Izitepsi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlu, ngoncedo lwayo lusombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki yokwandisa inani lamanqanaba namagumbi esakhiwaya. Oluyilo alufanele lube nomtsalane kuphela kwaye lwasondela ngaphakathi kwigumbi, kodwa nokufezekisa iimfuno zoKhuseleko ezisisiseko kunye neempawu zoMsebenzi.
Namhlanje, izitepsi ze-monolithic zihlala zithandwa kakhulu, ezahlulahlula ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nemilo yeemilo kunye nobungakanani. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqwalasela amanqaku olu hlobo lwezakhiwo, kunye nenkqubo yokuqiniswa njengelinye lamanqanaba olwakhiwo lwe-monolithic.
IINGXAKI ZOKUXELISA I-Monolithic
Ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwezitepsi zokhuni kunye nentsimbi, ihlala ihleli kwiindawo zabucala unokufumana ngqo ii-monolithic frems. Oku kungenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto eziluncedo kwimveliso xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokuphucula kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo kwenkuni ukusuka kwiinkuni okanye ngesinyithi.
Iingcali zabelazise ezi zinto ziluncedo ze-monolithic izitepsi:
- Ubomi obude beenkonzo kunye neemveliso eziphakamileyo zikuvumela ukuba ugcine umsebenzi wokulungisa kunye nolondolozo olukhethekileyo;
- Ngenxa yobume bayo obukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezikhethiweyo ezifanelekileyo, izakhelo zeMonolithic zitshintshelwe kakuhle kumswakazi ophezulu, ubushushu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi;
- Ezi ziimveliso zomlilo, ezibaluleke kakhulu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inxaxheba yombane kunye nezinto zekhaya kubomi bethu;
- Isakhelo se-monolithic sinokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sezinyuko ezahlukeneyo zeemilo kunye nobungakanani, kuxhomekeka kumbono woyilo.
Elinye ithuba elingachazwanga le-monolithic izitepsis kukuba olu hlobo lwemveliso lungakwazi ukwenza i-creak. Iyonwabisa ubukho bendawo engenasixhobo enokusetyenziselwa ukugcina izinto okanye ezinye iimfuno zamakhaya.
Eyona nto iphambili kwezi zitepsi zingumgangatho obanzi wesitrato (zombini esitratweni nasekhaya). Iifom ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu buvumela ukuba uzisebenzise nakwezinye igumbi.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi ezo paramitha ezinjengokuphakama, ubude nobubanzi bamanyathelo bumiselwa ngumthengi ngokukodwa. Ngemveliso ezimeleyo yeleli, ukhetho olufanelekileyo kububanzi obungama-30 cm kunye nokuphakama kwenqanaba le-17 cm. Ukuba kukho abantwana abancinci okanye inkcazo yoyilo kunye nenkcazo yobukhulu Amacandelo kufuneka ame ngoxanduva olukhethekileyo.
Izimvo
Izitepsi zekhonkrithi ze-Monolithic zinokuba zezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo ikhokele enye. Xa kwakhiwe uyilo olunjalo, imigangatho ithathelwa ingqalelo, ngenxa yoko banokusetyenziswa kuyo kwizakhiwo ezineemfuno zoKhuseleko (amaziko onyango, amaziko kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala).
Uhlobo lotshintsho lwenqwelomoya luxhomekeke kwiikhrayitheriya ezimbini: indlela yokwenziwa nokubekwa kwindawo. Ngokwendlela yokwenziwa, iindidi ezimbini zezitepsi zahlula-hlulwa-screw kwaye zihamba. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lofakelo (indawo yokubekwa), i-monolithic yekhonkrithi ikhonkrithi inokufumaneka ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Emva koko, siya kuhlalutya nganye yezi ntlobo ngakumbi.
Ngokwendlela yemveliso
Kuxhomekeka kubuchwepheshe bokuveliswa kwemveliso ye-monolithic ukusuka kwikhonkrithi, banokuhamba okanye isikrelem. Indidi nganye inezinto zayo zomsebenzi. Ke, izinyuko ngokujikeleza kwe-90 ne-180 degrees (i-M-imile kwaye i-p-imile, ngokufanelekileyo) ikuvumela ukuba ugcine indawo yasimahla yegumbi. Kungenxa yoko le nto olu hlobo loyilo luhlala lusetyenziswa kwizindlu ezincinci okanye kumagumbi anamagumbi amabini.Kutshanje, ukuguqula izitepsi kuya kusetyenziswa ngakumbi kulwakhiwo lokuhlala. Olu luyilo lunokuhombisa naliphi na igumbi lamanqanaba amaninzi, kwaye libonelela ngendawo egudileyo kumgangatho wesibini. Kule meko, ithuba lifezekisiwe ngokuvelisa amanyathelo e-gesi (xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo, icala elingaphakathi sele lingaphezulu kwe).
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Isikere
Imodeli enjalo yesiteyiri inokusetyenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi. Inqaku elahlukileyo loyilo yingqungquthela yayo kunye nembonakalo engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukungalunganga kunokuthathwa njengentsomi yokwakha kunye nokuqiniswa kwelali yekhonkrithi yolu hlobo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izitebhisi ze-screw zifakwe kwinkxaso yodonga olukufutshane okanye kude kuyo.
Ubunzima ekuphumezelweni olo loyilo lunxulunyaniswa nesidingo sokwenza umsebenzi owenziyo ophethe imijikelezo kunye neenqwelomoya, kodwa ngemimandla eqaqambileyo.
Imuvi
Oku kwahluka kwe-monolithic steritys classic. Izitebhisi ze-movie zezona zinto zikhululekileyo kwaye zikhuselekile ukusebenza. Kulula ukwenza, kodwa kuthatha indawo engaphezulu kunemodeli yokhukula.
Olu hlobo lotshintsho lwangaphakathi luhlulwe lwahlulwe lwabandlela-ethe tye, iindlela zexesha ezimbini ngeqonga kunye neqonga lamanyathelo eqhuba.
Ukuzikhethela, kufanelekile ukuba ziyilo, zinxila kwiindonga zecala (Ulwakhiwo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iFowuni kunye nokuqiniswa, eziqhotyoshelwe kwisiseko sodonga). I-Overlap yomgangatho wesibini inokusetyenziswa, nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ifuna ukuba amaxhasi angezelelweyo xa kufakwa umsebenzi. Ukuba uceba ukwenza izitepsi ezinamacala amabini, iya kuba yeyona nto isengqiqweni ukunyusa amanyathelo (acwenyiweyo phantsi kwekopi ekhethiweyo ngeqonga) ngenkxaso eludongeni.
Ngohlobo lofakelo
Isakhelo se-monolithic sesinye sezona zinto ziphilayo neziqinisekileyo. Ngokwemveliso efanelekileyo, ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokhuseleko kwaye yahlulwe ziimpawu ezingafundekiyo zezobuchwephesha kunye nokusebenza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezakhiwo, kodwa iimodeli zekhonkrithi zezona zixhaphakileyo. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lofakelo (indawo yokufaka), zahlulahlulwe zangaphakathi nangaphandle.Ngaphandle
Amathuba okufaka izinyuko zangaphandle ezihamba zangaphandle kukho kuphela phambi kwesiseko esiphezulu sesakhiwo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le nto yesakhiwo isetyenziselwa ukuya kumgangatho wesibini okanye kwi-attic. Ukuba sithetha malunga nezitepsi ze-screw, ke kufanelekile ukuba siyindlela ekhethekileyo yokuyifumana uyilo-ngenkxaso ye-faede okanye kuphela kwi-overlap ephezulu.
Ngaphakathi
I-pecality yoyilo yolo loyilo olufakwe ngaphakathi kukungabikho kokusasaza umthwalo kunye nesiseko sesakhiwo esindongeni. Ngokunqongophala kwendawo yasimahla, sicebisa ukuba sinikele ingqalelo kwizitepsi ze-angcular spires. Zijongeka zinesitayile kwaye ziphendule kwimigangatho yokhuseleko.
Nokuba yeyiphi na inketho oyikhethayo (ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi, i-screw okanye i-screw), ngokuqinisekileyo uyakufuneka ukuqiniswa kwesitayile se-monolithic.
Ukuqiniswa kwamanqanaba avela kwikhonkrithi
Ukuqiniswa kwelinye lawona manqanaba aphambili okwakhiwa kwesitayile sekhonkrithi. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi oluvumela ukuba ufezekise amandla aphezulu olwakhiwo ngenxa yokusasazwa kwekhonkrithi. Apha ngezantsi kwifoto engezantsi ibonisa umzekelo wokuqiniswa kwesitepsi.
Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa izitepsi zekhonkrithi ngaphandle kwemodeli ekhethiweyo. Into eyahlukileyo yale nkqubo kukuba inyathelo ngalinye kunye nezinye izinto zezakhiwo zibeke ngokucacileyo iiparameter. Ukubala kufuneka kwenziwe ngokusekwe kwidatha efunyenweyo.
