Isikimu seFleyini: I-Wirout Suring Day

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukulungiswa kwindlu yayo akuqhelekanga. Kodwa into engaphakathi inyuliweyo, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwesidima, ayiyi kuvelisa umbono owufunayo. Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo ukuba ubukho bezixhobo zombane kumagumbi unyuke kakhulu, i-wiring endala ayihlangabezana nalo umthwalo. Ukufezekisa uzinzo noKhuseleko kufuna iskimu esichanekileyo sendawo yokuhlala. Akudingeki ukuba umenywe kwiingcali. Ukuba kukho umnqweno, ukutshintshwa kwe-wiring endala kunokwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo.

Ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kwindlu

Ukusasazwa ngokuchanekileyo kokukhanya, baceba kwaye bacinga ukukhanyiswa kwezindlu. Ayifanele ihambelane noyilo lwangaphakathi, kwaye lusabonelela abahlali ngokulula nentuthuzelo.

Ungayenza njani

Zimbini iintlobo zokukhanyisa: Uhlobo lwasekhaya noluphezulu. Ngokwamagama, kucacile ukuba i-jikelele isetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa igumbi lonke, kwaye ingingqi kuphela kwindawo ethile. Ukuba sithetha okungakumbi malunga nokukhanya kwendawo, kuyahlulwa ekubeni isebenze kunye nenqaku. Ke, ukukhanya kohlobo lokusebenza kubonelelwe ngokukhanyisa indawo yokusebenza: itafile yokutyela ekhitshini, indawo ekhitshini njalo njalo. Inqaku lokukhanyisela kugxininisa iinkcukacha: Iipeyinti ezikhanyayo, izibuko, izinto ze-Deror.

Ukucwangciswa kwelungiselelo lokukhanya, kufuneka ucinge ngokupheleleyo ngento ofuna ukuyiphumeza ngenxa yoko. Gxila kuphela xa ukuthotyelwa kwengaphakathi, kodwa kukuthanda kwakhe abanini.

Ingaba udinga ntoni

Ukuphucula ukukhanya ngokuchanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula ezi nyaniso zilandelayo:

• Kwigumbi ngalinye, ukukhanya kufuneka kubonelelwe ngokukodwa. Ukuba ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kulungele igumbi lokuhlala, emva koko igumbi lokulala kufuneka linikezele ngesibane esithambileyo.

• Ubume be lamps kunye neminye imithombo yokukhanya isekwe kwindawo yokusebenza efuna ukukhanya.

• Ubukho obuchanekileyo bamandla kunye nenani lezixhobo zokukhanyisa kuya kukuvumela ukuba wenze isimo esihle.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo indawo yezibane.

Isicwangciso sokukhanya

Ukuba usondela ekuboneleleni kokukhanya eflethini kuyo yonke le mithetho, kuyila. Isikimu esikhanyayo eflethini sisekwe kuyilo lwendlu ngokwalo kwaye ngokuthe ngqo amagumbi, indlela yesilingi, ukugqiba kwempahla, ukwenziwa kwefanitshala. Emva kokuvavanya zonke izinto kumzobo wesicwangciso secebo, kufuneka ukhethe ukubekwa kwezixhobo zokukhanya, kunye neziseko kunye neziseko kunye neziseko kunye neziseko kunye neziseko kunye neziseko kunye neziseko kunye neziseko.

Ukubalwa kokukhanya (imigangatho kunye nenani lezibane)

Ukuqinisekisa uyilo olunobuchule bokukhanya, kunyanzelekile ukuba ubone ukuba loluphi amandla oya kuba lilungelo lokuhlala. Ukusuka apha, olo phawu lubalwa njengenani lemithombo yokukhanya kunye nezibane ze-incopscent zilungele indawo ethile. Malunga nayo yonke imithetho, amandla akhanyayo asasazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: Rho yonke i-5 m2 ikhanyisela isibane ngamandla angama-60-65 kw. Ngokusekwe kwezi zikhombisi, ngekhe kube nzima ukubala ngokuchanekileyo inani leebhalbhu zokukhanya ezifunwa ligumbi elithile.

