Izitepsi ezivela kumbhobho weprofayile: ubalo kunye nokuzibandakanya

Iimveliso zensimbi zaxabisa ixesha elide, kwaye kubantu abamnyama abaye bathabatha iimveliso baphathwa ngentlonelo enkulu. Konke kube lula kakhulu ngobukho obukhulu bezinto zokwakha. Iipayipi zeprofayile ezigqityiweyo zithengwa kwaye zilandele le nkqubo, uyilo olufunayo lidliwe. Ayisiyonto ithile kunye nezitepsi ezivela kumbhobho weprofayile. Yenza ngezandla zakho kulula ukuba kukho amava ngamatshini we-welding.

Izibonelelo zezitepsi ezivela kumbhobho weprofayile

Ngokuphucula izitepsi zensimbi, fumana inani lezibonelelo. Kukusebenza kwawo amaxesha aphumelelayo phambi kweemveliso zeplanga okanye izitepsi zentsimbi ezenziwe ngentsimbi.

Ukudibanisa umbhobho weprofayili kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukugcina imali kunye nenkonzo ende yobomi benqanaba;
• ukukwazi ukuchazela kunye nokudibanisa uyilo phantse naluphi na uhlobo;
• indibaniselwano elungileyo kunye nezinye izinto zokugqiba;
• ixesha elincinci elichithwe kulo kufakelo, kodwa kungenxa kuphela ukuba inkosi yamava isebenza;
• amathuba okwenza umsebenzi kunye nendibano yesakhiwo nangaliphi na inqanaba lokwakha;
• isixhobo sezitepsi naphi na (ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo nangaphandle kwesakhiwo);
• Unokupheka uhlobo olulula lwezitepsi, ethatha indawo ethatha indawo encinci ngaphakathi.

Abanye uyilo lwemibhobho yeprofayili, i-weldided bubuchwephesha bamva, ngokungathi bunyuka emoyeni.

Iintlobo

Ngokutsho kweinkosi, izitepsi zalo naluphi na uhlobo lwenza kwakhiwe kwiprofayili. Uluhlu lwabo lubandakanya ukubetheka ngokulula kunye nokungeniswa kweefom ezintsonkothileyo. Xa usenza umsebenzi, kukho amanqaku. Ziqwalasele ngakumbi.

Imuvi

Ngezitepsi zikaMatshi, ifowuni ibonakaliswa yinqwelomoya. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngeeManyango ezininzi ziqokelelwe yiyoyilo elinye kunye neqonga lendawo ethe tyaba okanye zixhobise amanyathelo ohlobo olusebenzayo. Akukho mfuneko yokuthetha ngemfuno yohlobo oluthile lweentlobo. Bayathandwa phakathi kwabathengi ngokulinganayo. Ngokusisiseko, ukhetho luxhomekeke kubungakanani bendawo, kuqinisekiswe ukufakelwa kwezitepsi.

Ukuba izitepsi zinama-Matshi enye, iya kuthatha indawo eyaneleyo. Kwimeko apho kukho ukungabikho kwendawo, kuya kufuneka yakhiwe imveliso ngale ndlela yokuthatha indawo encinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Uninzi luzama ukwandisa ububi bezinyuko, okukhokelela ekulahlekiseni xa usiya kuwo.

Inqanaba elinobunzima obukhulu lunokucwangciswa kuphela ukuze kutshintshe izakhiwo zenjongo zoqoqosho.

I-steirserser kunye ne-Matshi enye, ithathe indawo ngaphakathi, ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise imeko phantsi kwayo. Ihlala ixhotyiswe phantsi kwekhabhathi, i-nikes okanye igumbi lokugcina. Kananjalo ezo mveliso zifakwe emnyango endlwini. Uhlobo olufanelekileyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukubetha i-attic.

Ngokwendawo yokonga indawo, uyilo lwezinto ezimbini lufakiwe. Uninzi luhlala lufakwe kwikona yegumbi ezindongeni kwii-angles ezifanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha zenza ithuba nge-180 okanye bacwangcise ngo-Matshi. Ilunge ngakumbi kufakelo zizitepsi zendawo yokudlala.

Ngamanyathelo exesha elongezelelweyo aya kufuneka enze i-tinker. Kodwa ekukhuseleni ezo zinto, sinokuthi, sinokuthi sibukeke sibe nomtsalane kuyilo.

