Ngasemva kobusika obubandayo ebusika, umbuzo wokuba ungalungiselela amanzi ngeenkqubo zokufudumeza. Ulungiselelo olufanelekileyo lwamanzi lubalulekile kubanini beendawo zabucala, abangaqhandiswanga kwiziko lamatshi kunye nokufumana amanzi kwi-Wells okanye amaqula. Ukuba amanzi aqinile, iqulethe ukungcola komntu wesithathu, umzekelo, isinyithi okanye i-manganese, le ityhutywe ngokusilela njengabasebenzi bemibhobho yekhaya, kodwa kunye no-radiemines kunye nee-radiators.
Inkqubo yeNdlu yeNdlu yeLizwe.
Inqanaba lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo lomsebenzi
Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka ithathelwe ngaphambi kokucwangcisa amanyathelo onyango lwenkqubo yokufudumeza, ukuqhuba uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali lokwakhiwa kwamanzi.
Idume (a) kwaye icetywayo (b) amaqhinga okulungiselela amanzi ngokufudumeza: 1 - Isifudumezi samanzi; 2-I-heater heater heater; Ifriji; Itanki lesondlo; Iqokeleli eli-5-umqokeleli ophezulu; Iqokeleli eliphantsi; izibini; Qeqesha.
Unokuqhuba iimvavanyo ekhaya usebenzisa izixhobo zovavanyo ze-aquariums (zithengiswa nakweyiphi na ivenkile yezilwanyana). Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana amaxabiso achanekileyo kwaye alungiselele amanzi ngokufanelekileyo ngokufudumeza, kufuneka usebenzise iinkonzo zelebhu eqinisekisiweyo.
Amanzi ohlalutyo aqeshwa kwibhotile yeplastiki yamanzi okusela engafakwanga kunye nomthamo weelitha ezili-1.5. Ayamkelekanga ukusebenzisa iibhotile ukusuka emanzini amnandi kunye nezinye iziselo. Iplagi kwaye ibhotile ihlanjwe kakuhle ngamanzi athatyathwayo ukuhlalutya, kwaye isicoci asinakusetyenziswa. Amanzi ngaphambili aqulunqa imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 ukuba ayikhuphe isampulu yamanzi amileyo, kuba oku kunokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.
Ukuthintela ukuxeliswa kwamanzi ephuziweyo emoyeni ngeoksijini, ifunyenwe ngejethi ecekeceke, ukuze iqhubeke eludongeni lwebhotile. Amanzi agalelwe phantsi kwentamo. Ibhotile isongelwe ngokuqinileyo kwiplagi ukuze umoya ungayisebenzisi. Ioksijini ikhuthaza ukuhamba kweenkqubo zekhemikhali, kwaye oku kunokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Ukuba akukho nto inokwenzeka ukuba ithathe iisampulu kwilabhoratri, emva koko amanzi angagcinwa kwifriji (hayi kwifriji!), Kodwa kungabikho ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbini.
Inkqubo yokufudumeza.
Uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo lubandakanya iitsheki kwezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:
- ubungqola;
- intsimbi;
- IManganese;
- p (inqanaba leAcidity);
- I-oxidance isimilo (ibonisa ubukho bezinto eziphilayo zezinto eziphilayo emanzini);
- izimbiwa;
- I-Amomoium;
- Undenbugen wat
- I-turbidity, i-chromaticity, ivumba.
Ukuba kukho imfuneko, iisampulu zithathwa ngobukho bamantshontsho. Abanye babo, umzekelo, imilenze kunye ne-amds, ayikwazi nje ukubangela ingozi enkulu yempilo, kodwa inokuhlala ngaphakathi kwimibhobho, yenze ifilimu ye-mucous memmnene. Oku kunegalelo ekucoceni kwaye kuya kuba nzima umgangatho wokufudumeza.