Hlanganisa amanqanaba amathathu okuqiniswa:
1. Ukufakwa kweFowuni.
2. Ukufakwa kweGridi yokuqiniswa.
3. Ukulungiselela kunye nokuzalisa umxube wekhonkrithi.
Sikwaphawula ukuba xa ufaka i-canopy yesinyithi kwiveranda, unokufuna ukongeza ukubeka iipleyiti ezizodwa ukugcwalisa ikhonkrithi. Iipleyiti zenziwe ngamashiti esisinyithi, kwaye zokwenza ngekhonkrithi, i-marmatore isetyenziswa i-10-16 cm ("i-mumeache" ifungelwe kwisiseko).
Imigaqo esisiseko
Izitepsi zomsebenzi wexesha elide ziphantsi kwemithwalo enzulu yoomatshini kunye nefuthe elibi lezinto zokusingqongileyo. Izakhiwo zeMonolithic ngaphandle kwemithwalo yazo ubunzima kunye nezihloko zabantu ezisebenzisa izitepsi zenguqu ukusuka kumgangatho omnye ukuya kwelinye. Konke oku kukhokelela ekuyolule iingqekembe ezisezantsi zezinto eziphantsi, nakwindlela yokukhawulezisa i-faziso ephezulu. Izigqibo ezinjalo ziba ngunobangela wentshabalalo.Ukuthintela iingxaki kwixesha elizayo, kubalulekile ukuba uphinde ufake izitepsi ngokwemigaqo emiselweyo:
- Imisebenzi iqala emva kokubeka umsebenzi, yale isebenzisa i-marmature ene-Deameter ye-10 mm. Inqunyulwa ngokungqinelana neeparamitha ze-strirser kwaye zinxulunyaniswa nohlobo lwegridi.
- Ngaphezulu kwegridi yokuqiniswa kwe-widi ye-wiid ngowesibini. Umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka ungaphakathi kwe-12 cm, apho iimeko zenzwane zenziwa eludongeni lwerhasi
- Umaleko okhuselayo wesakhelo sokuqinisekisa kufuneka ube ngama-25 mm ukusuka kumda wekhonkrithi, kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo le-mesh yi-100 mm nge-100 mm.
- Uyilo kufuneka lwenziwe ngendlela yokuba igrid ayilali kwisiseko, indawo ephantsi kwayo (malunga ne-3 cm) inokugcwaliswa ziingubo zeplastiki ezizodwa okanye izitena ze-ricks.
- Kananjalo, eyona nto yayiphambili lukhona bokukhululwa (ubude ukuya kwi-4 cm) ngexesha lenqwaba ekufuneka ihambe emgangathweni okanye kwi-slab ngaphezulu.
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Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo
Njengakwimisebenzi emininzi yokwakha, inqanaba lokuqala yeyona nto inzima. Ukwenza umzobo kufuna ulwazi nezakhono ezikhethekileyo, kunye nokunikela ingqalelo kwiNkosi. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba uyilo lolondolozo oluchanekileyo lunengqongqo engqongqo kunye nokuqina.
Ukuqiniswa, izitepsi zifuna iseti esekwe kwizixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Okokuqala uya kudinga:
- Abacwangcisi abavela kwiplastiki enexesha elidala.
- UMarture wecandelo elihambelanayo.
- I-nippers eqhelekileyo.
- I-wire yecingo.
- Igridi yemilitha ye-millimeter.
Emva kokuba ufumana zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo, kuya kufuneka utsala umzobo oqingqiweyo. Kananjalo musa ukulibala ukuba umatshini we-welding kunye nombane unokuthathwa umsebenzi. Kwinqanaba loyilo, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba ubuninzi bomgama phakathi kwamacandelo okuqiniswa, kuba imivalo yentsimbi kufuneka ifakwe ngokucacileyo ngokwesicwangciso.
Ukufakwa kweFowuni
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lolwakhiwo lwayo nayiphi na into yokwakha, kufakwe i-formark. Abakhi abaninzi be-novice ayihambelani kakhulu kweli nqanaba lomsebenzi, nangona kunjalo kuxhomekeke kwindlela oya kuba nako ukuhlanganisa isikhokelo semveliso yexesha elizayo. Ukufakwa kweFowuni yeForakshini ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa kwekhonkrithi kwenziwa usebenzisa iibhodi, iimakhishithi zePlywood, kunye nemivalo yamaplanga ngenkxaso. Njengomntu okhuselayo, umsebenzi owenziwayo ugutyungelwe ngePolyethylene okanye iRobemidi.