I-ROSTRIAT SPIRCALS esenziwe ngemibhobho yeprofayili enezinyuko ezisebenzayo

Isikere

Ukusuka kwiicomputer ukhetho, uhlobo lwe-screw lwezitepsi ziphawulwe. Ukubonakala komntu wayo wokuqala kunye nobuhle, kwaye ungene kwimveliso, nkqu nakwisithuba se-1.5 × 1.5 m. Ezo zinto zihlala zinamanyathelo aqhotyoshelweyo. Okokugqibela kunye nomphetho banokuxhomekeka kwiipleyiti zokuhlala okanye zensimbi.

Kodwa Phezu kwazo zonke izibonelelo, kukho ukuhanjiswa kokwakha isikhafu. Ke, imveliso ayivumeli ukuba iphakamise izinto zefanitshala enkulu. Ngenxa yokuhamba kwabaqeshi, kwanezandla ezingenanto ayikhubeki. Yonelisekile zizitebhisi ze-screw kuphela kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo xa kungekho phandle ukuphuma.

Kukho ubunzima kwizibalo kunye nokufakwa. Phantse akunakwenzeka ukwenza ileli enjalo ngaphandle kwamava aqinisekileyo.

Ukuba, ngaphandle kwesiciko semveliso yokukrola, kukho abalandeli bolu hlobo lwezakhiwo, iingcali zicebisa ukuba kusondele kwiprojekthi kuhlobo lwe-terchety ye-traches kwaye yandise ukuvulwa. Kule meko, sebenzisa i-screw strirses ilunge ngakumbi.

Inqaku lesihloko: Isitulo senguqu kwizinyuko: Iindidi zezakhiwo kunye neempawu zemveliso ezimeleyo

Izitebhisi ezingaphindiweyo

I-steir-ladder

Enye yezahlulo zesixhobo sezitepsi ezivela kumbhobho weprofayili sisitayile sezitepsi. Ukuba abaqeshi bahlala kwindlu yabucala, isitayile esongamileyo senye yeemveliso eziyimfuneko kwifama. Iprofayili yensimbi enecandelo lama-40 × 40 mm lokwenza iiracks kunye ne-20 × 20 mm yokukhwela i-rossbar, kunye neendlela ze-hingeds, iibhloko kunye nezikrelemnqa.

I-hinges iya kwenza uyilo lokungasongelwa, kwaye ukuze inganyamalali ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kubonelelwe ngabathintela.

Ukufakwa kweStepladder ngezandla zabo kuyimfuneko ukuba nezixhobo kunye namava kunye nabo. Isoyiwe kwangaphambili, ivumela ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngakumbi. Umzekelo wenkqubo enjalo iboniswa kwifoto engezantsi. Inguqulelo elula enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-tadser sisitepsi esifanelekileyo ukusuka kumbhobho weprofayile.

Kwividiyo: i-strirsed-inkqonkqozi ye-proftruby yenze ngokwakho.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ukuba ubale ntoni naziphi na izitepsi?

Ukubala kwezitepsi ukusuka kwi-proftrub kufana nokuyila kwezinye izixhobo. Inkqubo ayinzima, kodwa ifuna ukulungiswa kweprojekthi. Qiniseka ukuba ubonakalisa zonke iiparamitha zezitepsi ezivela kumbhobho weprofayile kumzobo, indawo yeekona kunye notshintsho oluncinci ngohlobo lwemveliso.

Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa xa uzoba iprojekthi yohlobo lwemveliso:

• ubude besitepsi okanye imanyani;
• I-ACHLE CHLE;
• Ububanzi beli ngomona;
• Ukuphakama kwesikhungo;
• ububanzi bamanyathelo;
• Ubungakanani besiqendu esiphantsi kwesitepsi.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinyuko lunezinto zalo zokufakwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kubalwa nokuloyikisa inkqubo.

Ukubalwa koyilo lwe-Matshi

Ukubala kwezitepsi zikaMatshi kuqala ngokuphakamisa ukuphakama kwezitepsi. Yenza lula. Kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa umgama ukusuka kumgangatho ukuze ugqithise umgangatho ongaphezulu.

Ukulula kwentshukumo akunikanga nje ububi bemveliso, kodwa nobubanzi benqanaba, ukuphakama komngcipheko. Iiparamitha eziqhelekileyo zifakwe kuzo zombini iiparamitha: Ubungakanani benqanaba luyahluka ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kwi-400 mm, kunye nomngcipheko-ukusuka kwi-150 ukuya kwi-200 mm.

Xa uziqhelanisa, ukuphambuka rhoqo kwenzeka, kodwa inza intshukumo kwizitepsi ezisuka kwiimveliso zensimbi.

Enye inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuthobela ubungakanani phakathi kwala maxabiso. Kuyimfuneko ukubala ngokwefomyula: A + B = 470 mm, apho ubuphakamileyo buphakamileyo, ububanzi be-B-umkhuhlane.

