Ukusetyenziswa kwezitepsi zangaphandle kumakhaya abucala kukuvumela ukuba usombulule ingxaki ngomgangatho ongaphezulu, i-attic, igumbi okanye i-atic okanye terrace. Amanyathelo everande anikezela ekungeneni okuhle endlwini. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Universal yenqanaba lesitrato kumgangatho wesibini kunceda ekusombululeni umba ukuba ukwakhiwa kwenqanaba lenqanaba lenqanaba langaphakathi akunakwenzeka ngenxa yeempawu zoyilo kunye nokucwangciswa.
Izitepsi zangaphandle ziyafuneka kwiimeko zongxamiseko zabahlali ngokukhawuleza. Isakhiwo esihle siza ekhaya, i-cottage, i-rustic yendawo ye-rustic inomtsalane kwaye ibonelela ngokunyuka nokuzalwa.
Iintlobo zezitepsi zesitrato
Iimveliso zahlukile kwinani lamanyathelo, uhlobo lofakelo, ukubulawa, ukuvulwa phambi kwabaninimzi kukhetho olucekeceke kwaye lusebenza. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokwakha ngaphandle yiveranda, ekhoyo phantse kuwo onke amakhaya. Ngaphandle kwamanqanaba, khwela ukuya kumnyango wokungena kuya kuba nzima. Ukwakhiwa kwesitalato kwindlu yabucala kunokusebenza njengokhetho lokuphakamisa kwi-tier ephezulu okanye iphindwe kabini i-zarner.
Kuxhomekeka kwinjongo, iindidi ezininzi zezitepsi zabelwe, zixhonywe ngaphandle:
- Ulwakhiwo lolwakhiwo olungenamatshini oxhuma amanqanaba amabini okanye nangaphezulu.
- Izitebhisi kwindawo yase-Attic, kwigumbi lase-Adtic, ehamba terrace.
- I-Porch-uphawu lwendlu yabucala enesiseko esiphezulu, isiseko segumbi.
- I-Firem okanye i-stirses ye-tirses-i-verity yokuphumla.
Ubume bezitrato ezitratweni bunokuba lonto, ukugqitywa kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yemodeli. Izixhobo ze-Spare Primory Pietpatory yezindlu phantsi kwezindlu ezingaphezulu kwe-tiers ezimbini. Umlilo (ukufuduswa) izitepsi okanye i-stepverder inokubangelwa yiNdlu, ngokungalingani, isebenza ngokukhethekileyo. Ayifuni iindleko ezibalulekileyo.
Ngokwakha
Ngokweempawu ezakhayo, ngoMatshi (ngqo, g-imile, i-p-god) i-stepper kunye neemodeli zesitalato zihlunyisiwe. I-incys ezincinci, iinguqu kwi-tier yesibini okanye i-attic yenza uhlobo lwexesha lokuqalisa. Iimveliso zesikali zifanelekile ukusebenzisa kwindawo encinci okanye njengezakhiwo ezincedisayo, kuba inyuka imihla ngemihla kwizinyuko zemihla ngemihla iya kuba nzima kumakhaya.
I-SARS SPARS inomelele ngakumbi, inokuthenjwa kwaye iyasebenza, kwaye iimveliso zesikrikhi zilungele nayiphi na indlela yoyilo kwaye ithathe indawo encinci.
Ngohlobo loyilo, izitepsi zize:
- Ngomgaqo-wenza indima yento ethengisayo, inee-grooves zamanyathelo okufikelela.
- Kwimijikelezo - amanyathelo axhonywe kwi-beams enye okanye ezimbini, iziphelo zihlala zivulekile.
- Ngaphandle kwe-qangaza i-beines-izitepsi ziqhotyoshelwe ngqo kwiindonga zeNdlu, iikotatile.
- Ukwakhiwa kwesitalato i-Monolithic - ukusebenza ngokuqinileyo kwezinyuko kwenza ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kuqhubeke kwaye kukhuselekile.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokusisigxina, inguqulelo yesitrato kufuneka ifezekise iimfuno zokhuseleko. Ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ixhobise amanyathelo nge-anti-slip caides, yenza uthango ngendlela yeparapepet, oololiwe, iisandla. Iimveliso kufuneka zilungelelanise umthwalo, ukuveza ukutshintsha, amaqondo obushushu ahla kwaye asebenze ngokulula.
Ngqo
Olona hlobo lufanelekileyo lolwakhiwo lwasesitratweni sisitepsi se-Matshi. Kuxhomekeka kubude bokuphakama, le modeli ixhotywe ngenani elifunekayo lamanyathelo kunye neziza eziphakathi ukuba indlu iphezulu.
Iimovie zothungelwano ngqo zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo:
- ilula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu ekuthengisweni nasekufakweni;
- Ukhululekile ukuba uqhubeke ukusetyenziswa;
- hlalani, hlanganisa iimfuno zokhuseleko;
- inokwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo;
- Indlela yokufaka i-curches-ezindongeni, inkxaso, isiseko.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Iimpawu ezixhotyisiweyo: Iindidi, iingenelo kunye netekhnoloji yeMveliso |
I-Marshmaking Strirses isenokusetyenziswa esitratweni sokuphakamisa kwiveranda, umgangatho wesibini, i-attic. Imodeli ethe ngqo yile ilungele oku, ukuba indawo yasimahla yeyadi ayiphelelanga. Kwizakhiwo ezilula, izinyuko ezilula zikhethwe, zihambelana nolwakhiwo lweNdlu. I-Elite cottimes ihombise ngoMeyi weeMveliso zoMyili onesidima esihle, ukuqwalaselwa okuntsonkothileyo.
Isikere
Izixhobo zangaphandle zidibene ngokuhambelana nezitayile ezahlukeneyo, ke ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuhlala kusebenza, ngaphandle kwento yokuba iimveliso ziphulukana notshintsho ngqo ngoMatshi ngokuphumelela. Iminqweno yeSpiral ijongeka intle kakhulu kwindawo yoyilo yezindlu zelizwe, indawo yokuhlala kunye namakhaya amancinci.
Izibonelelo zeemodeli zesitrato:
- Imilinganiselo yecompact, ifuthe lokungasebenzi kakuhle;
- Ukudibana nezisombululo zoyilo ezahlukeneyo;
- Ukugcina indawo yasimahla yeyadi, ubunzima obuphantsi;
- iindleko ezamkelekileyo zemveliso, i-Decor, ufakelo;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ngumthi, ilitye, intsimbi.
Amanyathelo eemveliso zesikrelem ezenziwa kwi-Spiral ejikeleze inkxaso ephakathi, enika ubuhle bemigca egqityiweyo yemigca kunye nesibheno. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba isakhiwo sesikhuseli sisetyenziswa njengezinyuko ezongezelelweyo, kwaye eyona nto iphambili yinguqu yangaphandle okanye yenguqu engaphakathi.
Indlu, kufutshane nokungenela i-screw yesikrini ifakiwe, ibalulekile itsala ingqalelo yabanye.
Kwividiyo: i-screw entle-i-screw strirses-ivimenti enkosini.
Ngokwezinto
Ukwenzela ukuvelisa izitepsi Sebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona mfuno iphambili kukuziqhelanisa, ukunxiba ukunganyangeki, ukumelana neemeko zemozulu. Umgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo uxhomekeke kumgangatho wesibonelelo sokuxhaphaza. Ngokwesiko, ukwakhiwa okuphakathi komhlaba kusetyenziswa intsimbi, inyibiliki, ilitye, isitena, izibonelelo zekhonkrithi. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe izinto kwindawo yoyilo kunye nokubalwa.Moya
Iinkuni-ezikumgangatho ophakathi, ohlala zihleli, ezihlala ixesha elide, kodwa zezakhiwo ezitratweni azifane zisetyenziswe, kuba umthi kunzima ukukhusela ukuxhomekeka kububanzi, umlilo, i-Abrasion. Ukusebenziseka kweemveliso zasezitratweni ezinokuthandazwa, kodwa kwezinye izakhiwo zolunye uyilo alunakulunga kwisitayile.