Inqaku lesihloko: Senza amakhethini kwiibhotile zeplastiki: Iklasi enkulu
Inzima kakhulu kwaye ithambile kakhulu
Umzekelo wegumbi le-boiler yenkqubo yokufudumeza ebonelela ngokufakelwa okukhulu kunye nokufudumeza kunye nokulungiswa kwamanzi ashushu kwindlu yabucala, i-cottage, i-cottage, igumbi.
Izikhombisi eziqhelekileyo zokuqina - 7-10 mg-eq / l. Ukuba ixabiso lidlulisiwe, oko kuthetha ukuba amanzi anenani eligqithisileyo le-calcium kunye ne-magnesium. Xa inkxwayiza ityiwa iwela kwindawo efanelekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yikali. Ukuqokelelwa ngaphakathi kwemibhobho kunye neebhetri, isikali thixuthintela udluliselo lobushushu kwaye linegalelo ekunxibe inkqubo yokufudumeza.
Eyona ndlela ifikelelekayo yamanzi athambileyo abila. Ukuqhushumba kwe-thermal, i-carbon monoxide isusiwe, kwaye ke ngoko ke i-calcium ingqongqo incitshisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, inani elithile le-calcium lihlala lisemanzini, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ubungqingqwa bokubila akuyi kuphumelela.
Enye indlela yokucoca kukusetyenziswa kweefilitha ezinamachaphaza (ukungathathi cala), njenge: Lime, isoda ye-caustic, isoda esivumelekileyo. Amanzi aqinileyo adluliselwa kwiifilitha ezivela kwi-ion yotshintshiselwano, ngelixa i-potassium kunye ne-potassium kunye ne-magnesium itshintshwe i-sodium ion.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuthambisa zemagneti yezinto ezingagunyaziswanga zokunciphisa amanzi. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yemagnethi yemagnethi, iipropathi zokutshintsha kwamanzi ngendlela ye-potasium kunye ne-magnesium ilahlekelwa kukwazi ukwenza ngendlela eqinileyo kwaye ivele njenge-sludge eqinile. Nangona kunjalo, iityuwa zihlala zihleli emanzini kwaye kufuneka zilungele. Ukongeza, le ndlela ayisebenzi kangako kubushushu bamanzi ngaphezulu kwe-70-7-7 ye-degrees (i.e., iqondo lobushushu, iqhele i-boileters, izitshisi zamanzi kunye neezolekiso).
Ukucocwa okuthe tyaba kunye nokuthoba onke amanzi, ukuthambisa amanzi ukufudumeza kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ashushu (DHW).
Ukucocwa ngendlela yokubuyela umva kwe-osmosis kukujoyina amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-membrane ekhethekileyo, ukulibazisa izinto eziyingozi. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ususe ngokupheleleyo i-calcium kunye neetyuwa ze-magnesium, ezibangela ubungakanani. Kodwa le ndlela inezinto ezingalunganga: Iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo zokucoca kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi ngexesha lokucoca (kwilitha enye yamanzi acocekileyo, ezili-10 zidityaniswe kwi-manji).
Amanzi athambileyo athambileyo, umzekelo, imvula okanye uThala, onobungozi kwinkqubo yokufudumeza ayiphantsi kwengqondo, kuba i-calcium ye-calcimi yangathathi cala, inciphisa ukoyikeka. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imvula okanye ukunyibilika kwamanzi enkunkuma, kuyimfuneko ukuyinika iintsuku ezininzi kwaye ugaleleke, emva nje kokuqinisekisa ukuba i-PH iphakathi kwe-6.5-8, kodwa ingaphantsi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubume benziwe ngemibhobho engasasazekiyo, ingekafuduswa kwi-colososion.
Inqaku lesihloko: Isokethi kwigumbi lokuhlambela: Iimpawu zokukhetha kunye nokufakelwa
Iindlela zokuzonwabisa zamanzi
Ukuhlanjululwa ngokungxama, ukuchitheka kwakhona kokusebenza kunye nokungeva kwayo kuwo onke amanzi, ukupheliswa kwamanzi e-chlorine egqithisileyo kunye namanzi amanzi amaninzi, ukuthathwa kwamanzi ngenkqubo yokufudumeza kunye ne-DHW.
Owona mxholo uphakamileyo we-iron evumelekileyo emanzini kwiimfuno zobugcisa, ngakumbi, kwi-heations, akufuneki idlule kwi-1 mg / l. Isalathisi esifanelekileyo yi-0.3 mg / l. Intsalela yentsimbi ikhokelela ekulumkiseni umphezulu wemibhobho kunye nokuveliswa ngokutsha kwi-Galariment ye-bacteria, eyenzeka ngokukodwa kubushushu obungama-30 ukuya kwengama-30. Oku kukhokelela ekutsheni okukhawulezileyo kokunikezelwa kwamanzi okushushu kunye nokufudumeza.
Eyona ndlela ilula yokuthengiswayo kukuxazulula. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yeoksijini, intsimbi equlathwe emanzini ngokwayo iyi-oxidod, yenza i-rusty yediment. Ukuqhuba ukungalingani ngokuzimeleyo, uyakufuna itanki enkulu enesixhobo se-200-300 L kunye nesixhobo se-oxygen ye-oxygen: isiseko se-spygen
Amanzi akhokelayo, kuyasebenza nangokufanayo nokuthambisa, kukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokutshintsha i-osmosis. Kwakhona iifilitha ezifakiweyo nge-ion yokutshintshiselana. Ukuthintela ukuveliswa kwakhona kwe-furbring, i-chloritition (50 mg / l) isetyenzisiwe, kodwa kufanele kube njalo ukufumana ukuba zingakanani iindawo zokubonelela ngamanzi axhathisa i-chlorine.
Ukuba umxholo we-iron uphezu kwamanzi ngaphezulu kwe-5 mg / l (engaqhelekanga ukuba amanzi avela kwimithombo), emva koko ke ukucoca isanti ye-gucconitic, isetyenzisiwe. Ukuba udlule kwi-filter mesium esebenza njengeyona nto iphambili kwi-oxidation, amanzi asusa intsimbi, i-manganese kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide, ewela kwi-sediment. Xa ezi ntsiba ezinjalo zokucoca, kufuneka zihlanjwe ngezisombululo ezibuyiselweyo zomthamo we-oxidative (potassium isisiseko). Ifanele ikhunjulwe ukuba ngendlela enjalo ecocekileyo, imichiza eyonzakalisayo idibanisa inkqubo ye-logere, ke ivumelekile ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela ukuba kukho indawo esecaleni.
Ukususwa kongcoliseko lomatshini, i-manganese, i-microorganisms, ioksijini
Ukucocwa kwamanzi, ukungavisisani kweegesi ezichithwayo, ukuphefumla, ukucocwa komzimba, ukuthambisa kunye nokubulawa kwamanzi.
Ukususa ukungcola komntu wesithathu (isanti, i-Peat Peat, i-phyto kunye ne-zooplankton, i-zuyplankton, idongwe, izinto ezingcolileyo, izinto eziphilayo, zisetyenziswa ngokuzithandela okanye i-cartridges ezahlukeneyo. Ngobudenge onamandla kakhulu, izihluzo zoxinzelelo ezinomthwalo omncinci (i-quartz isanti, i-carbonbite, i-carbon esebenzayo, i-Anthract) ziyasetyenziswa.
Eyona nto icacileyo yobukho be-manganese yinto emnyama iphawula. Ukuxinaniso kwayo kunqabile ukudlula kwe-2 mg / L, kodwa kuxinzelelo lwe-0.05 MG / L, i-manganese inokubekwa eludongeni lombhobho, ithintelwe ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-manganese ichithwe emanzini kunye nezixhobo, ukuze idemon ivele kunye nokukhohlisa kwamanzi ngaxeshanye. Iifilitha ezine-ion isetyenziselwa ukususa i-manganese.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ukudalwa kwekhitshi ekhitshini - iifoto eziyi-100 zemizekelo eyenziwe ngezandla zakho
Ukufudukela amanzi, oko kukuthi, ukususwa kweentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, i-microorganisms elula, i-oyonition, i-chlorition, kunye ne-itradiation rays kunye ne-roys ye-5-300 NM.
