Umnqweno wokuxhobisa ukuvula ukuvula okanye ukufaka umnyango omtsha kukhokelela ekukhuleni nasekunyuke ukuphakama kokuvula. Ukuba kwisikhundla sangaphakathi sezinto ezivela kwizinto ezikhanyayo, ivumelekile ukusika ukuvulwa kwayo nayiphi na into ebuhlungu, emva koko ivulekileyo kwiindonga zerhasi ngokuqinisekileyo ifuna ingqalelo eyahlukileyo.
Umngcipheko okhoyo
Uyilo lomnyango wale mihla uhlala ungadluli ngendlela yokufakelwa kwigumbi elingaphakathi kwigumbi lezakhiwo zeSoviet, kwaye kuphela ukwanda kwezinto zigcina imeko.
Ukunyuka okuvulekileyo kwiindonga zebhayili
Ukongeza, iibhloko ezintsha zinemilinganiselo esemgangathweni yeminyango, eyahluke kakhulu kwiimveliso zakudala, ezisekwe endaweni yeminyaka edlulileyo. Inokuba ukuphakama, kodwa rhoqo umnyango awuhambelani kakuhle nobubanzi. Kule meko, iya kuba nakho ukusombulula ingxaki yokuhombisa kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yotshintsho lwangaphakathi luyeyona nto inyukayo kumngxunya eludongeni okanye emxinwa (ukwehla) kuwo.
Makhe sithethe ngokwandisa indinyana phakathi kwamagumbi aselumelwaneni. Kungekudala, kuyavela, kukhuselekile ukwandisa umngxunya phantsi komnyango ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo.
Umzekelo, ukuba usete ukubuyiselwa kwesahlulelo, engeyiyo eyona nto iphambili kwesakhiwo, ukusuka kwi-GLC (i-GLC (i-SIBITA), i-SIBITA (i-SIBITA (i-SIBITA (i-SIBITA (i-SOPINA (i-Story Spotweed) okanye ayikho into eyoyikisayo. Ngokuchasene noko, umsebenzi uya kuba ngxaki, ukuba sijonga ukuhanjiswa kweeprofayili zentsimbi phantsi kwe-GLC, kodwa ngempumelelo.
Kwicandelo ukusuka kwi-GLC, ulwandiso lovulwa lwenziwa ngenxa yokudluliselwa kweprofayili kunye nephepha lephepha
Yeyona nto ikwandisa iindinyana kwiindonga zebhanyabhanya. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesicwangciso esifanayo kwiCandelo leXabiso leTrafiki sele liqwalaselwe ukuphinda ikhuphe igumbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngokuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kweprojekthi eyahlukileyo, equkethe ubalo oluchanekileyo lobalo lobuchwephesha bokwabiwa kwemithwalo ngokusasazwa emva kwenani elipheleleyo leenguqu ezenziweyo.
IProjekthi yoPhuculo lweProjekthi ngokusemthethweni
Ukuvelisa kwakhona imisebenzi enjalo kwizakhiwo zegumbi, kuya kufuneka ukuqokelela iphakheji epheleleyo yamaxwebhu ngokubhekisele kwiimfuno zommandla:
- izatifikethi ezivela kwi-BTI yaseKhaya;
- Amaxwebhu ubunini bezindlu zokuhlala, ukukhupha kwincwadi yendlu;
- Isicwangciso somgangatho wesakhiwo sonke;
- ISICWANGCISO SOKUFAKWA KWESICWANGCISO SOKUFUNDA NGOKUFANELEKILEYO;
- Isicwangciso sawo onke amabakala exesha elizayo ayasebenza njalo njalo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ikhitshi lesitayile se-French
Ubuncinci bomonakalo olwenziweyo
Ukuba ucinga, emva koko ukuntywila kwendinyana eyandayo eflethini akuyi kwanela, kodwa kufanelekile. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, olu luhlu lwamaxwebhu, okokuqala, alufuneki luphawu, kodwa kukhuseleko lwakho ngokwakho, abantu obathandayo bahlala ejikeleze indlu yakho. Umonakalo ongagunyaziswanga kwisahlulelo se-carri-subles sinokukhokelela, ubuncinci, ukuya eludongeni kuwa, kwaye ubuninzi bendlu. Asizidingi imiphumo engaphelelanga, kufuneka sandise iindawo ezivulekileyo.
