Uninzi lwabantwana besikolo banika imisebenzi ethile yehlobo kwi-biology. Enye yezona zixhaphakileyo kukuqokelela iisampulu zehlabathi lesityalo. Ukwenza i-herbarium evela kumagqabi ngezandla zakho, kuya kufuneka wenze umgudu omninzi. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo izityalo, zomele kwaye uzilungiselele kakuhle kwi-albhamu ekhethekileyo. Udidi lwenkosi encinci ekwenzeni ukuqokelelwa kwamagqabi owomileyo kuya kukunceda uxhase iNerd esezantsi kwimisebenzi yakhe. Ukusuka kwizixhobo zenqaku oza kufunda imithetho yokufana kwaye ungacwangcisa kakuhle i-albhamu ye-botanical. Ukongeza, siya kuxela enye indlela yokwenza ingqokelela yezityalo.
Imisebenzi yesayensi ye-botany yavumela umntu ukuba abe nombono wezityalo ezinqabileyo. Iindidi ezininzi zanyamalala yonke imihla, kwaye ezitsha zize zithathe indawo yazo. Ukuze ugcine ulwazi lwabameli be-flora umntu ngamnye, bekukho indlela yokuzikhaba ngohlobo lwencwadi enerekhodi malunga nendawo yokuqokelelwa kunye neemeko zendalo zesampulu.
Yintoni i-herbarium
Igama le-herbarium livela kwigama lesiLatin Dafa - "ingca". Imele ingqokelela yezityalo ezomileyo ezidweliswe kulawulo olukhethekileyo. I-Italian Botanist Luca gini yaba ngumntu wokuqala owayeqokelela iHerbarium esebenzisa iphepha. Esi sixhobo sinehygroscopic kwaye ivumela ixesha elide ukugcina izinto eziqokelelweyo.
Kule mihla, ngaphezu kwamawaka ali-10 eenzululwazi ze-botany abandakanyeka ekuqokeleleni nasekubaleni kwe-herbaris, umsebenzi okhokelayo kumazwe ali-168. Esona siqokelelo sezityalo siqulathwe kumaziko e-US, iFrance, iRussia, eSwitzerland. Ngaphaya koko, iindlela zangoku zikuvumela ukuba ugcine ulwazi hayi kuphela ngendlela endala - ngalo mzuzu apho abizwa ngokuba ziinkunzi ze-digital. Ziyifoto eziskenti zamaphepha eegithini ngolwazi olupheleleyo lwesampulu. Ukuba unokubona elona qokelelo lukhulu, kuphela ngokutyelela imyuziyam okanye iziko lesayensi, emva koko iikhathalogu ze-elektroniki ziyafumaneka kwi-Intanethi.
Inqaku lesihloko: I-Orangutang Crochet ngenkcazo kunye nezikimu: Iklasi enkulu enevidiyo
Qokelela i-herbarium kwimikhosi yasekhaya kuye wonke umntu, ngenxa yezi njongo apho kukho iphepha elikhethekileyo, iglu, cinezela iisampulu zomisa iisampulu, iifolda zokugcina. Kodwa ukwenza ingqokelela, akukho mfuneko yokuba isebenzise ezo zixhobo, kwanele ukubonisa ubuchule kwaye ubeke kwimeko yokubanjwa. Ungabona izimvo kuyilo:
Ungaqokelela njani into
Ukuhamba ngokudibeneyo nomntwana osemva kweesampulu ehlathini okanye ipaki kuya kuzisa inzuzo kunye nolonwabo. Ngapha koko, eli lithuba elihle lokufudumeza, ukuphefumla umoya omtsha kwaye ugcwalise umthwalo wolwazi malunga nabameli behlabathi.
Njengengqokelela yeesampulu ze-herbarium, kufuneka ulandele le mithetho ilandelayo:
- Ukuqokelelwa kwezinto eziqhutywa ngokukodwa kwimozulu eyomileyo;
- Kungcono ukuqokelela iisampulu kufutshane nemini, xa umbetha ekuseni sele ukhutshiwe;
- Izityalo zisuswe emhlabeni ngokupheleleyo ukuze onke amalungu ayo anokuvavanywa;
- Kwiikopi ezinkulu (imithi, izihlahla), ezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zikhethwa eziza kunceda ekuchongeni isampulu;
- Xa uqokelela ingqokelela yengqokelela, kuya kufuneka unqunyulwe kwindawo yokubaleka ukuze udidi lweepleyiti lubonakale;
- Izinto ezibonakalayo ziqokelelwa kuphela xa ukungabikho kwezifo kunye nezinambuzane, imikhondo ephawuliweyo yomonakalo;
- Qiniseka ukuba ulungisa incwadi yencwadi kunye nesibambo ngaphambi kokuhamba, kuba kungekuphela iisampulu ezibalulekileyo kwi-Herbarium, kodwa nenkcazo yazo;
- Kwisampulu nganye, kufuneka uthathe iimeko ezininzi. Ukuba ingqokelela imnandi, unokuqokelela ezohlukeneyo kumthi omnye wokuqina kunye nokubeka iplate.
Unokwenza ingqokelela yezityalo eziqokelelweyo zombini eziqokelelekileyo kunye nenjongo ngokukhetha icandelo elahlukileyo, umzekelo, izityalo ze-Medineal, amayeza okhula, abameli begumbi, njl.
