Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Anonim

I-ribbon Foundation olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesiseko

Ukwakha indlu. Ke ngoko, yonke into icacile kuye, kodwa oko kwahlukileyo kuye

Ukuzalelwa okuncinci (i-mzlf)-isiseko se-dowwstream encinci, indlela yokubala kwaye uyibala

yenze?

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Isiseko seBLEL SEFL

Iimpawu-imigaqo eyakhayo yokusebenza

Isiseko se-belt esincinci esincinci okanye i-mzff nje

Indlela yokubeka isukufana iyafana nomnye, nangona kunjalo, inomahluko obalulekileyo:

  • Ubunzulu besiseko esinama-700 mm;
  • Ibekwe ngaphezulu kwendawo yomhlaba wokukhulula;
  • Yenzelwe ukucwangciswa kwi-wasasazwa (ityhuwe)

    Imihlaba.

Eyona nto iphambili kwisiseko sebhanti esincinci

Ubuxoki kwinto yokuba inika ithuba lokuthatha i-frosty

Umhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphandle kokungqongqo kwe-mzff yoyilo,

Kunye nobunzima bendawo yonke, buya phezulu kwaye ezantsi kuxhomekeke kwixesha

yonyaka. Kuba isiseko asisasebenzi kakhulu, kodwa sitshintsha ngokufanayo, emva koko

Ngenxa yoko, ayitshabalali kwi-oscillations enjalo.

Umzobo wesiseko se-tepe seta

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

I-COORD YOKUGQIBELA I-RIBBON FUNIS-SCHEME

  1. I-Sand-Gravel Pilmelo
  2. Iteyiphu yesiseko
  3. Ungqimba lwamanzi
  4. Nkqo (okanye ukungqengqa)
  5. I-Arsal (i-Diameter 12)
  6. I-Arsal (i-Diameter 8)
  7. Cocol
  8. Udonga

Ndingasisebenzisa phi - isicelo

I-RIBBOn yesiseko esihle seRibbon silungele

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ezinamacala asezantsi kunye nezinye izinto ezivela kwezo zixhobo

Engayi kwenza uxinzelelo olubonakalayo ekuphela kwesiseko. Ukuze

Ukubekwa kunye nezixhobo zibandakanya:

  • iikhabhathi zelog;
  • Ikhonkrithi yeSeillic-Ikhonkrithi yeFolre, igesi - igesi;
  • Isitena esikhanyayo
  • Izakhiwo zepaneli zesakhelo.

Xa ucwangcisa isiseko sobubanzi obukhulu kuyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba sakhe izindlu ezinzima kwibar okanye kwiilogo. Kodwa kule meko, umhlaba uya kukhupha kubunzulu obufutshane kwaye kukungabikho kwengcaciso yesiseko. Ke, ukuba ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esibalulekileyo kucwangcisiwe-kungcono ukuxhobisa i-ribbon monolithic yesiseko.

Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ukunyuka kobubanzi beRibbb

Iziseko zokuzalela ezincinci zenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba bakheke

izindlu ezine-attic. Ububanzi obukhulu beteyiphu yesiseko (ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye negumbi elingaphantsi)

Kuyanceda ukunciphisa ubunzulu besiqhamo somhlaba esikhathini phantsi komgangatho.

Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo xa isiseko sisiseko se-blowjob encinci

  • Uhlobo lomhlaba

Iziseko ezifundwayo ezincinci kwi-bubbly

Imihlaba

Akuvumelekanga ukugcwalisa i-mzlf kwimihlaba ye-biogenic,

Umzekelo, i-peat, i-SAPROPLY (i-DEPITSHO

Udongwe. Ifoto ibonisa ukuba imbonakalo yabo ayithembisi nantoni na elungileyo.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Uhlobo lomhlaba

  • Inqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba

Ukusondeza amanzi kumphezulu womhlaba, eyona nto ingazinzanga i-mzlf iya kuba

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Isiseko esinamagqabi esinebhanti esincinci - itafile ephantsi komhlaba

  • Umthwalo wesiseko
  • Desta yokuphakama

Inqaku lesihloko: Peza i-play ye-plam ye-foam: inyathelo lenyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukuba umhlaba ubonakaliswa yihla ebalulekileyo

Ukuphakama (kwindlu kwithambeka), ke ifowuni yesiseko sebhanti esincinci

Kuyingxaki kakhulu. Kule meko, isiqhelo

I-ribbon Foundation okanye imigca kwindawo ephantsi kweMzlf. Ukusuka kwinqanaba

Umbono wexesha kunye neendleko zemali-zozibini iinketho ziyafana.

  • Ukuqaqamba kobunzulu

Kukuphakama ukusuka kwindawo engezantsi kwesiseko,

Ibizwa ngokuba yi-soles-ukuya kwi-zero (kumhlaba ophantsi).

  • Imozulu (ubunzulu bomhlaba ubunzulu)

Ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-bookmark

Isiseko sebhanti esincinci esikhawulezayo kwi-apting, ebalwa ngu

Ifomula ibubunzulu be-surus ye-20%. Ke unokuqiniseka ukuba

Isiseko siyakunyuka kunye ngesakhiwo.

Ubunzulu obuncinci bokufuya i-Belt

I-SNPI II-B.1-62 ilawulwa.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ubunzulu be-ribbon yokutsala i-ribbon yesiseko se-snip - itafile

Ubunzulu bembali yomhlaba kwezinye izixeko zaseRussia

kuboniswe kwitafile.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ubunzulu be-primer yomhlaba kwizixeko zeRussia - itafile

Unokusebenzisa i-Calculator ukubala ubunzulu

I-Sundzing yomhlaba.

Ungabalwa njani umthwalo kwi-ribbon encinci

Okokuqala, kufuneka uqaphele:
  • Iimpawu zesakhiwo sesakhiwo;
  • ukuphakama kokwakha;
  • Inani elicwangcisiweyo lemigangatho;
  • Izixhobo ezivela kuzo iindonga;
  • ubunzima bengubo yokwaleka;

IBhunga.

Ngokubanzi, onke imithwalo inokwahlulwa ibe sisigxina

(ibalwe ngaphambi kokwakha) kunye nokwahluka. Elokugqibela kuxhomekeka kwi

Inani labemi, iintsimbi zefanitshala, njl.

  • Ubunzulu bobuqhetseba;
  • ubungqingqwa boMhambi;
  • Iiparameter zetheyiphu zeTape;
  • Umgangatho wekhonkrithi.

Ungayisebenzisa ngokukhala ngenxa yokubala isiseko

Ukubalwa kwesiseko sebhanti esihle

1. