Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Anonim

Ngokwesiqhelo indawo yelizwe efunyenweyo yinxalenye yentsimi yemitha yokhula. Ukulwa "kwi-flora" yasendle ", kuyimfuneko kuhlobo oluthile lokusabela - ukuze uphumle, afumane amandla kwinqanaba elitsha lomzabalazo. Yakha indlu kwintsimi ecocekileyo ayisosithembiso esifanelekileyo, kangaka sicinga ngokuthatha indawo yokuhlala okwexeshana. Ukuba uyayithanda intuthuzelo, nasentsimini, i-dacha yegumbi elinamagumbi amabini e-dacha kunye nendlu yangasese kwaye ishawa yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo.

Izixhobo

Nangona inganinzi kwimarike yezinto zokwakha, kuphela yeyona ilula, isebenza kwaye ayibizi isetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweekhabhani. Iikhabhathi ezimbini zithathwa kuqala njengenketho yethutyana-kwizicwangciso zokwakha indlu. Kodwa isakhiwo sihlala sikhula ngokuqinileyo ', nokuba yindlu yeendwendwe, okanye ikhitshi lasehlotyeni, okanye isebenzise enye indlela. Ke, nokuba bagqibe kwelokuba yayiyindlela yexeshana, khetha izixhobo kunye nobungakanani obusekwe lula.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Ikhaya leLizwe kuqala livela kwicebo

Iinkuni

Rhoqo, isiseko selizwe lethu sakhiwe enkuni. Ayikho njengokubanda ebusika, kwaye ayishushu kangako ehlotyeni. Kwizakhiwo ezikuko, inqanaba elifunekayo lokufuma lixhaswa ngokwenyani. Ke ngoko, siziva sikhululekile kwiikhabhathi zeplanga.

Isidima samakhaya aphunyithi sisininzi sabo. Kukho izinto ezinjalo nakwiitayile zemoto okanye zakhiwe phezu kweebhloko nganye yokwakha. Kwaye baziva beqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, ikhaya lelizwe elinomthi kunye nendlu yangasese kwaye ishawa yindlela elungileyo.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Indlu yelizwe elonqena nendlu yangasese kunye neshawari - eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo

Kodwa ukuze isakhiwo silungile, ukhathalelo oluqhelekileyo luyafuneka kwimithi. Kuyimfuneko ukuphinda uqalise ukhuseleko kunye nokuhombisa. Iya kuba yintoni-upenti, i-varnish, iinkuni zeenkuni-khetha kuwe, kodwa yimfuneko ukuhlaziya ukuthuthuka. Rhoqo-kanye ngonyaka, qho kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokudibana. I-oils idla ngokuhlaziywa kube kanye kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, ipeyinti kunye ne-varnish-kanye ngonyaka okanye ezimbini. Le yimfuneko ikude kakhulu. Okokuqala, iindleko ze-varnish / ipeyinti, okwesibini, ixesha lokususa ukuthuthuza kunye nokusebenzisa entsha (akuyimfuneko ukususa ioyile, kule meko ukuhlangana kuyahlaziywa).

Ukunqongophala kwenkuni kubalulekile yingozi yomlilo. Kwaye kunzima ukujongana nayo. Ewe, phambi kolwakhiwo, umbandela ubhujiswa kunye noAntipherens, kodwa ukuba lukhanyiswe, aluyi kuyisindisa.

Intsimbi

Iikhabhathi zensimbi ziyimpumlo, kodwa ayikhululekanga ukuba ihlale kuzo. Okokuqala, inkqubo yokufihlakeleyo iyafuneka. Ukuthintela indlu yokuvula ifestile emnyango kukude. Ke ngoko, uvelwano kufuneka luthathwe. Yenza ukuba kulwakhiwo oluncinci kulula, kodwa ezi ziingxaki ezongeziweyo kunye neendleko.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Intsimbi ye-cottage ye-Cottage yegumbi lokulala ezimbini kunye nendlu yangasese

Ukongeza, ngokuncipha kweqondo lobushushu, kubanda kakhulu kwintsimbi yangaphambili, kwaye kunzima ukuyitshisa - intsimbi ikhawuleza ifake ubushushu. Kodwa ehlotyeni kwisakhiwo esifana kakhulu. Ilanga lifaka umphezulu kunye nezinto ezimangalisayo ziyamangalisa. Nokuba esitratweni asishushu. Ngokuyinxalenye yoyiswa le meko inokusolula i-appeng, kodwa isisombululo siza kunceda kuphela ngokuyinxenye. Ilanga liya kuba lifudumele, nangona liye kumgangatho omncinci.

Omnye ukunqongophala kweeseli ezinjalo kwi-cottage yinto enkulu. Awuyi kuyifaka kwiibhloko ze-Slag- ufuna isiseko esomeleleyo ngakumbi esinokumelana nobunzima besinyithi kunye nemeko ngaphakathi. Ukongeza, kufuneka ipeyintiwe. Kuba ngaphandle kwepeyinti yentsimbi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba inkangeleko ibalulekile.

Olunye ukhetho

Iinkuni kunye nentsimbi-kude kakhulu kwezinto kuphela onokuthi wenze izindlu zehlobo. Iikopi ezivela kwezinye izinto ziyathengiswa azifane zisakhe, kodwa ungazakha ngezandla zakho ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba uneva, akunzima kuwe, kwaye ukuba akukho mava, kuya kuba njalo. Uqeqesho oluhle, oluya kuba luncedo kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba awuyi kwakha indlu, awuzokwakha, kuya kufuneka ubeke iGazebo kule ndawo, emva koko wenze ibhentshi, ikona yabantwana okanye enye into. Ewe, kwaye kuba abakhi bagqibezele iimpazamo ziya kuba nazo. Ke ukwakhiwa okuzimeleyo kwehotele sisiqalo esihle.

Inqaku lesihloko: Ikhethini eliqengqelekayo ebantwaneni: Iingcebiso zokukhetha

Ke, yile nto enye enokwenziwa yikhaya le-cottage:

  • Yakha kwitekhnoloji yeplani. Iiracks zinokuba zentsimbi okanye zokhuni, i-cheng yindawo yokufuma emanziweyo (OSP, umswakama unganyangeki i-Plywood). Ukufakwa kwakhona-ngesiqhelo uboya obuneminerali, kodwa bunokuba ngumoyeni wepolystyrene.

    Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

    Isakhelo silungile

  • Iipaneli zesandwich. Esi sixhobo silungele ukwakhiwa kwe-irimed hozpoops. Iindonga zitshintshelwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Thabatha yimigca emibini yentsimbi ngokudumisa ngaphakathi.

Ukusuka kwezi zinto, zafunyanwa izibonelelo zangaphambili. Ukukhululeka ngakumbi kuya kubakho kwi-skeleton. Ukuba kukho ukucwangcisa ukusebenzisa ixesha elide, le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Ukuba kukho igumbi lasekhaya emva kokwakhiwa kwendlu erhoxisiweyo kwigumbi lokuzibeka, ukhetho lwakho yiphaneli yesandwich.

Ilizwe 2 Iinguqu zegumbi lokulala kunye nendlu yangasese kunye neshawari: ubungakanani kunye nesakhiwo

Olona khetho lufanelekileyo kwigadi okanye i-cottage yi-dacha yeli lizwe ezimbini zegumbi lokulala kunye nendlu yangasese kunye neshawari. Eyona nto iphambili, le sele indlu yamazwe amancinci. Ukusebenza, nakwindawo, kunye nokwenza lula ukusebenza. Kwaye yiyo loo nto ukuba u-odola indlu yendawo enye, kuya kukubiza i-25-30% ibiza kakhulu kunehotele. Ezi ziimpawu ezinomdla.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Ukutya amagumbi amabini kunye nokungena okwahlukileyo

