Qwalasela iimfuno zemveliso kunye nokufakelwa kweengcango zegumbi lokuhlangana kunye ne-PVC. Zeziphi izinto zeengcango zeplastiki kufuneka zinikele ingqalelo.
Iplastikhi kunye neplastiki
Yonke imveliso eqinisekisiweyo yayo nayiphi na impahla, ngokukodwa, ukwenziwa kweengcango zegumbi lilawulwa ngumgangatho wombuso- phuma. Emva koko, iimfuno ezibonisiweyo zomgangatho weemveliso ezinjalo zingqongqo kakhulu. Iimfuneko ezilawula imilinganiselo yemveliso yendlela yokufaka kwaye ibekwe kwiindawo eziphakathi kwamagumbi, kubandakanya iseti yazo epheleleyo.
Kukho imigangatho ethile esemgangathweni yeengcango zangaphakathi, ezidweliswe kwi-5629-88. Njengoko ibhaliwe kolu xwebhu, ezi zilo zinokwenziwa:
- ngeefilimu;
- nge-canvas eqinileyo;
- nge-canvas ibandakanya iglasi;
- Ngeeglasi zeglasi eziguqukayo.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga neemveliso ezinjalo
I-canvas iyonke
Iingcango zeplanga ezenziwe ngoluhlu lweenkuni zendalo zisebenze njengomhlobiso wenyani ngaphakathi. Uhlobo lweenkuni zendalo lubangela ingqondo yobungangamsha, iimveliso ezivela kuye zinokuba nobungakanani obahlukeneyo, ezona ndlela zinomdla kunye nokukhetha.
Ezi nkcukacha zixhomekeka kwiimfuno ezithile zomnini-mnini zibonisa ezi zinto zibalaselayo, kunye neenjongo apho ziya kufaka khona. Njengomthetho, imigangatho esemgangathweni ekukhetheni iingcango zenkuni zangaphakathi zikhangeleka ngolu hlobo:
- Isixa semali ekulindeleke ukuba sichithe ekuthengweni kunye nomsebenzi wokufaka.
- Zeziphi iindlela onokukhetha ukuzifuna ukubona ekuvuleni phakathi kwamagumbi.
- Iza kwenziwa njani ivula.
- Iimfuno ezithile zoyilo lokubonakala kwezakhiwo zomnyango.
- Inyathelo elichanekileyo le-membrane ukwenzela ukufaka iingcango.
- Iimfuneko ezithile ezinxulumene noMcimbi weNkcazo ekhethekileyo.
Kwaye emva kokuba wazi ngqo iimpendulo kule mibuzo, unethuba lokubonisa imisebenzi yakho (ukutyhala ngaphandle kwe-Gost) kunye neemfuno zolwakhiwo lwakho oluza kubakho kwindlu yakho okanye indlu.
Inqaku lesihloko: Umgangatho opeyintiweyo: Unjani kwaye njani, ngaphandle kokususa ipeyinti endala
Ixabiso lomnyango wamaplanga kubalwa ngu:
- Izinto zeMithombo
- ubungakanani
- Umthi otshisiweyo usetyenziswa njengezixhobo zoluhlaza.
Kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuvula isixhobo esinjalo, iingcali zikhethiwe kwaye zisebenzela uyilo ngokwalo, zinikwe yonke imigangatho.
Iimpawu zeemveliso zokhuni
Abavelisi basekhaya bavelisa i-interbar (ngaphakathi) izakhiwo zeplanga ngokungqinelana nezo ndwendwe okanye undwendwe. Kwinkqubo yoyilo, ubungakanani kunye neeparamitha zohlobo zikhethwe yizalathiso, zinikwe i-bandwidth efunekayo, ubungakanani befanitshala kunye nezixhobo. Ngokusisiseko, ububanzi beengcango zangaphakathi kukwisiphelo se-0.6 ukuya kwi-1 m - ukuba uyilo lilungu elinye, 1.4, 1.2, okanye i-1.8 m - i-biscuit. Igalelo le-Wooln eliKhethekileyo kunye neNkqubo yokuphuma inokuba bubukhulu be-1.2 okanye i-1.8 m.
Ukongeza, uyilo lomnyango kufuneka luhambelane nemilinganiselo ethile yamandla abonakalisiweyo kwiTheyibhile 1.
Itheyibhile 1-Amandla eMithetho yeMithetho
| Uhlobo lolwakhiwo | Ifakwe amandla | Ukulawulwa kothukile |
| Iingcango zeplanga ngaphakathi | Amashumi amathathu | 10 |
| Iminyango ifakwe emnyango wegumbi | 60. | Amashumi amabini |
| Iminyango ifakwe kwizakhiwo zemveliso, izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke nezendawo yokuhlala | 60. | Amashumi amathathu |
Ukuba sithetha ngoyilo locango, emva koko ithandwa kakhulu, enokubizwa ngokuba yi-classic ngasekunene, ukhetho luhamba ngeengcango zeplanga. Njengomthetho, babandakanya enye, isiqingatha okanye ezimbini zeSash.