Ukucocwa ngokungxama, ukuchitheka ngokutsha, ukuthambisa amanzi, ukupheliswa kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kunye nonyango lwamanzi okugqithisileyo, ukugqiba ukucoceka okuhle.
Indlela ye-iltradiolet yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokuphelisa intsholongwane emanzini phakathi kwezi zinto zingasentla, kuba ayichaphazeli ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, ukubetha kakhulu i-microorganisms. Ukungathobeli kwamanzi usebenzisa ufakelo lwe-UV lwenzeka kwimizuzwana embalwa.
Umsebenzi wamanzi oxhomekeke kakhulu kubukho beoksijini ichithiwe kuyo. Ireyithi yeoksijini echithiweyo yenkqubo evaliweyo nevulekileyo yokufudumeza iyafana kwaye ingabi ngaphezu kwe-0.05 mg / i-cuic metres. Ukunciphisa umxholo weoksijini emanzini, useto lokuphela kwezakhiwo kunye neekholamu ziyasetyenziswa.
Ukuze ioksijini ayingenisi iinkqubo zokufudumeza ngezinye iindlela (nomoya), kufuneka ulandele ingqibelelo kunye nokuqina kwenkqubo kwaye ungazamisi ngokukhawuleza, njengoko inegalelo kulwakhiwo lwe-jams yendlela yomoya. Ukuba iityhubhu ezivela kwizinto ezinobungozi zegesi, umzekelo, i-Polythylene okanye iPolypropylene isetyenziswa, kufuneka zikhuselwe ngumaleko we-aluminium.
Ukuhlamba inkqubo yokufudumeza ukuya kwinqanaba
Ukucocwa okuthe tyaba kunye nokuthoba onke amanzi, ukuthambisa kwamanzi, ukupheliswa kwe-chlorine yamanzi okugqithisileyo kunye nonyango lwamanzi amaninzi, i-Ultraviolet Distlesulelo.
Ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamanzi kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza kubandakanya: ukucoceka koomatshini ngokuchasene nongcoliseko, ukuncitshiswa, intlango, ukususwa kweManganese kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko kunye nokubulala intsholongwane. Ukugcwalisa inkqubo yokufudumeza, amanzi anqatyisiweyo afanelekile, avutha, thaia okanye imvula. Amanzi okufudumeza kunye ne-corrosion kunye ne-inhibitors ithengiswa kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo. Kulungile kuba akufuneki ukuba zilungiswe ngaphambi kokugcwalisa inkqubo yokufudumeza.
Elona lungiselelo licokisekileyo aliyiphelisi isidingo sokulandela inkqubo yokufudumeza, ngakumbi kwindlu yabucala. Ngolwaphulo-mthetho olubonakalayo kumgangatho wokusebenza kweebhetri, inkqubo yokuhlamba yenziwa. Ukudibana kwamanzi ngale nto, emva koko i-radiators ichithwa. Umzantsi webhafu ugutyungelwe ngamaqhina, umngxunya ogutyungelweyo ugutyungelwe nge-mesh ukuze iziqwenga zesikali ezinqabileyo aziyi kufika apho. Emva koko, iradi ye-radiator ngeeplagi ezikhutshelweyo ziziswa kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
Ukugungxulwa kwenziwa nge-hose eguquguqukayo, isusa amanzi eshawari. I-radiator ngexesha lokuhlamba kufuneka iguqulwe ngamanye amaxesha. Ibha yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukukhupha iziqwenga ezinkulu zenqanaba. Ukugqitywa kokugungxula xa iziqwenga zamanqanaba kunye namanzi kuyayeka ukuhlamba i-radiator kwaye amanzi abonakalayo.