Ukubala kweeparamitha ezongeziweyo emnyango
Phambi koyilo lomnyango, ofuna ukulungela umngxunya eludongeni ngobukhulu, ungabala iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zomsebenzi. Sika ukuvulwa kweliso akunakuhamba, kungcono ukwenza imarike ngokuchanekileyo. Ukwenza i-vulele ngezandla zakho phantsi kwemilinganiselo yoyilo, kufanelekile ukuvelisa le milinganiselo ilandelayo:
- ukuphakama nobubanzi bomnyango osele bekho;
- Ububanzi nobubanzi bebhokisi yendlu, ebandakanyiweyo;
- Susa ububanzi beplanti yeplanti ecwangcisiweyo ukufaka;
- Thatha amadangatye kwaye uyikhuphele ukuphakama, ukuba kunjalo, kunjalo, ufake.
Ukubalwa kobungakanani bokuvula kunye neminyango ibekhona
Ke, ukubalwa kwemilinganiselo ekhoyo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ububanzi obufunekayo besiqendu eludongeni siquka iiparameters: Ububanzi bomnyango weSash, ubukhulu bebhokisi bemi, izithuba zetekhnoloji nganye nganye (¶2 cm).
- Ucango luchongwe ukuphakama, ukuphakama kokuphakama kongezwa kubungqiwa bebhokisi, kunye nolu qhinga lwetekhnoloji.
- Ubungakanani bodonga lwendinyana ikakhulu bunobukhulu obuyi-75 mm. Ngenye izalathi-nkqubela, zongezwa ukuba iindonga zibanzi kakhulu, okanye ibhokisi yomnyango ikhethwe ngamaplanga amancinci.
Ukulinganiswa nokumakishwa kodonga kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhume ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kuba ubungakanani bezithuba ezithathiweyo kunye ne-Reserment ayinakuthintela iplagi enkulu ngexesha lokuhombisa.
Ukubalwa kwe-Arch kwenziwa ngokwakho
Ukuba unqwenela, cwangcisa i-ARC eyayisenziwa kwinguqu kumagumbi akufuphi, ukwandiswa kotshintsho ukuya kwizakhiwo ezikufuphi kodwa zithintelwe.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ungayifumana njani iphepha lephepha lekhithi lekhitshi: I-Glue ye-Glue kwiWallpaper, sihombisa i-angle engaphandle, imiyalelo, imiyalelo, ividiyo, ividiyo, ividiyo, ividiyo, ividiyo, ividiyo
Imilinganiselo ye-orch exhomekeka kububanzi bokuvula
Akunzima ukwenza imvumelo ngohlobo lwe-ARTE, eyona nto iphambili kukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi, oko kukuthi, ukwenza ukubalwa kwe-ART arch. Ukuvulwa okuvunyiweyo kunokuba nohlobo loqwalaselo. Oko kukuthi, kunokwenzeka ukuba senze ubume be-arch evulekileyo, kwaye ijika lokuya kubhala kwimbono yendalo yetyala.
Ubume be-claysic ye-arch nge-oval ye-ol i-ol i-45 cm yenze nzima ngakumbi, kwimbongi kwindawo yokugcina uluhlu lwe-1: 50:
- ikhampasi;
- iphepha;
- I-Pythagoreo Theorem kwiNkqubo yeSikolo: R² = l² + (R²-h²).
Ukusuka kwifomula eyaziwayo yePythagora kudala kuthathwe, kwaye iingcibi zokwakha zisebenzisa ifomula yokubala irediyo yesabelo kwi-R = L² + h² / 2h.
Ubungakanani bokuvula: R Ngaba irediyo yesangqa, l sisiqingatha se-chord ye-ARC, H-ukuphakamisa ukuphakama
Inokwenziwa lula ukuba ilula xa kumi isigqibo kwi-radius yendlela yeklasi ye-ART, kodwa hayi ngokuchanekileyo:
- Zoba indlela yonyango lwexesha elizayo lendalo ephepheni (kuba ngaphambili yayisetyenziselwa ukunqunyulwa kweendonga);
- I-zirkkul ifakwe kwi-axis yolingano kwaye, itshintshe irediyo, i-ARCs ezininzi zenziwa;
- Inketho efanelekileyo ikhethiwe, kwaye i-radii eseleyo icinyiwe.