Ezona zibonelelo ziphambili zezitepsi zangaphandle zangaphandle:
- ukukhululeka, ukulula kokuqhubekiswa kunye nokufakwa;
- Ukucoceka kokusingqongileyo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuhle;
- ukufumaneka kwexabiso, ukusebenzisa uqeqesho;
- Amandla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefom, i-DECOR.
Izitebhisi zeWood zilungele izindlu zenkuni. Uyilo olunje lusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwimeko ethambileyo - imozulu embi iya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ezona nkuni ziphezulu.
Isebenzise imifuno yeenkuni - ipine, i-beech, i-ash, i-oki, eneempawu eziphezulu. Ukwenzela ukuba izitepsi zeplanga ngaphambi kokuba ungene ngonyaka, izinto ezibonakalayo ziphathwa nge-antiseptics ukukhusela umswakama, ukubola, ukubumba. Ukwenza iinkuni ngokunganyangekiyo emlilweni, iibhodi zifakwe i-antipherens.
Intsimbi
Imbono eqhelekileyo yezakhiwo ezitratweni - izinyuko zensimbi. Banobomi benkonzo ende, baya kuba nakho ukukhonza abanini ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Izitepsi zentsimbi zidliwe, zangaphambili zaza zaphosa. Umsebenzi wobugcisa esitratweni uthi nkqo, ugobile, ujijekile, ejijekile.
Phakathi kweziphango unokuxhobisa iindawo eziprayinzini, qinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuphakamisa kunye nokuzalwa ngoncedo lweengcingo ezintle.
Iimpawu zezakhiwo zesitrato zensimbi:
- ubukhulu bokusetyenziswa, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi;
- ukuqina, ukukhululwa kokufakwa, ukumelana kwemozulu;
- uyilo oluguquguqukayo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefomu, ukuhombisa;
- Ukunganyangeki kwe-Abrashion, ukugcinwa okuphezulu;
- Iphawula nakweyiphi na imibala, ivisisane ngaphandle komntu ongaphandle.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Yeyiphi i-tile yokukhetha izinyuko endlwini: Iindidi zezinto ezijongene nazo
Ukuhonjiswa kweemveliso zensimbi, ubugcisa, ukuhombisa ngamaqhekeza omthi, ukufaka ilitye. Ukusetyenziswa kwezitepsi zentsimbi kukuvumela ukuba wenze nayiphi na indlela oyiyoyiki. Ukuze izinyuko zikhonzwa ixesha elide, kufuneka ipeyintiwe rhoqo.
Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwezitrato, kungekuphela nje, intsimbi, kodwa nekhonkrithi, ilitye, kunokusetyenziswa isitena. Izitepsi ezivela kwizinto ezinjalo zifuna ixesha elininzi kulwakhiwo, kodwa zinamandla amakhulu. Ilitye, ikhonkrithi kunye nezakhiwo zezitena zinika uyilo lwendlu engathethekiyo nengathandekiyo.
Iingcingo
Intshukumo ekhuselekileyo kwizitepsi zibonelela ngeempawu zebi. Oku kubandakanya ukurhuqa, iiparapets kunye nezandla. Iimveliso kufuneka zibe neentlobo ezithandekayo ezinomdla, zinokuqina, ukuthembeka. Ucingo lwenziwe ngenkuni, intsimbi, ikhonkrithi. Uyilo kunye nomxholo wezinto ezinqunulayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, kuba igqiba uhlobo olupheleleyo lwamaziko esitrato.
Ucingo:
- I-Woodden esuka e-Oik, i-Beech, Mahon, iPine, Mahogany. Nxibelelana nendalo, gxininisa ukuba uyilo.
- Intsimbi igobile ngohlobo lweepateni ezahlukeneyo. Olona phawu luhlala luhleli, luphawu oluhle kakhulu lokuzifaka.
- I-handrails hand kunye nebhaluni. Banemigca emihle, babukeka bebalisa, basebenza ixesha elide.