Ukuncamathisela izinto ezizodwa, ungasebenzisa ukuzimela okuqhelekileyo okanye isikrelem (oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ngokukhawuleza uyilo xa kukho imfuneko).
Unxibelelwano lwe-brunette lwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini: ukunqunyulwa kwentambo okanye nge-Willing. Kwisixa esikhulu somsebenzi, ukhetho lwesibini lulunge ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-welding kufuna izakhono ezizodwa.
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuthatha ithuba lokufumana i-wire ye-wire ye-wit, emva koko ukwenzela uyakufuna iimveliso zentsimbi yentsimbi ene-wiel yentsimbi ene-1 mm.
Ukulungiswa kwe-screass yokuqinisa
Phantsi kwesakhelo sokuqinisekisa, iingcali ziqonde uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokwakha eziquka iintonga zokudibanisa (zingenza zombini ngemizobo esisiseko nakwindawo yokwakha kwi-forwork). Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeGridi yokuqinisa-iflethi kunye nevolumu. Kwakhona, isakhelo esinjalo sinokwahlulwa sibe yimodeli, xa sisenza umgaqo-siseko we-welding kunye noyilo usebenzisa i-wire yokutshiza.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-UBIquitious yekhefu lokuqiniswa kwe-wimidition ayimangalisi, kuba ngenxa yale nkqubo, amandla, ukuthembeka, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuzila kwexesha elizayo koyilo lwexesha elizayo luyanda.
Ukuthetha malunga nokulungiswa kwesakhelo sesakhelo sokuqiniswa, kufanelekile ukuba sizifezekise iindlela eziphambili zokufumana ii-daire ze-wire wire, bayabela:
- Umnqamlezo;
- umqolo kabini;
- uhlobo lwe-angular;
- Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yemitha.
Kukho indlela enye yendlela yokwenza lula ukukhula-koku kufuneka ufake i-hook screwdriver, okanye ukwenza le misebenzi kusetyenziswa imizimba eqhelekileyo. Umgaqo wokuqiniswa kwezitepsi bonakalisa ukonakaliswa kwamasebe amabini, ayawadibanisa.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubude becandelo elinjalo bubalwa ngokuveliswa kwecandelo le-Arsari. Emva koko, zonke izinto zinxulunyaniswa kwiindawo ezintathu nge-wiel yentsimbi.
Qokelela iprofayile kunye nokufakwa kwesakhelo
Ngokuqiniswa kwezitepsi, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isakhelo kwiintonga ze-A-400 okanye i-A-500, iCandelo eliPhakamileyo le-1 ukuya kwi-4 cm. Eyona nto iphambili kulowo I-Euromare, inqaku layo lubukho beembambo ezinqamlezileyo kumacala amabini. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wandise amandla olwakhiwo, olubaluleke kakhulu kwimithwalo ephindaphindiweyo.
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Ukusetyenziswa kweprofayili ngeembambo kude neyona ndlela ilungileyo kweli meko, kuba inomgangatho omncinci wokunamathela kwisisombululo sekhonkrithi (i-euronerner ezine.
Kwividiyo: ukuvelisa isakhelo sezitebhisi ze-monolithic.
Izikim zokuqiniswa
Olona khetho luqhelekileyo kukuqiniswa kwezitepsi yindawo yesakhelo esivela ngezantsi nangaphezulu. Phambi koku, igridi yenziwa kwizinto ezizodwa ngokubopha okanye i-welding (ngamanye amaxesha isetyenzisiwe, isetyenziselwa ukuba umisele umgama othile). Iigridi ezisezantsi nezingaphezulu zidityaniswe kunye, zinokuthengwa kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile yokwakha.
Ngokuthe ngqo ufakelo lwezinto ezenziweyo kwi-rods yexesha elide kwi-odolo ye-checker (kwi-ntlobo yokufumana iyunifomu yomxube wekhonkrithi).
Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela enjalo ivumela ukufaka ufakelo olufanelekileyo lwesakhelo kwi-monolith yemveliso yekhonkrithi yexesha elizayo. Uninzi lwabakhi olunamava bayavuma ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwenxalenye ephezulu nangaphantsi kwinguqulelo efanelekileyo kufuneka ibe yi-3 cm. Kukwakufanele ukuba uqale i-3 cm. Kukwakufanele ukuqaphela i-odolo ye-3. Kukwakufanele ukuqalisa i-odolo yomsebenzi-kuqaliswa kungcono ukuba uqale apha ngezantsi.