Cinga ngomzekelo, zingaphi izibane ekufuneka zigqunywe ngegumbi lokuhlala elinendawo ye-15 m2. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa izibane zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Inkqubo yoqhakamshelwano

Emva kwenani lezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukhanyiso, qhubeka ngokusekwa kwesicwangciso esikhanyayo eflethini. Ibonisa indawo yezibane okanye amaqela okukhanyisa, kunye nezinto ezisebenza kuzo ukuvula kunye nemithombo yokukhanya.

Uhlobo lweenkolelo ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka luqatshelwe. Umzekelo, unokubeka umbala okanye i-win-vector. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba igumbi linendawo enkulu, sebenzisa ukutshintsha okuphefumla. Zenzelwe ukulawula isixhobo esifanayo sokukhanyisa, kodwa zibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zegumbi.

Umzekelo, isicwangciso sokukhanya esikhanyisa ngokutshintshana

Umzobo wesekethe ukwaphawula uhlobo lokukhanyisa - phaling okanye udonga olunyusiweyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwisikimu, elawula inqaku lokukhanya linxulumene nokuba yeyiphi into elawula.

Inqaku lesihloko: Isibane segumbi labantwana: Iingcebiso zombutho

Umzekelo weSkingo le

Makhe sinike umzekelo weskimu sokubonelela ngegumbi elinye legumbi elinendawo emalunga ne-40 m2. Ngokungqinelana nemilinganiselo, akukho ngaphezulu kwe-8 yezibane ziya kudinga.

Izixhobo zokukhanyisa kwigumbi elinye legumbi linokwenziwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

• 3 Phola i-liminaists kwiphayipha;
• I-chandelier enye;
• Isicelo sesibini;
• isibane esinye;
• Isibane sokukhanyisa itafile ebhaliweyo.

Iskimu esikhanyayo kwigumbi elinye

Ukufakwa kwezibane ezikwigumbi elinendawo efanayo, kodwa zinamagumbi amabini, zinikezelwe:

• Ii-chandelier ezimbini;
• I-3-4 ye-phalility ye-3-4;
• isibane sedesika;
• Isiqwenga esibini kunye ne-lampher.

Ukukhanyisa ukulala

Isibane kufuneka senziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yokukhanya:

• Inqaku le-leminaires lifakwe kwimilinganiselo enqunyanyisiweyo okanye yolula.

• I-chandeliers eqhelekileyo ifakwe ngeendlela ezimbini: nyusa kwi-hook emphezulu wecala okanye ngoncedo lweedosi.

Izibane zodonga zisetyenzisiwe, iitafile zetafile yokukhanyisela indawo ethile. Amaphepha e-LED afumene ukusasazwa ngokubanzi ukubonelela ngesibane esongezelelweyo. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni zeziphi iintlobo zezixhobo zokukhanyiswa, ziya kusetyenziswa, iskimu se-wiring sikhethiwe.

Kwividiyo: imigaqo yoyilo lokukhanyisa eflethini.

I-wiring wiring yombane ngezandla zakho: ukusuka kwiskimu ngaphambi kofakelo

Ukuphunyezwa kwe-gasket yombane kwiNdlu kunoxanduva kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwamava kunye nezakhono ezithile, musa ukwenza. Eyona nto iphambili ukwazi iinkalo ezichanekileyo ze-wiring, efundwayo kwaye zenze izikimu, unezakhono ze-injini yombane. Kodwa yonke le nto inokwahlulwa kwaye yenze irhasi. Ukwenza oku, faka iingcebiso kuzo zonke iinkalo.

Imigaqo esisiseko

Yonke imithetho ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa i-wiring ye-wiring, njengokwezinye iintlobo zomsebenzi wokwakha, zigqunywe ngesantya esisezantsi kwaye siye. I-wiring enokuthenjwa kufuneka ibhekisele kwi "Imigaqo yeSixhobo soMbane (PUE)". Ukuqalwa ngokufuya, eli candelo lifundisiwe.