Ubungakanani: Yintoni elula ngakumbi

Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo beKhabhinethi ziimitha ezingama-3-3,5. Ngobubanzi begumbi, iyasebenza kwaye ilungile. Nokuba ubude beekhabhathi ziimitha ezi-6, unokwenzakalisa embindini wendlu yangasese kunye neshawa, emacaleni, amagumbi.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Ilizwe 2 Indlu yegumbi lokulala kunye nendlu yangasese kunye nehlambu i-6 * iimitha ezi-3

Ukutya kunye neshawari kunye nendlu yangasese ilula- onke amagumbi afunekayo kuhlaselo lwe-Onaoy. Ngokukodwa uxabisa ngexesha lemvula, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekwindla. Kodwa ukuba ubude betreyila ziimitha ezi-6 kuphela, amagumbi anciphile - iimitha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.

Iya kuba sisiphumo ngakumbi kumagumbi ukuba ubude behotele buza kuba ziimitha ezisibhozo. Awunako ukwandisa ububanzi. Emva koko amagumbi sele malunga nezikwere ezili-9, esele ifanelekile ukuba ibe ngumntu ofanelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, igumbi lokulala lamashumi amabini anegumbi lokulala kunye nendlu yangasese kwaye ishawa efanelekileyo kufanele ukuba ibe nobungakanani beemitha ezi-3.

Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo: buza ngokuvela kwezempilo

Ke, sagqiba kwelokuba ubuncinci be-dat yegumbi le-DACA yeLizwe le-DAC Chachan enendlu yangasese kunye neshawari-3 * iimitha ezi-3, iimitha ezi-8 * zine-8 yeemitha. Kodwa zikho ezinye izinto.

'Yabona, "kwifom" enyulu ", ethathela ingqalelo ubukhulu beendonga ngaphakathi kwegumbi kuya kuba malunga ne-2,5-2.6 Ububanzi becala kunye ne-2.8-2.6 ngobude obusibhozo be-miter. Vumelani, oku akwanele. Unokubeka ibhedi kuphela kwigumbi elinjalo. Phakathi kodonga kunye ne-backst yayo kuya kuhlala kuyinto emxinwa engenako ukusetyenziswa. Phambi kwebhedi (iyure enye) iya kuba nendawo encinci kakhulu onokuyifumana itafile esecaleni kwebhedi encinci.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Imuvi 5 * 4 -Izikhala zanele ukufumana ulungiselelo lobomi olufanelekileyo

Ke ukuba kunokwenzeka, ububanzi bangaphandle kukhethwa ukuba banyukele kwiimitha ezi-3,5. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukusebenza, kufanelekile, kodwa kungena nzuzo kwezoqoqosho. Ayikokuphela kwenani lezixhobo ezifunekayo. Iya kukwanda, kodwa ayininzi kakhulu. Inqaku likwinani elikhulu lokutyumba, kuya kwenzeka. Iibhodi ezisemgangathweni kunye nobude bemithi-ubude beemitha ezi-6. Ke ubukhulu obufanelekileyo yi-3 ngeemitha ezi-6. Kodwa, njengoko bafumanisayo, akakhululekanga kakhulu. Kunye nobude bendawo ezi-8 zeemitha, kukho iziqwenga ezi-4 zeemitha. Ke owesibini ngobukhulu obufanelekileyo, ekufuneka abe nelizwe kwigumbi lokulala emibini langaphambili kunye nendlu yangasese kunye neshawari-8 * iimitha ezi-8. Kule meko, inani lokutyala liya kuba lubalulekile kakhulu. Ke iindleko aziyi kuba ngaphezulu.