Emva kokuchonga iiparameter ze-stiedy kwaye ukuphakama kuqhubeka ukubalwa kwenani lamanyathelo. Ukwenza oku, ukuphakama kwesithuba kwahlulwe ngokwabo ukuphakama komngcipheko. Ke ingqikelelo yezinyuko imiselwe. Ibalwa ngokuphindaphindelise ububanzi benqanaba ukuya kwinani lamanyathelo.

Ekhaya, ixabiso elincinci lobubanzi besithuba se-800 mm. Xa uthatha ingqalelo yonke imithetho, i-staircal yeyure enye enobude obuziisilipho i-2,5 m inesimo esiphantsi ukusuka kwi-5 m. Ke ngoko, ngokunqongophala kwendawo ye-Swivel kwimarike eliqela.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iqhubekile ukubala ubude bomzi. Apha i-theorem pythagora izakuza kuhlangula. Imisebenzi yokuphakama kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqikelela kwawo phantsi. Kuyimfuneko ukusongela izikwere zezikhombisi, emva koko ususe ingcambu yesikwere. Inombolo yomphumo kwaye iya kuthetha ubude be-kowra.

Xa kubalwa, akukho manani afumanekayo afunyanwa rhoqo. Iingcali zicebisa ukuba zibajikelezile rhoqo ngeyona inkulu.

Ukubalwa kwi-pythagooo theorem: l = √ (D² + h²)

Enye iparamitha eqinisekisa ukuthuthuzelwa kokuhamba kwizitepsi, ububi bazo. Ngokwemigangatho yonke, isixhobo esinamacala osetyenziso oluSisigxina kufuneka sibe ne-angle yotyekelo olususela kuma-23 kuye ku-37.

Ukubalwa kwezitepsi ze-screw

Kunqabile ukuba xa izitepsi zeSpiral kumgangatho wesibini ukusuka kumbhobho weprofayile zicwangciswe ukugcina isisombululo somyili. Rhoqo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwendawo ngaphakathi. Iindleko zexesha kunye noyilo lwezezimali lugqithisile kwi-Matshi.

Ukubalwa kweziko le-screw yenziwa ngcono kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokubala esikwi-intanethi, njengoko benobume bomjikelo. Kodwa, ukuba kukho umnqweno kunye namava, emva koko ubale kwaye abeke ngesandla.

Ekuqaleni, uya kuqwalasela amagama eeparameter ezisetyenziselwa ukubala iimveliso zohlobo lwesikhafu:

• "H" - Ukuphakama okuthe nkqo kwemveliso, ukuphakama okuphezulu kunye nobungqingqwa bokugqobhoza bugqityiwe;
• "H1" -Umgama phakathi kwamava. Kuthetha ukuphakama phakathi kwamanyathelo abekwe ngokungqongqo omnye komnye;
• "H" - ukuphakama kwesikhungo;
• "H1" - ubunzulu benqanaba;
• "R" - Ixabiso lerediyo yangaphandle yemveliso, umgca wokufaka ipillion;
• "R1" - irediyo yangaphakathi ngaphandle kwe-railing;
• "R" - iredithi yenkxaso ephakathi.

Inqaku lesihloko: Indlela yokwenza izitepsi ngezandla zakho: Ukukhetha uhlobo lolwakhiwo, ubalo lweeparamitha kunye nokufakelwa

Ukwenza ukubala kuyacaca ngokwemigangatho efakiweyo yoyilo lwesikhafu, eliboniswe apha ngezantsi:

• Kwiindawo ezidlulisela umgca weradiyo osebenzayo, apho umntu uhlala ebeka imilenze, ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo kufuneka bube ngama-200 ukuya kwengama-400 mm.

• Ubunzulu benqanaba kwinkxaso (kumgama we-10-16 cm kuyo) kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-100 mm. Ukuphakama komphakamo kuyahluka ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-220 mm.

• Ubuncinci bexabiso lobubanzi bendawo yokuphuma kwezakhiwo zesikhafu yi-100 cm, ngokungabikho kwi-pellill-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 cm.

Nakuphi na ukubala kuqala kwimilinganiselo. Kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo iparamitha yerediyo yangaphandle, ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kunye nendawo yegalelo kunye nendawo yokuphuma, ebizwa ngokuba yi-angle ebiyiweyo. Emva koko qhubekisela ukubala.