Siza kubonelela ngoluhlu oluphambili kwimithetho yokuhlela eflethini:

• Beka izinto eziphambili, ezinjengekhawuntara, iziseko, ukutshintsha kwemipu, njl njl., Kufuneka kwiindawo ezifikeleleka ngokulula.

• Iiparamitha zokutshintsha kotshintsho ziyahluka ukusuka kwi-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.5 m ukusuka kwinqanaba lomgangatho. Indawo kufuneka ibe kwindawo efikeleleka ngokulula emnyango ekungeneni kwegumbi. Iingcingo kufuneka zibekwe, ziqala ngaphezulu.

• Useto lweesetingi ze-0.5-0.8 m ukusuka kwinqanaba lomgangatho. Kungenxa yoko ukuthintela ukuvalwa xa kusenziwa indlu. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ubeke indawo ekufuphi kufutshane negesi kunye nesitovu sombane, kunye ne-Expression kwizinto ezilawulwa. Umgama ovela kubo kufuneka ubuncinci ube yi-0.5 m.

• Ngokutsho komgangatho, inani lezithuba licwangcisiwe ngokwesiqwengana sika-6 M2. Ngaphezulu kwenani labo livunyelwe ekhitshini, njengoko kufuneka ekunxibelelaniseni izixhobo zombane. Kwigumbi lokuhlambela, iziseko azifakwanga, kwaye igumbi lokuhlambela lingcono ukubonelela ngefestile eyahlukileyo.

• Ukubeka iingcingo kuphela kumgca othe tyaba kwaye nkqo, ophawuliweyo kwisicwangciso.

• Xa ilele, kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo indawo yemibhobho, i-oglaps kunye neminye imiqobo. Kwimeko yokuziphatha ethe tyaba ngeengcingo, umgama kufuneka ube malunga ne-10 cm, kwaye nkqo - i-15 cm.

• Kufuneka ibekwe esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingcingo azikwazi ukunxibelelana nezinto zensimbi.

• Xa ibeka iingcingo ezininzi, umgama phakathi kwabo awungaphantsi kwe-3 mm. Ikwanqweneleka ukwahlula i-wiring kwindawo ekhethekileyo.

• Iibhokisi ezizodwa kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukudinwa. Unxibelelwano luyedwa lodwa. Iingcali zithintela ukuba uqhagamshelo lwe-aluminium kunye neengcingo zobhedu.

Iprojekhthi kunye neNkqubo ye-Wiriring

Njengalo nawuphi na umsebenzi, ukubekwa kombane wombane kuqalisa ngoyilo noyilo lwesekethe. Ngendalo yabo, iingcali zibandakanyekile, eMoscow zininzi kakhulu. Ngapha koko, ukhuseleko efungeni luxhomekeke kubo, nakwindlu yonke. Le nkonzo ifanelekile imali ethile, kodwa ukhuseleko kwaye uzolile ngaphezulu kwako konke.

Ukuba kwagqitywa ekubeni enze umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye kukho ulwazi lokuqala kwicandelo lombane, emva koko yonke le mithetho ichazwe ngasentla ilandelwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imithwalo yokukhanya ibalwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuzoba iprojekthi kunye nezikimu, kuyimfuneko ukuqala ngokuphuhliswa kweempawu. Ukufakwa kwezinto kuboniswa kwifoto.

Le projekthi iqala ngokudalwa kwesicwangciso sendlu, esiphawula onke amanqaku, indawo yokutshintsha kunye neziseko zeSwitch. Emva koko, ukunikwa yonke le mithetho, imigca yamaphepha ka-upadu atsalwa. Ukuze isikimu se-wiriring ukuba sibe lula, indawo yezixhobo icingiwe kwangaphambili.

