Ukwandiswa kweminyango kwizakhiwo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo

Ukulungiswa kuhamba kunye nokugqiba kwegumbi, apho imilinganiselo yemilinganiselo yeminyango yemveliso yale mihla ihlala ingadluli kwimilinganiselo yokuvula umnyango. Yandisa ukuvulwa kwegumbi kwiindonga zezitena okanye iiphatho zekhonkrithi, eneneni ngezandla zakho.

Ukuqiqa kunye nemigangatho yeMinyango

Nokuba yeyiphi na injongo yokusebenza yokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, nasiphi na isakhiwo sinokuvulwa eludongeni eludongeni njengegalelo, kunye nomyalezo wezakhiwo ezikufuphi.

Ukonyusa umnyango ngaphandle kweminyango

Oku kukuba sijonga umnyango kwicala elibonakalayo. Kodwa ixesha lale mihla lichaza imithetho emitsha yokulungiselela uyilo lwangaphakathi. Iyakhula, amakhaya afuna uhlobo "lwezahlulo", eyokwandisa ngokubonakalayo, kwaye aphefumle ngokuphefumla ngokukhanya, ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubukhulu bendawo yokuhlala.

Kukho iimeko kunye nezinye iindlela xa ikwinqanaba lokugqibela lokulungisa ibonisa into yokuba ubungakanani bokuvula okukhoyo akunakuyifumana uyilo lwanamhlanje lomnyango. Enye into engqondweni ngakumbi xa ucango lwenziwe phantsi komyalelo. Nokuba le meko kukho indlela elula yokuphuma, ebandakanya ukwandisa izinto ezivulekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba enze ubungakanani bobukhulu obunyusiweyo bokuqunjelwa koyilo lwangaphakathi bonke uyilo lwangaphakathi, kufanelekile ukuba ulwandiso lwangocango lube lusizi kwaye lungekho mngcipheko, iMigangatho kunye neMigangatho yokunyamezelana.

Ukwandiswa kwendawo ngokusika i-niche kwindinyana

Ngapha koko, yandisa iminyango yeminyango ayisiyongxaki kulo naluphi na udonga. Kodwa iindawo ezivulekileyo kwiindonga zebharhule zineengxaki ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha ekugqibeleni azikwazi:

• Ke kwizakhiwo zohlobo lwendlu engaphantsi komhlaba, ivumelekile ukuba yandise kwaye inciphise nayiphi na indawo yokuvula. Ukuba kukho isicwangciso sesakhiwo kunye nokumiselwa kwamanqaku omsebenzi, kunokwenzeka ukusika ukuvulwa kodonga lwezithulu, ukomeleza nje imiqadi yephangi.
• Kwizakhiwo ezinamagumbi amaninzi, ukwandiswa kwezinto ezivulekileyo kufuneka kungangqinelani ne-BTI, eya kuba sisiqinisekiso sokuba umthwalo kwiphaneli yodonga ngexesha lokuphumelela (ukwanda) akugqithi kwimigangatho yempembelelo.

Inqaku ngesihloko: Iipompo zokujikeleza: injongo, iimpawu eziphambili

Ukususela oko indlu yangoku yolwakhiwo Oluhlalwini lwakhiwe lwakhiwa rhoqo ", kwaye akukho nguqu yangaphakathi ekufuneka yenziwe apho, siya kuthetha ngamagumbi aseflethini.

Igumbi lokuCwangciswa ngokuPhawulezileyo elinokuthintela inguqu

Njengoko uyazi, izicwangciso zezakhiwo zanamhlanje zikuvumela ukuba unyuse i-fantasy, kwaye ubeke iindonga ezivulekileyo phantsi kweminyango emiselweyo. Ke amagumbi ezizakhiwo zeSoviet ahambisa ubuncinci bendawo yegumbi, apho kuya kucelwa khona.

Ke, iiparamitha zemigangatho ngokwe-snip zibonelela ngezi zikhombisi zilandelayo kubungakanani beebhloko zendlu:

• Ububanzi bobubanzi kufuneka bube kuluhlu ukusuka kwi-550 mm ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800 mm, kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa.