Ukukhetha inkqubo yokuqinisa
Njengoko sele sithethe, ukuqiniswa kwezitepsi zenziwa kusetyenziswa i-rods efanelekileyo, ibaluleke kakhulu kwiziseko ezilula. Ukonyusa amandla, ezinye ii-wizards zibeka isakhelo sokuqinisekisa kwimisebenzi ngohlobo loomceli owodwa obekwe emacaleni. Kananjalo oku kungasetyenziswa ii-beams okanye iikona (zonyuselo olongezelelweyo lwamanyathelo ukusuka ekubonakalisweni koomatshini).
Ke, inkosi ye-novice inokukhetha iskimu sokuqinisekisa, esiya kuthi silula ekusetyenzisweni kwaye kwangaxeshanye asiyi kuphazamisa ukuthembeka kokubekwa kwengqondo okucwangcisiweyo. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgama ophezulu phakathi kokuqiniswa okungaphaya kwe-35-40 cm.
Xa uqinisekisa amanyathelo afanayo, kubalulekile ukuchaza ezi parameter kwangaphambili ngoncedo lwefomula ekhethekileyo. Masinike ubabalo oluqikelelweyo: Ubude - 2 m, ubuncinci beplate ye-10 cm, owona mgama uphambili phakathi kweentonga yi-19 cm, emva koko ububanzi boqinelwa kufuneka ibe yi-1 cm.
Ukuba uza kwakha izitepsi ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi kwindlu yelizwe, ungasebenzisa le paramitha ilandelayo (ukuba indawo yegumbi ivumela).
Iiyunithi ezisisiseko zokuFunda
Ukuqiniswa kwezitepsi kunokwenziwa ngezandla zakho, kodwa kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kulungiselelo lweendawo eziphambili (eziya kuthi zinikezwe ngezantsi). Umzekelo olula: Ipali ye-monolithic kufuneka iqiniswe kokubini ukusuka ngasentla nangaphantsi, kwaye ukuqiniswa okungaphezulu kufuneka kubekwe kwizitepsi. Inxalenye ephezulu yesakhelo ikhethwe ifana nokuqiniswa okuphantsi.
Xa usebenza nezitepsi ezinamacala amabini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo amaqonga, ziqhotyoshelwe eludongeni zisebenzisa enye yeendawo eziqinisekisiweyo zekhonkrithi ezingama-20 nge-20 cm. Kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze iqonga eliyiphambili le-20. Kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze iqonga eliphambili lokuphakamisa, Kwi-Intanethi, inani elikhulu lezixhobo zevidiyo liboniswa ngeendlela ze-upeperstset yenkxaso kwizitena. Ukonyusa i-gigidity yezitepsi, indawo kufuneka ifakwe kwisakhelo sokuqina kwendawo esezantsi nengaphezulu.
Ukubalwa kwezixhobo
Ukuba ucwangcisa ukwanda kwezi zitepsi, ngokuqinisekileyo uyakufuna ubalo olucokisekileyo lokuqina kolu hlobo lokwakha. Ukubala inani leentonga zexesha elide, le ndlela ilandelayo isetyenziswa: ubude bezinyuko zahlulahlulwe zangamanqanaba e-shaft, emva koko ixabiso elifunyenwe ubude beentonga zexesha elide. Le ndlela isebenza kwaye xa isebenza kunye namakhonkco endlela. Kwaye ekubeni ifreyim yokuqiniswa kokuqiniswa iqulethe iintonga ezimbini, emva koko isiphumo sokubala kufuneka saphindwe kabini.
Izitepsi zesakhiwo esinzima sendalo, owona msebenzi uphambili kuyo utshintsho olukhuselekileyo ukusuka kumgangatho omnye uye kwelinye. Kungenxa yoko le mveliso enjalo kufuneka yomelele. Iyonke, izakhiwo zentsimbi okanye ezenziwe ngomthi zingafumaneka kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, kodwa akunakulindeleka ukuba unyanzele i-monolithic monolithic, kuba ezo zinto zahlula-hlulwa ngokuthembekileyo kunye nenkonzo ende.
Iingcebiso zengcali (1 ividiyo)
Izinyuko zekhonkrithi kwi-Interrior (iifoto ezingama-38)