Kungaphantsi kokuseka ukubiyela esitratweni ukusuka kwiglasi evuthayo okanye intsimbi engenasiseko. Inxalenye eneziphelo zamanyathelo anokucwangciswa ngeethayile, iPorcelain yamame-mameRire, Marble, Granite. Makukhunjulwe ukuba ebusika umhlaba wasebusika ubaleka, kunzima ukuya ezantsi esitratweni. Ke ngoko, ubiyelelo luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwezinto ezitratweni nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka.
Amanyathelo
Ukubhaliswa kweMigaqo-nkqubo yokuhamba kunye neScrew ayiphelelanga elucingweni- kufuneka unike uhlobo lwamanyathelo, uzenze lukhuseleke kwintshukumo. Amanyathelo owenziwe ngenkuni apeyintiweyo kwaye agutyungelwe ngamanyathelo e-varnish, amanyathelo aqhelekileyo ahlala anqunyulwa ngeebhodi zeplanga okanye afakwe kwi-antip echasayo kwirabha, iplastiki. Ikhonkrithi yeConrication Stonch iphumelele phantsi kwelitye.
Iimfuneko zokhuseleko:
- Ubunzulu bamanyathelo aphambi komnyango wokungena kufuneka buhambelane nobungakanani beenyawo zomntu omdala - 25-30 cm. Ukuphakama okuqinisekileyo kwe-15 ukuya kwe-20 cm.
- Ngomnye u-Matshi kufuneka ube neendawo ezingaphezu kwe-18. Ukuba ukuphakama kwezinyuko kungaphezulu kweemitha ezintathu, zixhobisa iindawo eziphakathi.
- Ububanzi bendlela yokufaka, okanye endaweni ye-strirses, kufuneka ubuncinci bube ngama-80 cm.
Uhlobo lwenqanaba lwenziwa ngunxataula, lwesetyhula, ngokwenza - isithulu kwaye ngaphandle kwemigudu. Ngamanye amaxesha izakhiwo zesitrato zixhotyiswe ngokujija amanyathelo. Ukuba amanyathelo enziwe ngomthi, ubukhulu beBhodi kufuneka ibe yi-25-30 mm. Eyona mfuneko iphambili ngamandla, ukungqinisisa ukuthembeka, umphezulu we-anti-slip.
Ukudalwa kunye nokufakwa kwenqanaba lesitrato kwenziwa ngokwakho (uqeqesho)
Ngaphambi kokuba enze lo msebenzi, kufuneka ulungiselele umzobo wesakhiwo ngohlobo, indawo, uhlobo lokuthabatha ngokukhawuleza, ukumisela umxholo. Emva koko, umzobo oneenkcukacha uqulunqwa apho ubukhulu bezitepsi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, i-angle yotyekelo kufuneka ithathwe, kwizinto ezinokukhetha kuzo-i-angle yokujikeleza. Ngomzobo wokuzoba ngononophelo, ukufakelwa kwezitepsi kuya kugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokhuseleko.I-Wood Downing Starses
Izitebhisi zeWood zihlala zenziwa kwi-pine - ezona zinto zifikelelekayo zibonakaliswa ngamandla amahle. I-pine ye-pine ephathwayo ichasa umswakama, ubushushu buyele, kodwa unokusebenzisa ezona zinto zixabisekileyo. Kwimigangatho yesitrato eWoodden, i-incangs idla ngokusebenza ngaphezulu kwi-crouches kwaye i-Abest. I-kosomers - iiplanga ezibanzi ezinamanqanaba asemhlabeni, oonogada baziinkxaso ngqo ezinokuthi zinikwe imilo eyahlukileyo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ukufakwa kwezitepsi kwi-cososters: Izikim kunye nokubalwa [amaxabiso acetyiswayo]
Cinga ngenkqubo yokwakha izitepsi ezinomthi kwi-porch eqhelekileyo:
1. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukulungiselela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, ezizezishini:
2. Umsebenzi wokuqala-ngaphambi kokuyila uyilo, iinkuni kufuneka ziphathwe ngengoma ye-antiseptic kunye ne-antipyrenes, yomiswe kangangeentsuku ezingama-2-3.