Umzekelo wokubala "r" = 1 m, "h" h "h" h "h" h "h" i-Angle ejiweyo ye-360 inikiweyo. Ihlala i-2/3 ukusuka kwixabiso leparameter yangaphandle. Ngokwedatha eboniswe, 2/3 * 2 * 3,14 * 1000 = 410 mm = 4.19 m ziya kufumaneka.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, inani lamanyathelo akwimo yefomula ephambili n = l / h1 ibaliwe. Sichaza amaxabiso "h1" = 250 mm kwaye sifumana i-4190/350 = 16.79. Kuyimfuneko ukujikeleza isininzi, ekugqibeleni sifumana i-17. Ukuthathela ingqalelo inyani yokuba inyathelo lokugqibela lihambelana nenqanaba lomgangatho wesibini, emva koko sifumana izinto ezi-16.

Ububanzi benqanaba elincinci kwinqanaba kwisiseko yi-100 mm. Bala ixabiso kwindawo enobubanzi. Ukwenza oku, qala chaza ubude be-Matshi yangaphandle ngokwefomula ye-2. Emva kokwenza ukubalwa, sifumana i-6280 mm = 6.28 m. Ukwahlula ixabiso leziphumo kwinani lamanyathelo, sifumana i-6280/17 = mm.

Ukubalwa kokuphakama komngcipheko kwenziwa ngawona mgaqo ufanayo wesakhiwo. Ukuphakama kwe-3 m kwahlulwe laba inani lamanyathelo, ngenxa yoko sine-176 mm. Ukuphuculwa kwemilinganiselo kwenziwa ngokwefom yefomula 2h + H¹ ilingana ukusuka kwi-600 ukuya kwi-650 mm. Emva kokuqhuba ukulungiswa, sifumana iziphumo ze-190 mm.

Ukwakha

Ukuhlangabezana nomsebenzi onzima kakhulu, kunye nokubala, qhubeka kulusu lweprofayili kunye nokudalwa kwesakhelo kwimizobo. Le nkqubo ilula, ke iya ngqo kwi-welding yezinto ezivela kwimibhobho. Abanye bakhetha ukunxibelelana ngokukhethekileyo, kodwa kunzima ngakumbi kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide. Makhe sijonge iinkcukacha zokupheka iitepsi ezivela kumbhobho weprofayile.

Qokelela ixesha lokuhamba

Ukufakwa kokuzilawula ngo-Matshi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo:

• ukuqinisa urhwebo lomntu oqinileyo;
• Izinto ze-welding kunye nemfundo yezikhreyithi.

Kwiprofayile yombhobho omnye

Kwindlela yokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuthenga i-goftrubub enecandelo le-150 × 150 mm. Iya kuqinisekisa amandla athembekileyo. Kuba kuza, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa inkxaso. Amaphepha entsimbi ye-3-4 mm akwinqanaba labo, ububanzi bawo bufanele bube ½ amaxabiso abukhali kumzobo.

Ii-coasters ze-coasters zendlela esenziwe ngombhobho zinokuba ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Kwiindawo zokungena, amanyathelo anenqanaba elithile enziwe kwangaphambili kumaphepha asele elungisiwe, esebenzela amanyathelo emanyukeni. Kodwa kumthungo omnye we-welding, izinto aziyi kumlisa umthwalo. Kuyimfuneko ukubabonelela nge-backup. Indima yayo inokudlala iziqwenga zokuqiniswa kwiphepha elinye okanye iprofayili encinci. Kodwa iingcali ziqaphela ukuba i-aesthetics yezitepsi ezinjalo ayikho kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Indlela oyiyo yokhetho lwesibini inomdla ngakumbi. Abaqaqambileyo, iinkcukacha zenkxaso evela kumbhobho ofanayo njengenxalenye ye-8 Inye yeziphelo inqunyulwa kwi-angle yokuthambeka kwezitepsi. Kule ndawo, inkxaso ifungelwe kwisiseko. Ukusuka kwisiphelo sesibini, iipleyiti zinamanyathelo.

Inqaku lesihloko: Izibonelelo zeZiteketi zoTransformer kunye neendidi zazo (abavelisi abadumileyo)

Umthwalo kwizitepsi zibonakalayo, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokuchukumisa umbhobho ophambili kumgangatho. Kuya kufuneka usasaze umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Ekuchukumiseni ityhubhu exhasayo enokugquma, kufuneka ukhuphe ipleyiti yentsimbi ngobukhulu be-5 mm.

Imilinganiselo yeplate kufuneka ibe nkulu kancinane kunezo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa phantsi kwenyathelo.

Kwi-crouches eyaphukileyo

Olu luhlobo lulandelayo lwezitepsi zesakhelo ukusuka kumbhobho weprofayili yi-Matshi eyaphukileyo, ithathe indawo ye-EAMS kwiimveliso zokhuni. Iipluks zayo zibandakanya iindleko eziphantsi kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, ukuba zithelekiswa nemveliso kumbhobho omnye. Imibhobho ithengwe ngecandelo lomnqamlezo wama-40 × 60 mm. Ivumelekile ngakumbi, kodwa ingaphantsi.