Iingcango zenzelwe ukufakelwa kwiindawo zococeko kunye notshintsho ekhitshini lungabi ngaphezulu kobubanzi obungama-550 mm. Amagumbi aphilayo, amagumbi okulala kunye negalelo, ububanzi bomnyango bufanele bube ngama-800 mm ubuncinci.

• Ukuphakama kwebhloko kuyahluka ukusuka ngo-1900 mm ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2100 mm.

Ubungakanani bezalathiso zobubanzi / ubude bomgangatho, ukuba sijonga ukuvulwa eludongeni ngokubhekisele kwimigangatho ye-stip, ibonakaliswa kwenye iparamitha - ubukhulu bodonga kwi-75 mm isalathisi. Abavelisi, nabo, banike iibhloko zomthengi ngomgangatho wobubanzi be-15 ukuya kwi-70 mm.

Ubungakanani beTheyibhile yeTheyibhile yangaphakathi

Kuyavela ukuba ayisiyongxaki yokwenza idlela, kodwa kunyanzelekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo imigangatho yemfuno ezifunwayo stip xa ukhetha ucango, kunye nezithintelo ezikhoyo kwindalo evulekileyo:

• Ubungakanani obukhulu obuvumelekileyo kwisithuba sokudonga esirhabaxa bunokuba bububanzi be-2000 mm, ukuphakama kuyinto engama-2100 mm.
• Izithuba eziphakathi kwezakhiwo ezikufuphi nobukhulu bobungakanani kufuneka bomelezwe ziinkxaso.
• Iindinyana zandisiwe kwiiparamitha ezichaziweyo nangakumbi ekuthatheni iindonga, kuyacetyiswa ukomeleza inkxaso yenkxaso nakwiziko.

Inqaku lesihloko: I-faupet yeshawari

Eyona ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu eyandulela ukwanda kwesiqendu phakathi kwendawo, yimvume yexwebhu imvume yokwenza loo msebenzi, elingana nochulumanco lwezakhiwo:

• izatifikethi ezivela kwi-BTI;
• khupha kwincwadi yendlu;
• Isicwangciso somgangatho wesakhiwo;
• isicwangciso sobutyebi;
• Cwangcisa kumanqanaba omsebenzi kunye nezinye.

ISICWANGCISO SOKUGQIBELA SESIFUNDO: Imigca ebomvu ibonisa ubume bangoku

Yandisa isicatshulwa kwiNdlu yePaneli

Kukwindawo yephaneli ethi umbuzo awuwumangalisi umbuzo.

Ukugcoba umsebenzi yinto enkulu kakhulu

Ixesha lomsebenzi ekuphambene kuloyilo kwizakhiwo ezinamaphepha amaninzi zinqwenelekayo ukunciphisa kwelona xesha lifutshane kakhulu. Inkqubo yokukhweza okanye ukusika udonga akumdaka kuphela kwaye uthulile, kodwa ukwanengxaki kwaye ushukumisa.

Indlela engasabelanga yabamelwane ilungele, ke iyimfuneko ukuba isondele kwinkqubo yokusika kwaye inkqonkqoze i-Overlap Cavity ekuqaleni:

• Lungiselela indawo ephantsi komsebenzi: Ukuyifihla ifanitshala kunye nezinye izinto ezinefilimu yokwakha ukuze zisindiswe ngokugqithisileyo.
• Thenga iingxowa ezizodwa zokuqokelela iziqwenga zeendonga kunye nenye inkunkuma ukuya ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyenza ngokulula kwaye iphumeze ize iphume kwaye ingene ekuthumeleni nasekuchitheni.
• Njengesixhobo sokusebenza, siboleka okanye sithenge: Isipikili, i-LOmik, i-lemik, i-rinder kunye nesiletha.
• Ukuze indawo yendinyana phakathi kwezakhiwo eziveliswe ngezandla zayo, yayingeyonto inqabileyo kuwe, yiba ngumphetho, iiglasi ezikhethekileyo, eziza kukhusela ngokuthe gabalala.

