Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Anonim

Tsala iintaka kwindawo kwaye iluncedo kwaye imnandi. Kuluncedo kuba batshabalalisa izinambuzane, zintle - zimamele ukucula kwabo kwaye babukele indlela yokuziphatha kweentaka. Ke ngoko, umbono uye wabaninzi - ukwakha igumbi lentaka ngezandla zabo. Abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40, kwangaxeshanye banokukhumbula iminyaka yezikolo: amakhwenkwe enza izindlu kwiintaka ezikolweni. Kodwa kungekuphela nje abanini beeploti benza iintaka zentaka. Rhoqo, abahlali bezakhiwo ezixhonywe emithini kufutshane nendlu, kwiibhalkhoni kunye nelogias.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ukucula iintaka ndifuna ukuba ndibabekelwe ngeqhayiya

Kwenziwe ntoni

Impendulo ayiqinisekanga-ukusuka kwiinkuni, kunye ne-hardwood: inkoloseko kakhulu. I-resin inokuwisa i-plumage, eya kukhokelela ekufeni kwentaka. Sukusebenzisa zombini phaneur, i-chipboard okanye i-OSB. Kumanqanaba anje, umntu unqabile ukuhlala: iglue kunye ne-binders. Ngesizathu esinye, siqokelela kwaye sibambe izikhonkwane kwizikhonkwane okanye isikrelem, asisebenzisi iglu.

Rhoqo, oonomoya beentaka zenziwa eziplanga. Ubuninzi beBhodi-ingaphantsi kwe-20 mm. Oku kuphakama kwanele ukugcina iqondo lobushushu elizinzileyo ngaphakathi, elibalulekileyo xa usenza amantshontsho. Ngapha koko, iibhodi ziyafuneka ezingapheliyo, nangayiphi na imeko, umphezulu wangaphakathi kufuneka ube rhabaxa. Umphambili wevalicity ukwaphuphuma ngokuthe ngqo: Kule nkuku amantshontsho kunye neentaka zinyuka ziye kumqhubi wenqwelomoya.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Udonga oluphantsi komqhubi lukrwada

Ukuze xa bethetha iBhodi, abazange baphuke, imingxunya icekeceke phantsi kwezikrelemnqa. Ububanzi-mncinci kakhulu kunokuba ububanzi be-screw.

Ubungakanani beentaka zeentaka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeentaka

Ukutsala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentaka, ubungakanani bendlu kufuneka batshintshe. Ubukhulu becala "umzimba" kunye nomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Umsebenzi kukwakha okungaqhelekanga kolu hlobo lwe-nish.

Jonga iintakaImilinganiselo yeDNAUkuphakama kobudeUbungakanani beletaPhawula
SkillsyI-10 * 10 cmI-30-40 cmmalunga ne-5 cmUmqhubi wenqwelomoya ukhetha umjikelo
I-Synicnik - Tits, Mhololovka, Gorikhvostlika, i-sparrows, i-sparrowI-10-12 cm25-30 cm30-35 mmUmqhubi wenqwelomoya
I-blue okanye i-muffin encinci (i-muffin (i-flousers, ethe tyaba)I-10 * 8 cm25-30 cmI-30 mm
Isiqingatha.I-10 * 8 cmI-20 cmUkuphakama 330 mm ngobubanzi obugcweleyo eludongeniIleta-i-wap ye-boritudinal kumvuzo wonke wodonga lwangaphambili

Njengoko ubona etafileni, ukuphakama kuphela kukutshintsha ngokusisiseko. Ububanzi buhlala bungaphezulu okanye buzinzile. Akukho zindlu zentaka. Baza kukhuthaza ukuhlehlisa amaqanda amaninzi, kwaye inani elikhulu leenkukhu lingayi kuzaliswanga ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yoko, inzala iya kuba buthathaka kwaye kunokubakho inkohliso kwaye kunokubakho inkohliso.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Zeziphi iintaka eziza kuhlala kuzo?