Inqaku lesihloko: Iintlobo zezibane zeCeiling kunye neMibono yoMyili yamagumbi ahlukeneyo | +80 Ifoto

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokuqulunqwa kwesekethe, i-liner icingelwa kwindawo yoqhagamshelo. Lo mzuzu ufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi. Iqhutywa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano: Ngokuhambelana, kulandelelana okanye kuxutywe. Eyona ndlela yokugqibela yeyona meko kwezoqoqosho ngokwendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nokusebenza.

Ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo ye-Points yoQhagamshelo, eyaphukileyo ibe ngamaqela:

• Ubume obukhanyise kwikhitshi, i-Porridor kunye namagumbi okuhlala;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukukhanyisela kwegumbi lokuhlambela negumbi lokuhlambela;
• isixhobo seziseko kwindawo yokuhlala;
• Ukubonelelwa ngamandla ekhitshini;
• Isixhobo seziseko zesitovu sombane.

Le yenye yemizekelo yeqela lesikimu se-wiring. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba kokukhona ngononophelo ngakumbi amaqela acinyiweyo, kokukhona noqoqosho ngakumbi yindleko zezixhobo, kwaye kulula ukuzoba iskimu. Imaski kunye nobungakanani bendlu. Kwenziwa uyilo lwegumbi elinye, kwaye kwigumbi elinendawo enkulu - ukongezwa kwezinto.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo elibalulekileyo kukubalwa komthwalo. Kuyaboniswa kwiprojekthi. Ukubala kwenziwa ngokwefomyula i = p / u. Isebenzisa amaxabiso e-P-isibalo sabaninzi izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo ukuba zisetyenziswe, usisibonisa i-voltage kwinethiwekhi.

Umzekelo woBalo lweVoltige: I-kettle yoMthombo-2.2 kW, ukukhanya kweebhalbhu ezili-10 ukuya kwi-100 w, amandla efriji kunye ne-microwaves kwinani le-1.4 W. Emachini, amandla engoku ngokwesiko ngokwesiko 220 Volts. Emva kokubala, ifunyenwe: (2200 + 1000 + 1400): 220 = 20.1 A.

Kukho iingcinga ezincinci. Unokongeza kancinci kumthwalo ofunekayo. Kodwa, ngokomgangatho, kubalulekile ukuthintela ngaphezulu kwe-25 A. Ukubala umthwalo, qalisa ukuthenga izinto eziyimfuneko ngokusekwe kwisiphumo. Ukuququzelela ukhetho, itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa i-wire yocingo olusisiseko kunye neeparamitha zentambo.

Ukufakwa kwe-wiring

Umsebenzi wokunyusa awunzima kangako, njengoko kubonakala. Apha kwindawo yokuqala kukhuseleko. Ngaphambi kokuqala, ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zilungisiwe:

• isixhobo sovavanyo;
• I-turbine okanye idrarer nge-perator;
• isikere;
• pliers.

Kubalulekile! Ngokufaka i-wiring entsha, okokuqala susa i-oved yakudala. Kule meko, kufuneka usebenzise isixhobo sokujonga i-voltage.

Ukuzoba imizobo kunye nokulungiswa kweendlela

Yonke imisebenzi iqala ngokudluliselwa komzobo ngqo kwiindonga. Lungisa indawo ngokwe-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Ngokufanelekileyo, isiCwangciso siphawula isikithi esifanelekileyo sokudlula. Emva koko phawula iindawo zokufaka izinto: iziseko, izihlangu, ezenzekelayo njalo njalo. Yonke into ibekwe ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso.

2. I-Drill nge-nozzle ye-crown kwindawo yeziseko zeesekethe kunye nezitshisi ezenziwe ngemingxunya yeebhokisi zazo.

3. Sebenzisa i-piforator, izihlangu zenziwe. Kule nto ungasebenzisa i-turbine. I-STROB kufuneka ichazwe ngobukhulu ukuze ucingo lubekwe ngokulula.

