebenza kwesi sikimu, imilenze ye-raft iqhotyoshelwe ezantsi ngoncedo lonxibelelwano olusebenzayo. Ukukhusela unyawo lohambo ukuya kwiMaeert, isikhonkwane esinye sivaliwe okanye ezantsi kwepleyiti yentsimbi eguqukayo. Izinketho zokuzibopha iinyawo ze-skite kwi-skate ring, bona ifoto.
Ukuba isixhobo sophahla sicetywa ukusebenzisa inzima, kubalulekile ukwandisa amandla okuthwala. Oku kufezekiswa ngokwanda kwecandelo lomnqamlezo wezinto zomkhawulo kunye ne-amfter yendibano ye-skite. Iboniswa kwifoto engezantsi.
Ukomeleza i-skieter ye-skite phantsi kwezinto ezinzima zophahla okanye ngemithwalo ebalulekileyo yekhephu
Yonke le mizobo ingentla yophahla lweBantal luzinzile phambi kwemithwalo efanayo. Kodwa ngokuziqhelanisa, oku ayisenzeka. Ungaluthintela indawo eluphahleni kumthwalo omkhulu ngeendlela ezimbini: ufakelo kwindawo engaphezulu kweemitha ezi-2 zokunyathela okanye izikhonkwane.
Izinketho zeenkqubo zeRafter ezinamabhegi
Ukufakwa kweekhilotiko kunyusa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Ukuze isebenze ngokwesiqhelo, kwiindawo zokuhlangana kwayo nemidlelo, kuyimfuneko ukuyilungisa ngezikhonkwane. Icandelo le-ruser crocker lomlo lisetyenziswa ngokungathi lo rofter.
Inqaku lesihloko: Umhlobini woNyaka oMtsha weNdlu ngezandla zakho (iifoto ezingama-45)
Izikimu zeenkqubo zophahla lwe-bartal ngamalulwane
I-slingterts iqhotyoshelwe kwi-bots okanye izikhonkwane. Inokufakwa kumacala amabini okanye amabini. Indibano encamathiselwe kwi-rafters kunye ne-skate rusto ijonge kumzobo ongezantsi.
Ukuqinisa umlo kwiinyawo zeRafter kunye ne-skate Bruus
Ukuze inkqubo ingqongqo kwaye ingenzi "iqhekeza", nkqu nemithwalo yexesha likaxakeka, kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-skigote yibar yekhasi. Ngaphandle kokungabikho kokususwa kwayo kwindawo ethe tyaba, uphahla luya kusombulula imithwalo ebalulekileyo.
Uza kwenza njani uphahla lwamawele (ingxelo yefoto) ifundwe apha.
Iinkqubo zokutshiza iirafti
Kwezi zinto, ezi zinto, imilenze yokuphanga yongezwa ngenxa yokuqina okukhuselekileyo, okwabizwa ngokuba yimpompo. Zifakwe kwi-angle ye-45 ° ngokunxulumene nendawo ethe tyaba. Ufakelo lwabo luvumela ukuba wonyuse ubude be-span (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14 yeemitha) okanye unciphise icandelo lomnqamlezo wemigangatho (ebhalwe).
Impompo ithenjisiwe phantsi kwe-engile enqwenelekayo kwimiqadi kwaye ifakwe ngezipikili emacaleni nasezantsi. Imfuno ebalulekileyo: I-boolean kufuneka inqunyulwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ibekwe ngokuqinileyo kwii-racks kunye nomlenze onciphayo, ukuphelisa ukubakho kokucinga.
Iinkqubo ezinemilenze ye-swindows. Ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenkqubo ye-spacer, ezantsi kwempazamo. Ii-node ezikhoyo ezinqwenelekayo zexesha ngalinye zikufuphi. I-DowSnANAIERSANIAERES-YENZA IZICWANGCISO ZOKUGQIBELA
Kodwa hayi kuwo onke amakhaya odonga oluphambili luphakathi. Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuseke i-pitch nge-angle ye-nnnone isihlobo se-45-53 °.
Inkqubo ye-Rafters enendawo eguqukayo kwiziko elithi nkqo
Iinkqubo ezinezikhonkwane ziyafuneka ukuba i-shriswage ebonakalayo yesiseko okanye yedonga zinokwenzeka. Iindonga zinokuhlala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwizindlu ezenziwe ngomthi, kwaye iziseko zikwimihlaba eqaqambileyo okanye imihlaba ekhanyayo. Kuzo zonke ezi meko, cinga ngefowuni yeenkqubo zokulinganisa zolu hlobo.
Inkqubo yeZindlu ezineendonga ezimbini zangaphakathi
Ukuba kukho iindonga ezimbini zebharhile endlwini, zimbini iibhloko ezimbini eziphathwayo ezifumaneka ngaphezulu kwedonga ngalinye. Iindonga ezizimeleyo zenzuzo zithathiwe, umthwalo ovela kwimitha yentsholongwane idluliselwa kwiilitha kwiiracks.
Iinkqubo ezinemifanekiso ye-mananipy
Kwezi nkqubo, ukubaleka kwe-ski akubeki: inika imikhosi ye-spacer. Iirawters kwinxalenye ephezulu iqhagamshelwe enye kwenye (iqhotyoshelwe kwaye ilingane ngaphandle kwe-Gaps), indawo yoqhagamshelo ifakwe intsimbi okanye i-lawnings efakwe intsimbi.
Kwinkqubo ephezulu yesenzo, ukuqina kuyasuswa kunye nomkhosi wokuqhuba. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukuqonda kubekwe phantsi kwabasebenzi. Emva koko isebenza ngokufanelekileyo (umzobo ophezulu kwi-10. Ukuzinza kunokubonelelwa zii-racks, okanye iindimisi-i-beams ezifakwe sisiphene. Kwinkqubo ye-spacer (emfanekisweni engezantsi), i-rossbar ibar. Ifakwe ngaphezulu kwe-Run.
Kukho uhlobo lwenkqubo ene-racks, kodwa ngaphandle kwemfuyo engaphantsi. Ke i-rack ithe yabethelwa kwiinyawo zalo ndlwana, ezixhomekeke eludongeni oluphakathi.
Ukuqinisa i-rack kunye nokuqina kwinkqubo ye-raftter ngaphandle kokuqhutywa kwamantshontsho
Ukufumana i-racks, izikhonkwane zisetyenziselwa i-150 mm kunye neebhanti ezili-12 mm. Ubungakanani kunye nomgama owomlinganiso zikwimilimi.