Ukuveliswa kwenkqubo yesakhelo kuveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Okokuqala, ii-billets ezihambelana nemeko kunye nokukhubaza ukongezwa kobunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo zisikiwe. Emva koko izinto ezilandelelanayo zenziwe nge-angles elungileyo kwaye zilungiselelekwe-kosoko. Izinto ezingalunganga zale ndlela zibandakanya umsebenzi omkhulu kwi-wellk kunye nokuba kunokwenzeka ukubanjiswa okungalinganiyo.

2. Indlela yesibini yokufumana ubuhle ngakumbi ubuhle kwaye ibhekisa kwenye yemiphunga. Kuyimfuneko kumbhobho kwelinye icala ukusika i-brine, icandelo ngohlobo lonxantathu ongatshatanga. Elinye icala lezinto ezihlala lingachukumisi. Emva koko, umbhobho wenziwe kwi-angle ethe tye, esenza amajoyina.

Iinkxaso zamanyathelo zifunyanwe ngenxa yokuvelisa iikona eziphezulu zezakhiwo phakathi kwabo ngetyhubhu encinci.

INdibano ye-Screw

Ukufakwa kwe-Spiriral Stairliple yeSperal iqala ngokufakwa kombhobho wenkxaso ngokuthe nkqo. Indima yayo kufuneka isebenze kwicandelo ngecandelo lomnqamlezo ojikelezayo kwaye kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kufanelekile ngomthwalo omkhulu kuwo. Phantsi kwisiseko senkxaso, kufakwe iqonga elithembekileyo. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wokwakha, umnqamlezo udliwe kwaye wagalelwa yikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi.

Emva koko, yiya kwiinkxaso phantsi kwenyathelo. Bangenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini, kuxhomekeka kwicandelo leprofayile ye-tube yeprofayili:

1. Ukusuka kwi-MORM-Mill ngecandelo le-20 × 20 mm okanye i-30 × 30 mm, amalungu ediliya enziwe. Kuya kubakho ifomu ephinda umjikelezo wamanyathelo azayo. Ukuze ungabandezeleka ngokulinganayo kubukhulu beenkcukacha zonke, ungaphambi kokuba wenze imbumbulu. Ukusuka kwimivalo yomthi, ifom oyifunayo yenziwa kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kwiphepha le-plywood. Ihlala ngaphakathi kufaka iziqendu zensimbi kwaye zikhulisile.

2. Kwindlela yesibini, imibhobho enecandelo lama-40 × 60 mm lithenge. Kwi-welding, izinto ezilingana nerediyo yokusebenza zisikiwe. Kwisiphelo ngasinye sabo, amalungu azo afuduka enamacandelo afanayo emnqamlezweni kunye nobude obungaphantsi kwesayizi kwifom "yoncwadi".

Emva kokulungiselela iiNkxaso, bakwenziwe kwizitepsi ezijikelezileyo kwiindawo ezikwiprojekthi ngokweprojekthi. Ukuthembeka okukhulu, inkxaso yamanyathelo aqiniswa yi-backup exhonywe kwisiseko.

Ukugqiba umsebenzi

Isakhelo sezitebhisi zasekhaya silungile, kwaye lixesha lokuba senze isiphelo sangaphandle. Ihlala isetyenziselwa lo mthi. Izinto zokhuni zamanyathelo zikhethwe ngobukhulu obuyi-40 mm. Ukubonisa inxalenye yemveliso yemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ngobuncwane obuncinci bokukrokra.

Ukukhusela umbhobho weprofayili ukusuka kwi-corrosion, icocwe kuqala eluthulini nakumdaka, indawo ye-welding icocwe ngefayile. Ekhutshiwe, ifakwe ipeyinti kwi-2-3 izakhiwo.

Kwimeko apho ufakelo lwezinyuko lucetywa ukuba lwenziwe ngokuzimeleyo, emva koko ukhetho kunye nemibhobho yeprofayile yeyona nto ifanelekileyo. Inkqubo ibe lula kakhulu kunezakhiwo zeplanga, kwaye ukuthembeka kuphakame kakhulu. Ukulandela izindululo eziboniswe kumxholo wenqaku, iziphumo ziya kuba zinokuthenjwa, zifakwe izitepsi ezifakelweyo kwiprofayili.

Imizekelo yeSikhokelo seZinyuko (ividiyo 3)

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezitepsi ezivela kwi-proftrub (iifoto ezingama-50)