Ukuba ufuna ukutsala i-wagtail, yenza igumbi lentaka libekwe: ukuphakama kwayo kuya kuba yi-10-12 cm, kwaye ububanzi yi-35-40 cm, kunye nentsika encinci encinci emalunga phakathi. I-wigsaw imilenze ebuthathaka, kwaye ayikwazi ukukhwela eludongeni oluphakamileyo ukuya kumqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ke ngoko, ukhetho olunjalo lokuzila. Kumza ogungqiweyo, kukhethwa ngokukhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwi-10 cm ububanzi - ukuze bahambe ngeenyawo.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Bunner yokungcungcutheka

Ezinye iinkcazo zifuna i-tungerge. Ezinye iintaka ziqhelekile kwindlwane engabezinga, kodwa kwiindawo eziphakathi kwamasebe. Kwisahlulo esivalekileyo kakhulu, baya kuthi bawele. Ukuba ufuna ukutsala, umzekelo, iimpukane ezingwevu, uzenzele ibhokisi encinci, apho umqhubi wenqwelomoya uya kububanzi obungaphambili.

Inqaku le-ardatical ngezandla zabo

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-herdspeire yeempukane ezingwevu

Gcina nje ukhumbula ukuba kukho iintlobo ezithile zeprotein kwezi zindlu.

Kukho enye imbaleki engaphezulu, ehlala ifana neentaka ngaphezulu - i-doupel. Le yigumbi lentaka, isidenge ukusuka kwisiqwengana sezinto zokungena. Ukusika rhoqo kwi-crabble yeenkuni ezomileyo, ukuguqula ibe ngamagumbi eentaka. Ukuphakama kunye nobubanzi bukhethiwe ngokusekwe kubuchule obubonakaliswe kwindlwane yesiqhelo. Ezantsi kunye nophahla kwi-doupel zenziwe kwisiqwengana sebhodi emnyama.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Doupelka - igumbi lokulala kwilog

Ukuba kwiqela leflaya lincinci, isiciko sikhuthaza. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuthathela ingqalelo i-perides kwi-parasites. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka: Iintaka zihlala kumqolo kangangeminyaka eliqela, kwaye emva koko uyeke ukwabelana. Ngaphakathi nje kweparasites kusasazeke. Emva kokususa isiciko kwaye ukuphosa imbiza endala, incwadi yeNkumba igutyungelwe ngamanzi abilayo. Oku kuyenzeka ngokwaneleyo. Unokuqhubela phambili ngaphakathi ngesisombululo esibuthathaka seManganese (ipinki encinci).

Ukhuseleko

Ihlazo kwaye uxolo xa izidleke zentaka zonakalisiwe. Bazibandakanya ikakhulu kwiikati, kunye ne-dyatatli. Ke ngoko, xa usenza igumbi lentaka ngezandla zakho, wande iintsontelo zophahla. Phantse yonke imizobo, itsalwa ngobude obuyi-5 cm. Ukuze ukhusele igumbi lentaka kwikati, kufuneka lenze ukuze angakwazi ukufikelela kwimpukane. Oku, uphahla kufuneka lwenze okungenani i-7 cm kune-7 cm, kwaye kungcono ukongeza isibini-kwiimeko ezinkulu. Lo mfanekiso uza kukhusela ngokuchasene nemvula ye-Ablique: Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba amantshontsho aya kufumana indlala kancinci.

Olunye ukhetho kukugcwalisa izikhonkwane kwisivalo. Ikati akunakulindeleka ukuba izalwe, kodwa ayizukukhululwa ukuba ihlale phantsi - abayi kunika izipikili.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Yenza umphezulu wophahla ngakumbi ukuze ikati ingafikelela kwimingxunya

Ukukhusela amantshontsho avela kwiDyatlov kukho iindlela ezininzi:

  • Khetha i-tin idolophu:
  • Sela izikhonkwane ezininzi ujikeleze umqhubi;
  • Ukondla iinkuni ezingaphezulu kweenkuni, iifibles ezihamba ngokuthe tye.