Emva komphezulu sele ilungile, iingcingo zilukhuni ngaphakathi kwendawo ukusuka kwicala lekona. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka wenze umngxunya eludongeni. Kungcono ukuba ibekwe kwikona yegumbi.

Ukunyusa ucingo oluvulekileyo

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ikhaka lifakwe kubude obuthile. Ngqo kwikhaka yi-Uzo. Ubungakanani, bamiselwa ngokwamaqela akhanyisayo. Ngesakhiwo sayo, ikhaka limi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ukuphakama kufakwe i-teminals yeengcingo zero, indawo esemkhini. Kukho i-Automati phakathi kwabo.

Unxibelelwano kwisixhobo sekhaka senziwe ngale ndlela ilandelayo: Iblowu ihleli kwi-zero-wiminal, emhlophe ukuya e-Uzo kwinxalenye yayo ephezulu, i-joyisi etyheli kwimithi. Unxibelelwano oluzenzekelayo lwenziwa ngokuhambelana.

Uhlobo oluvulekileyo lofakelo, qinisa kuqala kwimigca yebhokisi ebekiweyo. Intaba iqhutywa nge-dobel ngokuzithandela. I-roust ivaliwe kumgama malunga ne-5-7 cm, kwaye emva koko ibambe inyathelo 0.5 m.

Kubalulekile! Xa ikhulisa i-wiring-yohlobo oluvulekileyo, akukho mfuneko yokulungisa imingxunya yezixhobo kunye nokutshintsha. Isebenzisa iimveliso ezixhonywe kwindiza yodonga.

Zonke iingcingo zemigca ephawulweyo zibekwe kwibhokisi kwaye zenziwa kwiibhokisi zokuhambisa. Ngqo kuzo ziqhagamshelwe. Ungakwenza oku ngokujija ngokuqinileyo, emva koko iingcingo kufuneka zibekwe kwezonyango.

Inqaku lesihloko: Iimpawu zokukhanyisa ekhitshini: Kwenzeka ntoni kwaye njani? (Iimbono zangoku)

Uhlobo olufihliweyo

I-wiring efihliweyo ikhule kancinci ngumthamo womsebenzi. Ngokwamgaqo-siseko we-computer, ohlukileyo kudidi oluvulekileyo kuphela yinyani yokuba ibekwe ngaphakathi eludongeni, kwindawo yangaphambi kokuba ilungisiwe. Ngaphambi kokubeka iingcingo kwindawo yokubetha, nyusa iibhokisi zokutshintshelwa kunye neziseko. Zilungiselele i-Alebaster. Xa umbandela wawumkhenkce, umbhobho wombane uzala kubo kwaye ngokwesicwangciso esiswini, senziwa kwiibhokisi zokuhambisa.

Emva kokuba zonke iziseko zifakiwe, izixhobo zokukhala ziqhagamshelwe, uqhagamshelo lweempawu zenziwa kwiibhokisi, kufuneka ujonge unxibelelwano ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuthintela impazamo, "igama elithi igama elithi igama elithi igama elithi igama lesikethe ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo sombane.

Kwividiyo: imithetho ephezulu ye-wiring.

Nguwuphi ucingo oza kulusebenzisa

Iintambo ukubonelela ngombane eflethini kufuneka ukhethe ngokwemigaqo ethile. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungatshintshi nto ngokubona kwakho, kuba ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwale nkqubo kuxhomekeke koku.

Izixhobo kunye nokwakha

Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingcingo zifumaneka ngeendlela ezimbini: i-aluminium kunye nobhedu. I-Aluminium ayibizi, kodwa ubhedu lunokuthenjwa ngakumbi kwaye lukwazi ukubonelela ngenkqubo yomgangatho ophezulu.

Ngokwesimo sayo, iingcingo zahlulahlulwe zangamantloko aphambili kunye neRededelilios. Kwimeko yokuqala, izinto ezibonakalayo zivaliwe ngeqokobhe lodwa. Iimpawu zabaqhubi abangatshatanga zibandakanya: Ixabiso eliphantsi, elifanelekileyo lokukhwela, libe nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuqina. Ipropathi yokugqibela ikhokelela kwiqhekeza eliqhelekileyo lomqhubi.