3. Ngokubhekele phaya, ukulungiselela abathwali okanye i-cosomes kufuneka ilungiselelwe ukuba amanyathelo alungiswe kuwo. Izinto zenkxaso zisebenza njengesakhelo, zenza ukumakisha (ngokungqinelana nemilinganiselo yamanyathelo) ngoncedo lwebar yebar kunye nokwenza izilayidi.
4. I-ECANDELAYO Emva koko, iibhodi zitshekishwe kwinqanaba, kuba ikhefu elincinci linokukhokelela ekunxibe ngokukhawuleza kwesitebhisi kunye nokubonakala kwe-squeeaks.
5. Ukukhawuleza kwamanyathelo kwenziwa ukusuka ezantsi phezulu, ukulungisa iziqwenga ze-stairs kunye nezikhonkwane okanye ukuziqulatha. Ngokukhethekileyo phambi kwendibano ukuba baphathe iibhodi ngamatshini wokugaya.
Uyilo olugqityiweyo luphathwa ngohlobo lweenkuni ngamatye amabini okanye amathathu, ezigutyungelwe ngepende, zilusizi okanye varnish. Ngayo imigaqo efanayo, unokwakha izitepsi zendlela yokhuni kumgangatho wesibini okanye ukwakha imodeli entsonkothileyo ngamaqonga kwinqanaba elithile. Ngesicelo, imveliso ihonjiswe ngezinto zokuhombisa.
Isitebhisi sensimbi
Izakhiwo zentsimbi zasezitalatweni zisetwa rhoqo kunezinyuko zomthi. Izinto ezibonakalayo zibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu kwimithwalo enamandla kunye nokunxiba. Inketho yangaphandle, izinyuko zensimbi zilungele i-asethi ye-asethi-isakhelo esivela kwi-steel schwell.
Uluhlu oluphambili lwezixhobo: I-Channel, iikona, imivalo yokuqinisa, ishiyi yensimbi nge fillmer. Ukusebenza, awungekhe uyenze ngaphandle komatshini we-welding kunye nezixhobo ze-auxilin (i-bulgaria yentsimbi, i-Grinding). Emva kokulungiselela umzobo kunye nezixhobo, kuyenziwa ukufaka imveliso.
Cinga ngendlela yokwenza isitayile sensimbi kwiveranda:
1. Iijelo zentsimbi okanye iikona zifakwe emphethweni ukuze ufumane inkxaso yenkxaso.
2. Ukusuka kwisiphelo esinye, izinto ezizimeleyo zimiselwe kwiindonga zesakhiwo okanye kwiveranda, ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwizithuba zenkxaso okanye isiseko soncedo lweebhanti.
3. Phakathi kwezixhasi zenze ukuqiniswa okanye iikona apho amanyathelo aza kubamba khona.
4. Izitepsi zensimbi zinokuqulunqwa ngamanyathelo ensimbi okanye enze isigqibo ngoyilo lweebhodi zeplanga.
Khetha ucingo lokuhombisa okanye wenze iisandla ngokuzimeleyo ekuthinteleni kwakhona kwi-beams yenkxaso. Unokuthenjwa ukudibanisa izinto zentsimbi usebenzisa i-welding-ukusetyenziswa kwee-bolts ezikhawulezayo kuthatha ixesha elininzi kwaye kunciphisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Jonga ngokufanelekileyo kwiziphene zesitalato ngesinyithi ngocingo oluqinileyo kunye namanyathelo amaplanga.
Izitebhisi zangaphandle zigqala i-Extwe ngaphandle kwezindlu, iindawo zelizwe, zilungele ukufikelela ngokukhululekileyo kwi-porch ephezulu, ye-attic okanye ezantsi okanye ilula ukulungisa kunye nokugcinwa. Ngokubona kwawo, abanini bepropathi banokuzikhetha ngoMatshi okanye kwi-screw esuka ngasekupheleni, ikhonkrithi, intsimbi. Izitebhisi zinokwenziwa ngokungazinzileyo ukugcina imali, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinzima kungcono ukungenela iinkqubo.
Indlela yokwenza izitepsi zethutyana ngezandla zakho (1 ividiyo)
Iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zezitepsi ezitalatweni (iifoto ezingama-55)