Yonke le nto iya kuthintela i-dyatlu ukuba inyuse iflaya kwaye ifike kumaqanda okanye amantshontsho. Iqhinga lokugqibela sisikhonkwane - ikwalungceliselwe lucelomngeni lwekati: Kuyinto engakumbi yokufikelela kwinkukhu.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Amanyathelo ngokuchasene neentshaba: 1 - Ukusuka kwiDyatlov, 2.3 - kwiikati

Ukusuka kwiikati kwaye abahlali abanokubakho basagcinwa besebenzisa iibhanti zokukhusela. Benze okanye bahlukane nemigca ye-tin okanye kwi-roby ". Uya kuyiqonda yonke into, ujonge umfanekiso. Qaphela ukuba imigama idinga ukumelana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3-4 cm. Ke izilwanyana aziyi kukwazi ukutsiba ngaphezulu kwebhanti ezikhuselayo. Akufuneki kubekho tetch, ochithe kunye nezinye iinkxaso ezinokubakho phakathi kwazo kunye nendlwane.

Aphi

Phila phi igumbi lentaka - nesayensi. Ukuba unyuka eqokelele emthini, emva koko, kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-2,5-3 yeemitha. Kufutshane nomthi okhethiweyo akufuneki zibe ziindlela okanye i-retaly meta - kakuhle, ibhentshi, njl.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Khetha indawo leyo ifuna ngokuchanekileyo

Ukukhetha indawo emthini, khethelele ukuba kungabi namasebe amakhulu phambi kweveni: i-raid kufuneka ikhululeke. Kwangelo xesha, kunyanzelekile ukuba banxibe ukuze ndibukele "iwindow" emazantsi. Yonke le nto inyusa amathuba okuba abaqeshi baya kuhlala emqaleni wakho.

Omnye umzuzu: Ukubopha okanye ukugula, ukuze "indlu" yathunyelwa phambili. Ke amantshontsho aya kuba lula ukuphuma, kwaye imvula encinci iya kufumana amanqaku.

Indlela yokwenza igumbi lebhanki lenza ngokwakho: Ingxelo yeFoto

Siza kwenza ukhetho olukhanyayo - nophahla olucekeceke. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, sithatha iibhodi ezingekho phantsi kwe-hardwood ezingakhange zibe ngama-20 mm. Ukuthintela isihloko, sebenza ngcono kwiigloves. Ngokomzobo, ukusika i-umsebenzi. Zama ukuze imikhono igudile kwaye kwii-angles ezichanekileyo: Makungabikho zibuthathaka. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhwaza amantshontsho ngaphandle kwe-plumage, kwaye eyona uyiloyileyo ingabatshabalalisa. Ke ngoko, yonke imiphetho kufuneka injalo.

Inqaku lesihloko: Zeziphi iifestile zeplastiki eziphezulu: Ukhetho loMvelisi

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Umzobo wobungakanani be-bunny

Thatha izipikili ezinde ezincinci-Ububanzi be-1.5-2 mm, ubude be-4-5 cm kunye ne-hammer. Siyaqala indibano. Kwinxalenye yangaphambili kwii-angles ezichanekileyo ozondla ii-seadewalls. Kwizipikili nganye okanye ezine.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Siqala ukwakha incwadi yeNkundla

Ukujika ngaphezulu komsebenzi ngokubhabha, uthathe ezantsi, uyifake, lungelelanisa. Isikhonkwane ukuya kwicala lasecaleni. Phezulu ekugubungele udonga lwasemva, kunye nesipikili. Ungalibali malunga nokuqhagamshela udonga lwangasemva kunye ne-Eadewalls.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Faka ezantsi kunye nesikhonkwane eludongeni olungasemva

Ukujika phezulu phezulu, isikhonkwane ezantsi kwaye kweli cala. Kuhlala kuqokelela uphahla. Sithatha isikwere esisele-uphuphu esezantsi, uyayifaka ukuze i-Trumpor inamathela ngaphambili i-5 cm (ilunge ngakumbi kune-7-10 cm, njengoko babetshilo ngaphambili). Ukuba izikhonkwane zinxiba, zibeke.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Siqokelela kwaye sifake uphahla

Uphahla kufuneka lufake ngokuqinileyo. Ukuba kukho into ephazamisayo, sisebenzisa i-chisel. Yiyo yonke loo nto, igumbi lentaka lilungile ngokulula.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Iintaka ziya kulunga kwaye zingenamntu ongamaziyo

Rhoqo phantsi kwentsika ibeke i-Pranch. Ngaba uyayifuna okanye akunjalo? Ukuba kukho amasebe aneleyo-Kulungile ukuba ungakwenzi. Ukuba akukho masebe, uyafuna okanye wenze i-barfill okanye ishelufa encinci, nangona unokwenza ngaphandle kwazo. Ngoba? Kungenxa yokuba iikati zikwasekwe kubo kwaye zifikelele kumantshontsho ngenkxaso yazo zilula.