Ukuba ukhetho olunjalo lubonakala lukhulu, ungaya kwenye indlela - ukuthenga inxenye yezinto zokwakha ii-malomers-iimitha ezi-2 okanye ezo zicali ozifunayo. Zikwimigca yonke ye-wabmill kwaye kuba ziyimali eseleyo, iindleko kwi-cube incinci kakhulu. Ke ukwanda kwendawo kunokukunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zezinto zokwakha.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Ubuncinci bobungakanani beekhabhathi ezinamachaphaza kunye nendlu yangasese-4 *, 4 m

Iikhabhathi ezibanzi zinengxaki enye kuphela: Unokuhambisa kuphela ngemvume yamapolisa ezendlela:

  • Ukuba ububanzi buya kuthi ga kwi-2,55 yeemitha, iimvume azidingeki.
  • Ukusuka kwi-2.55 m ukuya kwi-3.50 m-imvume ebhaliweyo.
  • Ngaphezulu kwe-3.55 yeemitha-ihamba kunye nomatshini wamapolisa wendlela.

Ungakuchukumisa kuphela ukuba uza kuyihambisa kwenye indawo okanye ulungele ukuthenga ilungisa. Ukuba uyayakha okanye u-oda kwinkampani, akufuneki ubenexhala.

Izinketho zokucwangcisa ikhaya legumbi lokulala ezimbini

Enye yeendlela ezithandwayo zokusebenzisa iiseli zegumbi ezimbini zegumbi lokulala-kwigumbi elinye ukwenza ikhitshi kunye negumbi lokutyela. Kwaye zenza ikhwelo, elityatyambile ngokuthe ngqo ikhitshi kunye negumbi lokuhlala. Iingcango ezintle kwaye mhlawumbi isahlulo esishushu siyadingeka apho amagumbi ahlala khona ahlukaniswe neTambura kunye neshawari ngendlu yangasese. Emva kwexesha elincinci, iya kuba icace ukuba kutheni.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Ilizwe lamagumbi amabini kwigumbi lokulala kunye nendlu yangasese kunye ne-3 * 8 yeemitha zokuhlamba. Ukucwangciswa sisikhube semveli. Kunzima ukuyifudumeza

Ukuba icwangcisiwe ukusebenzisa iikhabhathi entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla, kwaye kuya kubakho abantu abayi-1-2, olona cwangciso lubalaseleyo- ukuba umnyango obizwa ngokuba luhlu-mali), kodwa komnye wemiphetho, Njengakwifoto engezantsi.

Yintoni umenzi onjalo? Ke indawo leyo ilula ukuyifafa. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, awunakwenza ngaphandle kokufudumeza. Kwi-dispenser, unokuguqula isitovu esinye kunye nesitovu esinye kuphela. Gcina iingcango ezivulekileyo - hayi olona luvo lufanelekileyo, kuba ubushushu buya kuhamba, kuba i-vestibule ineengcango ezivulekileyo aziyiniki indawo endiya kuyo. Ke kuvuma ukuba kuphela kwamagumbi aya kumiwa.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Ukuba elinye lamagumbi yindinyana, iya kushushu

Kodwa kusekho ukhetho:

  • Ngexesha lokubandayo, sebenzisa elinye lamagumbi njengefriji, igumbi lokugcina, indawo yokugcina izinto;
  • Beka imithombo emibini yobushushu - enye kwigumbi ngalinye ngalinye;
  • Yenza i-dambour ede.

Izibonelelo zolo lwakhiwo lungasentla kwinto yokuba isitovu esinye sinokunxila phantse yonke indlu. Ihlala ibanda igumbi lokuhlambela. Kodwa isixa esincinci kulula kubushushu. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe ishawa, ungabandakanya ngokufutshane umthombo wobushushu obuphawulekayo oya kufuna igumbi. Kwaye ukuba amanzi ashushu ngoncedo lwenkuni i-titanium, ke iya kudanisa igumbi.