Yandisa ubungakanani bendawo yokuhlangana kwi-panel yesakhiwo sephaneli kumanyathelo athile omsebenzi:

1. Sikhupha uyilo oludala ucango oludala:

   

   Ukuphazamisa izipili

   isipikili sokutshixiza kuphazamisa iplantiband kunye nezinto ezintle; Susa ilaphu kunye neelogo, qhubeka ngokutyibilika ukusuka ngezantsi; Sika iiracks ezithe nkqo kunye ne-grinder kwaye uyikhuphele ngesikizi esifanayo; I-jumper ephezulu nayo inokuphazamiseka ngumfuyi-mfuno okanye ishiye kwindawo ukuba ulwandiso alucwangciswanga.

2. Ibekwe kwisekethe yokwandisa isishumi esijikeleze umda wodonga.
3. Emva koko kwi-contour, imingxunya yenziwa yi-Shock Drill kwinyathelo leesentimitha ezininzi ukwenza lula intshabalalo ende.
4. Iiphaneli ezisika zenziwa kwicala ngalinye.
5. Xa ukusikwa kwe-uqinintrement kufezekiswa, ungathatha isilephu kwaye ususe iintsalela zodonga ngamafutha ayothusayo.

Amanqanaba aphambili elungiselelo elandisiweyo lokuvula kwisitovu

Ukuvulwa eludongeni lodonga olongezelelekileyo kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuphuculwe, nokuba udonga alusosiseko esitshatileyo. Ukomeleza isithuba senziwe senziwe i-spied kunye neekona zensimbi kunye necandelo lentonga lentonga.

Yandisa isicatshulwa kwindawo yezitena

Kudonga olwenziwe nge-Brick Masonry, ukwanda kwezinto ezivulekileyo kwenziwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Xa isebenza, kubalulekile ukulandela ukuchaneka nokulawula inqanaba lomthwalo wothusayo ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuqaqanjelwa kwaphela. Isixhobo somsebenzi sivumelekile ukusebenzisa okufanayo nomsebenzi onodonga lwephaneli, kodwa isitokhwe ukongeza:

• chisel;
• isando;
• Drill.

Amanqanaba omsebenzi wenziwa malunga nala manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Kukho umnyango wokuvula kwixesha elizayo kwi-contour.

   

   Ukomeleza imiqadi ephezulu ye-jumper kunye ne-bolts eziqinileyo

2. I-jumper idluliselwe xa kukho imfuneko. Kuyenzeka ukomeleza i-masonry ephezulu usebenzisa i-chastler yentsimbi.
3. Sika kwilungu le-grinder eludongeni kumanqaku achaziweyo.
4. Ingaphakathi lokuphela kodonga linokufakwa ngaphandle kunye nesilephu, kwaye i-perimeter icocwe nge-chisel nge-hammer, i-drill okanye i-perator.
5. Izinto ezongeziweyo zingcono ukususa nodonga ngezandla, emva kokufunda isisombululo esivela kwimigca.
6. I-contour egqithileyo iyabhabha i-grinder.
7. I-perimeter ikwanqweneleka ukwandisa uyilo lwe-weldaled.

Ukomeleza uyilo

Ekupheleni komsebenzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge ukuthembeka kweziphuli eludongeni. I-spits ezibonakalayo kwi-SEAMS kunye nee-rocks kufuneka ziqhotyoshelwe.

Isiphelo somsebenzi siphawulwa ngokujonga ingqibelelo yomjikelezo wenguqu phakathi kwamagumbi eludongeni. Izikwere kunye nezitenxo zinqunyulwe ngokucocekileyo kunye nokubetheka phantsi kofakelo lonyango lomnyango kunye noyilo oluhle, okanye i-arch evunyiweyo iqwalaselwa.

(Ilizwi lakho liya kuba ngowokuqala)

Ukulayisha ...

Inqaku lesihloko: ikhekhe lomgangatho ofudumeleyo ngezandla zabo