Uyenza njani ividiyo ye-sinik iVile

Ukwenza i-Duplinka-Igumbi lebhanki kwilog

Ukuba abantu basePennate baya kuba nokukhetha-ukuba bazinzise kwi-Dupelka okanye kwigumbi lebhanki eziplanga - baya kukhetha i-doupel. Ijongeka ngakumbi njengeyona nto iqhelekileyo "izindlu" - umngxunya, akukho zibuko emacaleni kwaye, ngoba - zifudumele. Babonakale kakhulu emthini, okuthetha amathuba amaninzi okukhulisa inzala. Ezi zizibonelelo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iintaka. Ngoku malunga nezibonelelo ezivela kwindawo ethi "Abavelisi": Umthi owileyo uza kusebenza, kwaye simahla. Ukuba ifunyenwe ifanelekile - yanele inani elikhulu leentaka. Malunga nemizuzu-yenza i-uppels ixesha elide kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukuphosa i-core, ishiya iindonga zicocekile.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ukusuka kwi-dupelinka

Ngoku malunga nendlela yokufumana irmy efanelekileyo. I-Aspen ilunge kakhulu: Iyunithi ihlala ngaphakathi, kwaye ihlala iqinile ecaleni komda wangaphandle. Ke ngoko, siya kukhangela kwi-OSINK, kwaye apho phakathi kwemithi iwile sikhangela ifanelekile: Sisika izithuko ezininzi. Kubalulekile ukufumana umphetho wonke kunye nokubola phakathi komsebenzi kuya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Kucetyiswa ukufumana i-Apen-kunye nePhabatha eliPhathisiweyo, kodwa imiphetho eyomeleleyo

Rhoqo, umthi onjalo unomnqweno obolekileyo, apho imbonakalo yabo ingafanelekanga. I-Corara ikholelwa, ngena kwi-cottage okanye endlwini. Apho sisika ubukhulu obufanelekileyo kwizibuthathaka. Imilinganiselo igqitywe bububanzi. Ngeenyawo, ububanzi beDunde yeDunde kufuneka babe ngama-22-30 cm, ngokwahlukeneyo - ngokwangaphandle-27-36 cm. I-CM.

Ukuphakama kwecawe kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwendlu-i-cinemifer evavanyiweyo ye-20-40 cm (kodwa ihlala iphantsi), i-bird hose-ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-45 cm. Ukususela kwi-30 ukuya kwi-45 cm. Ukususela kwi-35 cm. Ukususela kwi-30 ukuya kwi-45 cm. , eya kuba sezantsi, igudile, kwaye iphezulu - phantsi kotyekelo oluncinci-i-sedips ukusuka kwibhokisi yophahla. Ngophahla lwemveliso kunye neebhotile, kuya kubakho iibhodi zokulungisa, unokusebenzisa ezingcolileyo neveranda.

Inqaku lesihloko: Yeyiphi ipeyinti yepeyinti ye-upect yeglasi: ihlasekile i-Latex ye-Latex kunye ne-ACryclic

Sithatha i-chorbachka ebiyikisiwe kwaye siqala ukukhetha i-core chisel. Umsebenzi kukubamba ngomngxunya. Emva koko, nkqu neenkuni ezingqongqo kulula ukuyiliwa. Ukuze inkqubo ihambe ngokukhawuleza, unokuntywila imingxunya yokurhuqa, emva koko phula i-jumper nge-chisel.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Umsebenzi-wehla ngomngxunya

Njengommiselo, i-core ebolileyo iphela ngokukhawuleza, kuya kufuneka uthobe iinkuni ngoncedo lwe-chisel kunye nesando okanye ukumkanikazi. Kodwa ngomngxunya kwiziko kulula kakhulu - iziqwenga zexesha elide ziqengqele, umsebenzi uza ngesantya esiqhelekileyo.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Sisebenza uChisel kunye neHammer