Iqala njani inkqubo yokwandisa ixesha
Ukuvula ivulwe i-Virthote Wall
Ngaphambi kokuba enze umnyango oseludongeni, kukufanele ukukhathalela kungekuphela nje malunga nokuphazamiseka koyilo locango losasa, kodwa malunga nokomeleza okuvulekileyo. Kwizakhiwo zepaneli, i-amlphation ivumelekile emva kokusika ikhonkrithi iphelile, kodwa ivuliwe izitena ifuna ingqalelo ethile kubo. Yenza ukuvulwa kwesicaka secawacalical kudonga oluphathelele ngezandla zabo, kodwa oku kuyakufuna olu luhlu lulandelayo lwezinto kunye nezixhobo:
- Uluhlu lweCandelo lomnqamlezo wensimbi kwifom "p";
- Bopha ii-bolts ezinobubanzi obuyi-20 mm;
- I-STLES D16 mm;
- intsimbi yensimbi yensimbi;
- Iikona zentsimbi;
- Isisombululo sesamente;
- Umbane
- Amadangatye, umbane kunye nencwadana ye-bollard enesangqa sedayimani;
Ukukhuphela udonga oluphathelele xa usebenzisa i-jack
Inqaku lesihloko: Iingcebiso zengcali - yeyiphi i-linoleum engcono ukuyikhetha
Ukusika ikhonkrithi kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esahlukeneyo ngokwayo, kodwa ukusika idayimani yeyona ndlela yamkelekileyo.
- i-backups okanye jacks zethuba lomsebenzi;
- I-perforator xa usebenza nodonga lwezitena.
Icandelo leBeam kunye neklasi yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwimisebenzi yokuphucula ukuvulwa igqitywe ngokubala kwexesha elizayo. Idatha efunyenweyo kufuneka ingeniswe kuxwebhu loyilo lokufumana ngokutsha kwegumbi le-Indoor. Ubude bejelo lentsimbi ikhethwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iprofayili yakhe iyahambelana nodonga lwezitena ubuncinci ngama-25 eesentimitha.
Ukomelezwa kokuvulwa kodonga lwezitena lomqhubi we-chawler
Kwijelo, kungcono ukuba wenze imingxunya yee-bolts ze-tie ezifuna ukungaphantsi kwe-3 iziqwenga zokuvula ubude obuphakathi. Hambisa i-screeder screed ngokukhethekileyo kumgama ongama-50 cm.
Ukukhupha umsebenzi kwi-Brick kunye neendonga zekhonkrithi
Ukuvula idayimani
Ukwandiswa kwezinto ezivulekileyo ngokusika ikhonkrithi kuqalisa kwisikhundla esimiselweyo kwindiza. Ukusika idayimani kuya kuququzelela kancinci inkqubo, ngakumbi ukuba isetyenzisiwe isangqa esifikelele kubunzulu bendawo ye-10 yeesentimitha. Xa usebenza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uchithe udonga ukunciphisa iindlela zothuli. Ke ungalibali malunga nezixhobo zokhuseleko:
- Iiglasi ezizodwa;
- umphesha;
- iigloves;
- isuti ezikhuselayo.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuvulwa kweendonga zebharhu ezinodonga kufuna imisebenzi yobuhlanga. Oko kukuthi, ukusela ukuvulwa kumacala omabini endawo, ngenxa yokukhululeka.
Ukomeleza ukuvula, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka kodonga. Olona khetho lubalaseleyo lokuqinisa ukuthembeka kwesahlulelo sexabiso le-8ine kuya kuba kukusetyenziswa kweefreyimu zedledy kumacala omabini, imitya endongeni.
Ukwakhiwa koqeqesho
Iindonga zekhonkrithi zinqunyulwe kwiindawo ezincinci, iingxande okanye izikwere. Ngelixa kwizikhululo ze-Brick, kwenziwe ngokusika, kwaye iibhloko ngokwazo ziyangena phantsi yiforati, emva koko i-sleembemmer ukuba iyimfuneko. Sebenzisa i-bilforator yekhonkrithi ayikhuthazwanga. Isiphumo esisiphumo esinamandla sinokutshabalalisa ipaneli, kwaye sibangele inani lee-microcracks, eziya kuthi zenze buthathaka uloyilo. Iindonga zezitena zifuna indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, eboniswa kwividiyo engezantsi.
(Ilizwi lakho liya kuba ngowokuqala)
Ukulayisha ...