Iza neveranda

Kulula ukuba ikhona indawo ecocekileyo phambi kwekhabhathi - i-veranda efihliweyo. Apha ungasebenza okanye uphumle ngelixa kunetha, apha ungabeka itafile yokutya. Ilula kakhulu. Ke kungcono ukucwangcisa yonke into ngaxeshanye kwaye isiseko sokwenza phantsi kweVeranda ngaxeshanye nendlu. I-veranda ingaqhotyoshelwa kamva, kodwa iya kukhutshwa ngakumbi. Isiseko siya kwahluka, singadibananga, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukucinga ukuba yenze uphahla.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Inokwenziwa nangaphezulu-akukho ndawo kwi-veranda

I-veranda ithathelwa ingqalelo kwangoko ngobude bonke-ukusuka kumda ukuya kumda ukusuka emazantsi okanye emazantsi empuma. Kungcono kakhulu - yenza ngohlobo lweleta "G", egubungela amaqela amabini akufuphi. Ndikholelwe, akukho ndawo ininzi. Ngendlela, icandelo le-veranda linokuthunga, beka iminyango kwaye lisebenzise igumbi lokugcina / igumbi lokunxiba. Isikwere ngaphakathi kweekhabhathi sincinci kakhulu, fumana indawo yokugcina izinto ezinengxaki. Kwaye ke wena nendawo engaphakathi ayizisebenzisi, kwaye izinto / izixhobo ziyafumaneka.

Inxalenye ye-veranda inokukhanyisa kwaye ithathe ikhitshi apha, yenza igumbi lokutyela. Yile nto kanye eyenzekayo ngexesha. Ibaluleke ngokwenene, kwaye, ngokutshayela ikhaya lakhe lasehlotyeni, ngokuthe ngcembe uya kuphumla, yongeza, ubambe.

Ukukhetha isiseko kunye nokulungiswa kwendawo

Ukukhetha isiseko, kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba nobunzulu bomhlaba kwingingqi ethile. Kodwa kukho negadi kunye namakhaya elizwe - bathathwa njengezakhiwo zethutyana. Vumela "okwethutyana" bami kwaye iminyaka engakumbi ..., ikhona indlela ayifaniyo neyonke xa ukhetha isiseko phantsi kwendlu. Enye yeendlela eziphambili ziindleko eziphantsi. Ngaphantsi kungcono. Ukusukela kule ndawo yokujonga kwaye uqwalasele lo mbuzo.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Iibhloko zokwakha zisongelwe kwi-Pilmeme elungiselelwe-inguqulelo elula yesiseko sekhaya

Isiseko sokugcina indlu

Njengoko sele ndithethe, amakhaya eminye amatayara aza akhelwe ezinye iibhloko zokwakha okanye iikholamu ze-brickes. Ngokwenene bami, njengoko benobunzima obuncinci, kwaye, ngenxa yokuhamba koyilo lwesakhelo, benyamezela iibhondi ezikhanyayo (ngamanye amaxesha zigcinwa kwaye ziphawuleka iskew). Kodwa, ukuba wenza iveranda (ngokweyokuthini kwisiseko esingabonakaliyo), silungiselele inyani yokuba yonke intwasahlobo kuya kufuneka yenze into - inyuka, iphakame (ngokunxulumene nendlu),

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Le ayisiyondlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa isebenza kakubi

Ukuba uyayithanda ngokucokisekileyo kwaye kangangeenkulungwane, "yenza isikere okanye isiseko se-pile kwangoko. Ukwakhiwa ngokulula, le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo izinzileyo. Ayilunganga imihlaba yokuqubha okanye imihlaba enamatye. Kodwa amatye aya kuhamba kwimihlaba enamatye, kwaye incoko ihluthi rhoqo - kukho isitovu ngaphandle kokhetho.

Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

Kwaye oku kukwenzela abathandi besitokhwe sokuthembeka kwabo bonke - isiseko se-pile esine-tube yentsimbi

Ngoku ngenani lenkxaso. Ilizwe leeseli ezimbini zegumbi lokulala kunye nendlu yangasese kunye ne-3 * 6 Imitha yokuhlamba inokuma kwinkxaso ezi-4 kwiimbombo. Kwiimitha ezinde-7-8- usafuna inkxaso embindini wecala elide. Itotali-iziqwenga ezi-6. Ayisiyongqondo, amandla okuxhasa oku ngaphezulu kwanele.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo

Malunga neli nqanaba lihlala lilibale okanye lithathelwe ingqalelo. Nje ngokungenamsebenzi. Iindleko azikho mkhulu, kodwa izibonelelo ziyabonakala. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe:

  • Susa lonke umaleko womhlaba ochumileyo, yithathe ubuncinci kwiibhedi eziphezulu, ude ugobe kwenye indawo ukuze usetyenziswe kwakhona.
  • Susa intsalela yezityalo, amatye, iingcambu.
  • Lungiselela, ukubamba.
  • Galela ungqimba lwenkunkuma, i-tamper.
  • Galela ungqimba lwesanti, i-tamper.
  • Okulandelayo, ungabeka inkxaso yekhaya (amatayara, iibhloko zokwakha, amatye).

    Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

    Ukulungiswa kwendawo kungcono ukungatsiba

Kutheni le nto yenziwe? Ukuze phantsi kweKhabhinethi, i-Swamp kwaye ayiqali ukubola imifuno kunye nezilwanyana ezithuthwayo ezikumgangatho ochumileyo. I-phenomenon ingathandekiyo kwaye, emva kokuba i-wangaphambili ibonelelwe kwaye ibanjiwe, kunzima ukunyamalala. Kungcono ukuphelisa ukubakho kunokujongana neziphumo.

Inqanaba lesibini lokudibanisa kwiqonga elilungiselelwe iqonga elilungiselelwe iphantsi kwethuba lokuba 'likhokele "ngexesha lokugoba kwentwasahlobo. Eli nqaku alizukuphazamisa ngaphandle kokuba ufake kakhulu kwi-piles (screw okanye ifuse). Zonke ezinye "ukhetho" olukhaphukhaphu "ziphantsi kwale nto.

Ukucwangciswa kweekhabhathi ngaphakathi

Inqaku elibaluleke kakhulu - indlela yokwahlula iikhabhathi ngaphakathi. Ndifuna ukuba mhle, ndisebenza kwaye ndingabizi. Ngokukhawuleza kufanelekile ukuba ukufumana ukhetho olufanelekileyo kunzima. Ezinye zemfuneko zihlala zingahoywa. Izinketho ziyintoni:

  • Vala kwiBhodi okanye kwiClapboard. Mhle kwaye uyasebenza, kodwa, Awu, ayikhathali.

    Izindlu zelizwe kumagumbi amabini anendlu yangasese kunye nehlambulo

    Ukucwangciswa kwangaphakathi kweekhabhathi-zingcono zenkuni

  • Mamela izinto zephepha, ugqithise kwiphepha lodonga. Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye lihle (mhlawumbi), kodwa alikho. Iphepha lodo limdaka ngokukhawuleza, kuya kufuneka uguqulele rhoqo. Kwaye kwangoko masitsho ukuba kwihotele, nkqu nakwezona zinto zibalulekileyo, musa ukusebenzisa i-fiberboard njengekreyithi. I-Domestovka akunakulindeleka ukuba ishushu rhoqo, kwaye ivela kumswakama, i-fiberboard ikhokelela ngamaza, kwaye ifom yantlandlolo ayiyamkeli ifom yokuqala. Kungcono ukufudumla - i-plywood enganyangekiyo, i-albeit ayingowona mgangatho mhle. Isiphene sayo sinokutywina nge-ifake-akukho nto iya kubonakala phantsi kwephephadonga. Olunye ukhetho kukunganyangeki kwe-wistant-okanye i-GWL.

Ezinye iindlela zokugqiba ezi-Dacha okanye iiseli zegadi aziphantse zasetyenziswa.

Inqaku lesihloko: I-Bicentar Amakhethini amakhethini: UCelish, weplanga, iplastiki

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