Iindonga kufuneka zihlale zimalunga ne-1.5-3 cm. Embindini izama ukusebenza ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi igudileyo, ngaphandle kweetshipsi ezinkulu. Xa zinyulelwe iindonga, sihamba ngeflaya. Ukuba kukho i-bitch-ungayisula. Okanye uthatha i-kork kunye ne-drill, idrill kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ukuba izithsaba azikho, sithatha idrill eqhelekileyo, idrale kwisangqa somngxunya, ke, ngoncedo lwee chisile ezifanayo, zisike amathunzi aseleyo.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Buller ngezandla zabo kwilog iphantse ilungele

Ezantsi kukho iqhekeza leebhodi ezinobunzima be-2-2.5 cm. Ithethwe ngezipikili okanye ibotshelelwe kwizikhonkwane. Amalungu aphelayo anqunyulwe kufutshane neendonga.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ezantsi kwezantsi

Ihlala ikhusela uphahla. Ibhodi enye okanye uphondo. Ngaphambi kokukroba izikrelemnqa, imingxunya ye-drill, kungenjalo iBhodi ingahlulwa.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Fake uphahla

Ngokwenyani, sele wenze igumbi lebhanki ngezandla zam, ihlala ikhusela kwi-dyatlov. Ukuba kukho i-swirls ezindongeni, kunqweneleka ukuhlamba ngeplastiki (eqhelekileyo, umntwana). Banokuvala izithuba ezihlala phakathi kwezantsi nophahla kunye neendonga: Kunqabile ukuba ifumaneke ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba awufuni kunuka iplasitiki, ungawela intambo yepeni. Isetyenziselwa umsantsa, kwaye iqhube kuyo, iscrewdriverriver (ngokubanzi, kukho amabala akhethekileyo ekhathalelwe, kodwa zizinto ezimbi, ukuba zithenge ...). Ukuba "ihamba" kakubi, unokunkqonkqoza kwisibambo nge-hammer.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Konopka "Swiss" yi-hemp rope

Ungayihlonela njani indlu yendlwana

Ngelixa igumbi lentaka litsha, ijongeka lilungile, kodwa emva kokuba inene inyamakazi. Kwiintaka, oku kulungile - kuya kuba mncinci kwaye baya kuphumelela kuphela. Kodwa ayingabo bonke abanini bamakhaya athanda ukujonga oko 'ngumhlobiso onjalo. " Ukuphucula imbonakalo, igumbi lentaka linokupeyinta, kuphela imibala yokukhetha "yendalo" - indalo "- emdaka, ingwevu, imithunzi eluhlaza. Ufuna ukuba iintaka zakho ziphile? Ke indlwane yabo mayibe yimaski, kwaye ingayi kupeyinta kuyo yonke imibala yomnyama, ekutsaleni kubo bonke abaxhaphazi.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ke iinkuni zikhangeleka ngathi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-doupelka ehlotywe inomdla

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Creative inokukhuseleka kwiintaka)

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Inketho zeDupels zokuyila

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ukuba indlu enjalo ixhonywe kwi-birch, iyabonakali

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ifom engaqhelekanga

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Kwaye le yeyona nto ilungileyo - akukho rocks phantsi)

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Synicnik poppen

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Ukuhonjiswa okuhle kunye nokufihla

Sinethemba lokuba ngoku awunakwenza kuphela igumbi lentaka ngezandla zakho, kodwa ngokwazi (ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iintaka) ukuyibonisa.

Imizobo enemizobo

Ezinye iipomu zokunikezela zikwisicatshulwa, ndithumela enye kweli candelo. Ukulungisa ubungakanani phantsi kwabahlali abacwangcisiweyo "kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukho ngxaki. Qaphela ukuba i-TAB inikezwe iBhodi ye-2 ye-2 cm ubukhulu be-2 cm ubukhulu becala. Ngonyuso lokunyuswa okanye ukunciphisa ubukhulu, uhlengahlengiso luyimfuneko.

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Bigner ngophahla lonxantathu: umzobo, ubungakanani

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

I-Buncher ngophahla lonxantathu: Ulwazi

Ungayenza njani igumbi lebhanki: ukusuka kwiiplanga kunye neelogo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo

Igumbi lentaka enophahla olutyelweyo (ludonga lwangaphambili)

Funda ngokugqithisileyo