Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqala kokwakha, thatha isigqibo ngohlobo lwe-mandry. Khetha isitena seendonga ezinxibe iimpahla - umsebenzi uhleli, kodwa kufuneka uyazi into oyifunayo. Abavelisi banamhlanje banikezela ukhetho olubanzi kwimarike ebenokubhideka i-novice. Emva koko, ndiza kukuxelela: yeyiphi kanye kanye ekufuneka inikele ingqalelo xa isebenza, indlela yokwenza ukubala i-mason kunye nokumisela udonga oluphathayo.
Ukukhetha izitena zeendonga zebhanyazile
Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zezitena zanamhlanje: i-ceramic kunye ne-silicate. I-Ceramic (ibomvu) iqulathe udongwe, kunye ne-Silcate (emhlophe)-ukusuka kwisanti kunye ne-lime. Zonke ezinye ziziseko kwezi zimbini.
Izibonelelo zeSilAteate: Amandla, ukumelana neqanda, ukubekwa yedwa, ukudala i-microclued ye-microclued microclueclimo elungileyo, ukumelana ngomlilo, ukuqokelela ubushushu. Izinto ezingalunganga: Ubuthathaka, ubuthathaka obuthathaka obuthathaka.
Izibonelelo ze-ceramic: Ukunganyangwa kokufuma, ukumelana neqanda, ukugcina ubushushu. Ukungancedi: Ukungakhathali xa amanzi engena kwixesha le-offseison. Esona sibonelelo sibalulekileyo sezinto zokwakha amandla. Ukuzalisa ubude obugcweleyo kunye nesitena se-golt.
Kukho neklasi ezintathu zamandla:
- ubuthathaka;
- phakathi;
- Yomelele.
Ukwakhiwa, ungasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye uqhubele. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isitena esibomvu (i-ceramic) sisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinamagumbi amaninzi, iziseko, iziseko ezisisiseko, ii-chimneys kwaye azikho kuphela. I-ceral ceramic ilunge ngakumbi ukubeka ukungabinamsebenzi kunye nokuvulwa kwisakhiwo esomeleleyo.
Ukubalwa kwe-masonry
I-Masonry eyenziwe ngezandla zakho yi-inshurensi ye-hack kunye nemali enkulu yemali yakho. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele emsebenzini, kuya kuba luncedo ukujonga ithiyori kunye nokufunda i-snarip (imigangatho yokwakha). Ukuba isakhiwo sakho sihlangana neemfuno ezimiselweyo, ziya kunceda ukuyisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni.
Ukubalwa kozinzo kwenziwa kwisiseko sokuqhekeka okuchaziweyo kumaxwebhu. Khumbula ukuba uzinzo luxhomekeke kubunzima kunye nokuphakama. Ubungqingqwa bungcono - bhetele. Ukuthintela izinto ezingafunekiyo, zifunde ngononophelo lwezinto 6.16 - 6.20 SNIP II-22-81. Iitafile zinedatha kunye neendlela zokubala ziya kukunceda wenze yonke into elungileyo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iingcango ze-aluminium: Iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye neentlobo
Ichazwe nge-masonry, nikela ingqalelo kwezinye izinto:
- Layisha eludongeni (oku kuchaphazela izikhukula zesakhiwo).
- Imozulu (iyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayinamandla nje, kodwa ikwanokuncitshiswa okufanelekileyo).
- I-Aeesthetic Factor (umzekelo, i-Masonry ukusuka kwisitena esinye siya kujongeka kakhulu kuninzi ukusuka kwisiqingatha kwaye siphindwe kabini).
Ubukhulu
Izitena sisixhobo esinokuthembekileyo esinethamsanqa elithobekileyo. Udonga, oluthi "kwisitena esinye" Lalala phantsi, siya kumelana nomthwalo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uyifumane ukuba ufuna ukonyusa ubunjineli bokushisa kunye nokuthambisa iipropathi. Imozulu yengingqi okanye ubukho bezityalo, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ecaleni kwezindlu zakho, njl.
Kukho uloyilo olunjalo:
- E Prolikikirpich - i-120 mm;
- Kwi-250 mm;
- Inye nesiqingatha-i-380 mm;
- Zimbini - 510 mm;
- Ezimbini ezinesiqingatha - i-640 mm.
Iindonga zothutho, ubukhulu becala busezantsi kwisitena esinesiqingatha (380mm). Iindonga "kwisitena esinye" sinokusetyenziswa kuphela kumgangatho wakutshanje, izakhiwo ezinamagumbi angatshatanga kunye nezihlulelo zangaphakathi.
Ungalufumana njani udonga oluphathwayo?
Udonga oluphathayo ngulowo ucinga umthwalo wezimbuko ezityelele ngasentla, iipleyiti kunye nezinye izinto. Eyona ndlela ilula yokuchonga udonga oluphathelele sisicwangciso esakhayo ekhaya. Kukho yonke into etyunjiweyo, kubandakanya nezinto zenkqubo ye-beam-beam. Ukuba akukho sicwangciso, kuya kufuneka uhambe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ukufumanisa ukuba nguwuphi ophethe udonga, kufuneka:
- Thatha indawo. Oku kubandakanya ngaphakathi, "ujonge" kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane; ejongene nesitebhisi; Iindonga ezingaphandle nezizixhasayo.
- Thatha ingqalelo ubukhulu kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Udonga oluphathekayo lunokuba sisitena, ubukhulu bayo bungaphezulu kwe-38cm. Okanye ukomeleza ipaneli yekhonkrithi, ingaphantsi kwe-14 ukuya kwi-20 cm. Ngaphandle kokuba indlu ye-monolithic, i-Interness iquka iindonga zingaphezulu kwe-20-30 cm.
- Thatha ingqalelo isiciko se-slab ye-slab kunye nemigaqo. Iipleyiti zokugqobhoza kufuneka zisekelwa eludongeni ngamacala amafutshane.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iiphaneli zesandi esenza ngokwakho: ukulandelelana kwezenzo
Ukongeza ukuba kukho iindonga ezizixhasayo nezingaphumeleleyo. Ukuzixhasa akuxhasi nantoni na, nangona kunjalo, ifuthe lomthwalo ovela kumgangatho ongentla. Ukumangalisa, njengoko unokuqonda egameni, ukutyhilwa nje komthwalo wethu (uhlala udonga lwangaphandle). Unokongeza izikhuselo apha, ezithuthwa ubunzima babo kuphela.
Isiphumo: Ukukhetha izitena zokuthengisa izakhiwo yishishini elinengxaki, efuna ulwazi kunye nengqwalaselo. Kwangelo xesha, onke amandla achithwe kwaye ixesha lakho liya kuhlawula ngaphezulu komgangatho olungileyo kunye nemali egciniweyo egciniweyo.
Ividiyo "yezindlu kunye neendonga zezitena"
Ividiyo yokufunda kwisitena kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kulwakhiwo lwezindlu. Yeyiphi i-bick kungcono ukufaka isicelo sokwenza iindonga zenxuwa, kwaye oko kufanelekile ukwahlulwa.