Iinkosi zithanda ukusebenza ngeengcingo ezininzi. Banokumelana kakuhle nokujija, ukugoba. Ukuba isikimu sicinga ukuba ijika liphelile, uyakuqiniseka ukuba umqhubi akayi kwaphula.

I-Cable yeCable ye-Wiring kwindlu

ICandelo leCable leCable yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo. Ukusuka kwisalathiso sayo ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeka ekubeni umqhubi uya kumelana ne-voltage yokubonelela. Ilinganiswe kwiimilimitha ezisikwere. Ke, kwiQela leAluminiyam, icandelo le-vein 1 mm2 liye linokunyuka i-voltage 8 A. KapPA kunye ne-1 MM2 Imveliso ye-1 MM2 inokutsiba i-10 A.

Ukukhethwa kwamacandelo abaqhubi kufuneka balayishwe. Akuvumelekanga ukuba isebenzise iingcingo ezinamacandelo anecandelo elingaphantsi komthwalo ocetyiweyo.

Ubungqingqwa bodwa

Nawuphi na umqhubi wethungi athe wedwa. Izinto zeplastiki zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa. Ubungqingqwa bomaleko wokuhlala bumiselwa ngamanqaku amaxwebhu olawulo. Umzekelo, umqhubi, oyilelwe umthwalo we-660 v, enecandelo le-1,5-2.5 mm2, ubuncwane bufumaneka nge-0.6 mm.

Ubuninzi be-Shell

Umzuzu olandelayo ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwi-sheat engaphandle yentambo. Nguye ovala umqhubi ombalwa ophilayo. Ngokufanayo, izixhobo zeplastiki zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle, kodwa ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko yi-1.4-1.8 mm. Yenza inyani yokuba kukho ukuphambuka okufanelekileyo.

Ukumakisha

Kuyo nayiphi na intambo kukho imiqondiso ebizwa ngokuba yimakishi. Ikuvumela ukuba ufunde ngcono iimpawu zemveliso yemveliso:

• Ileta yokuqala ichaza umxholo olwenziwe kuyo iqokobhe langaphandle lemveliso.

• Ezi loo ncwadi zilandelayo zinokutyunjelwa iipropathi ezinje ngamanqanaba okuqina, ukuvutha kwe-suble the ther, ubukho beetephu zentsimbi ngaphakathi, iplanethi okanye bhetyebhetye.

• Izinto ezifundwayo ezikhoyo ziphawulwe kuphela kwiintambo ze-aluminium zeleta "a". Kwiimveliso zobhedu, ileta yezinto ezingachazwanga azichazwanga.

• Ukongeza, unokufunda ulwazi malunga nomenzi kunye nomhla wokwenziwa.

Ukufakwa kwezindlu

I-Interfation Core isenokuba inombala we-monophonic, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ukusebenzisa umtya onobungqingqwa be-1 mm ngaphaya kobude bemveliso.

Umbala wesiseko sodwa ubonakalisa injongo yomqhubi:

• Inqanaba lokuqala, libomvu, limdaka kwaye limhlophe;
• Okwesibini - zero, iblowu;
• Okwesithathu luphawu, luhlaza okanye luhlaza-tyheli.

Inkqubo yokucwangcisa ekhanyayo endlwini inoxanduva. Kodwa ukuba injongo ifezekisiwe ngayo yonke imbalelwano nemigaqo, iya kukhokelela kwisiphumo esibi. Ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kwi-Intert kuphucula isiphumo izihlandlo ezininzi. Iimpembelelo zabathengi zibalelwa kwizimvo ezifumaneka kwi-Intanethi.

Ungayikhetha njani iintambo kunye namakhaya (1 ividiyo)

Izikimu ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa kunye nemizekelo yeeprojekthi ezenziwe ngempumelelo (iifoto ezingama-55)