Amagqabi eyomileyo
Eyona ndlela ilula yokutshiswa eVivo ithathwa njengezomisa phakathi kwamaphepha encwadi. Ukuba amagqabi ayinamanzi kwaye unejusi kakhulu, olu khetho lufanelekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ukulungiselela ukungakwazi ukonakalisa uhlelo lweendleko, indlela yangaphambi kwamaphepha ayo kunye nesampulu yephepha.
Iisampuli eziqokelelweyo zibekwe kwimo eyomileyo. Zigqithile imihla ngemihla kwaye zitshintshela kwamanye amaphepha encwadi ukuze uphephe ukubumba. Incwadi esuka phezulu inokucinezelwa nguMshicileli ukuze iisampuli zingakhanyisi. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kweli-10, ungaqala ukwenza ingqokelela.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kokunamathela kwiPitoWperPikep?
Le ndlela iqhelekileyo eyomisayo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi. Iisampulu eziqokelelweyo zibekwe phakathi kwamaphepha amabini ePhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neStroke kwimowudi yobushushu ephakathi. Kuya kufuneka ulungiselele inyani yokuba ubumnandi (isampulu eyomileyo) iya kuphulukana nombala wendalo.
Uyilo lwe-albhamu
Ukucwangcisa i-herbarium esikolweni, ungasebenzisa i-albhamu eqhelekileyo yokuzoba izifundo, kodwa iPhepha leDlume kakhulu elinokuphumeza emva kwe-veliphet. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuqokelela amaphepha e-herbaric ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokutyibilika kwabo, bathabathe:
- Ikhadibhodi emhlophe emhlophe (inani lamaphepha lilingana nenani lezityalo ezomileyo);
- Iimakhishithi ze-albhamu;
- Imigca kwikhadibhodi ehlobisa nge-4 cm;
- Iifowuni ezininzi;
- I-PVA GLUE, SCISS, imisonto, i-hole punch.
Iqokelelwe ishiya isuse ngobumnene kwindawo yokugcina izinto. Ibonisa i-lamella ukuya kwi-LamerCape SheetCae usebenzisa i-PVA GLUE.
Ikhadibhodi inyibilikisela ngononophelo i-glue kwaye inamathele kwimakhishithi ye-albhamu ngamagqabi awomileyo.
Ukugcina isampulu kwaye uyikhusele eluthulini, sebenzisa i-mulkore, usike kwiinxalenye ezi-2 okanye ukulandelwa okuncinci. Indawo yokukhusela Indawo ephepheni, iqhuba iKhadi leKhadi leKhadi leNgcaciso yeOrgagi elidleleneyo kwaye iqhube uyilo lomngxunya. Tshixa iphepha ngalinye lomtya oqinileyo.
Kwisampulu nganye, glue ilebheli emazantsi ephepha ebonisa indawo kunye nexesha lokuqokelela, amagama, iimpawu zomzi. Emva koko, amashiti kufuneka athungwe kunye kwaye aqhotyoshelwe ikhava. Kule meko, iifoto ezenziwe ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwaye zinyangwa kumhleli wemifanekiso ngohlobo lwekhola.
Ungasebenzisa ifolda yesiqhelo, ufaka amaphepha eegishi kuyo.
Inketho engaqhelekanga
Ngamanye amaxesha umsebenzi onomdla wokulungiswa kwengqokelela yezityalo uqala ukunika abantwana ngaphambili. Ukuze umntwana abe nomdla wokujonga iHerbarium yeHindergarten, sicebisa ukuba ulungiselele indlela enomdla kakhulu - ukulala.
Amaphepha ephepha akwenziwe kwinhlama yetyuwa, i-Plaster. Kwimeko yokuqala, inhlama ixutywe kwiresiphi eyiyo: xuba itywaneli engekho mthethweni kunye nomgubo ngokulinganayo, qinisa ngocoselelo amanzi kude kufunyanwe isininzi seplastiki.
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Qengqeleka i-medallions ezincinci kwinhlama. Beka amagqabi kuzo ngepini eqengqelekayo ngemithambo. Tyhala i-Dough sokoma, emva koko ususa igqabi kwaye ufake umbala kumphezulu we-OTIS.
Inguqulelo yesibini ye -ff yenziwe ngodaka. Obu buchule abunzima kangako, kodwa umphumo uya kuba ngumfanekiso omuhle noqinileyo. Ukwenza, uya kudinga:
- ibhegi yeplastikhi;
- Iplate yeplastiki;
- Iplastiki (unokumdala);
- Gypsum, amanzi;
- amagqabi aqokelelweyo;
- Ipeyinti.
Inkqubo ilula kakhulu, imiyalelo yemifanekiso iya kukuvumela ukuba uyibone ngokweenkcukacha.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba umbono kufuneka utsaleleke kuwe.
Gcwalisa kwaye ushiye kude kube ngokuma.
Sithatha iplasitine.
Hlamba, gubungela nge-varnish.
Iphaneli enjalo iya kuthatha indawo efanelekileyo kwingaphakathi kwaye iya kuba liqhayiya lokwenene lentombazana.
Ividiyo kwisihloko
Siyakumema ukuba ubone ukhetho lweevidiyo apho ufunda njani ukwenza i-Herbarium ngezandla zakho.