Ukuze ugcine indawo kwigumbi kwaye isebenzise ngokufanelekileyo, unokufaka i-canvases esongelayo. Banokudibanisa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ze-SAsh kwaye njengokufana nomculo. Ebunye ukubaluleka kwethu, ikhuphoni yethu, eyenziwayo kumaphepha asekwenziwe emgangathweni ngeglasi okanye ngaphandle kwayo ngaphandle kwayo, uyayanda ngakumbi. Ngenxa yobunzima obunzima, bamiselwa kwizikhokelo ezimbini.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Khetha Khetha kwiiKhabhinethi zeKhabhinethi
Iimfuneko zobugcisa
Yonke ingenelo kunye nengaphakathi (ngaphakathi) izakhiwo zeplanga zenziwa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ye-TU ngobukhulu obuthile, iindidi kunye neendlela zomsebenzi osele zivunyiwe ngendlela esele ivunyiwe.
Ilahlekile ngemilinganiselo emibi eyenziweyo kwimveliso yempahla kunye neeyunithi zokwakha zenziwa ngokwe-5449, izalathiso eziya kuthi zilahliwe kuhlaselo lwe-2mm, kunye nezona zinto ziphezulu zeqela - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 mm.
Ngoku ngokweemfuno, kukho izikhombisi ezithile xa ufaka amakhompo ngokuxhomekeka kubungqingqwa bamacandelo afakiweyo. Amaxabiso adweliswe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Itheyibhile 2-Iindidi kunye nenombolo yoqhagamshelo oluqatha
| Indlela ye-angular uqhagamshelo ngenombolo ye-spikes | Ubukhulu, mm. | |
| iibhokisi | Iitawuli | |
| Phinda kabini okanye ungatshatanga | Akukho ngaphezulu kwe-80. | Akukho ngaphezulu kwe-40. |
| Kathathu okanye kabini | I-80-130. | 40-80 |
| Kathathu | Ngaphezulu kwe-130. | I-80. |
Iimpawu ze-PVC-uyilo
Kwi-PVC.
Namhlanje, iingcango ezinjalo zithandwa kakhulu kwimakethi yemveliso yokwakha, apho kwaboniswa khona ezi zinto zilandelayo zeplastiki ezivela kwizixhobo ze-PVC:
- indlela yokuvula evuthiweyo;
- Ngendlela yokufunyanwa ngokutyibilikayo.
Iingcango zeplastiki ezivela kwi-PVC zahlulwe zazezimpawu eziphambili (ngokoMgangatho we-30970-2002):
- ukuqeshwa;
- isisombululo esakhayo;
- Uhlobo lwe-PVC Aggregate-Igobolondo lomnyango;
- Inkqubo yeNkqubo yeProfayile;
- Ukugqiba kwakho.
Nje ukuba siqale ukusebenzisa iimveliso zeplasitiki zensimbi, kwavela imfuneko yokwenza izilungiso kwimigangatho yorhulumente. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwindima yeengcango zokungena kwaye kunyanzelekile ukuba kwenziwe ngokungqinelana neemfuno nemilinganiselo, hamba r 51072-97 yaphuhliswa. Ngayo, iindlela ezenziwayo ngenxa yokuchasana nenkunzi yenkomo kunye noyilo lweengcango lweminyango zilawulwa. Iindlela zokubala inqanaba lokudlulisela ubushushu Inqanaba le-266602.1-99. Inikezwe lo mgangatho, kwiiphaneli zesandwich yeengcango ze-PVC zensimbi zensimbi, esi salathisi masingabi ngaphantsi kwe-0.8 W / (m · k.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ukuphakama kwebhafu, umgangatho kunye neengcebiso zokufakwa
Iimfuneko zeengcango zeplastiki ezivela kwi-PVC, ezichaza iindlela zokumisela ukungcungcutheka kwamanzi kunye nokungafuneki komoya, zibonakaliswa kwi-26602.2-99-99. Ngayo, indlela ikhethiwe ngokucacileyo, iimeko ezifanele zenziwe phantsi kolu vavanyo. Imisela izikhombisi ezithile okokuba ukutywinwa kwezakhiwo zomnyango ze-PVC kufuneka zenziwe.
Ngena i-26602.3-99 ibandakanya iindlela zokumisela kunye nezikhombisi ze-inshurensi xa kufakelwa kwaye zivelise iimveliso zeplastiki ezivela kwi-PVC. Ezi ziikhrayitheriya zenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu, eziziswa kwiingcango zokungena zeplastiki zensimbi. Yiya i-26602.4-99 ilawula indlela apho ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kugqitywe. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba kukho indawo eyaneleyo yeefestile zefestile yendalo ngaphakathi kwezindlu zinemibutho yeplastiki.
Yintoni oyifunayo isiqinisekiso sezakhiwo
I-pvc
Izithethe zikaRhulumente azinakukwazi ukhusela abathengi abavela kubahluphekayo kwaye ziyingozi kwimicimbi yezempilo yabantu zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso somgangatho wemveliso, kodwa sivumela ukuba abavelisi bemveliso, betyhala igama labo.
Ke ngoko, ukuthenga nayiphi na imveliso ye-pvc okanye yeplastikhi yePV, kuyanyanzeleka ukuba ifune uxwebhu kuyo. Kuphela yinkampani eya kunika amaxwebhu umthengi kumgangatho ophezulu weemveliso zayo, unokufumana ukuzithemba. Olu xwebhu luyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba:
- Yonke imilinganiselo kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi wokwenza uyilo;
- Izinto ezingafunekiyo ezisetyenziselwa ukhuni kunye neembotyi ze-PVC, ezingenabungozi kwimpilo yabantu;
- Zonke iimveliso ziqinisekisiwe kuMvelisi;
- Ukufakwa kwezinto zezinto zetekhnoloji ngokweethekhnoloji ngokufanelekileyo.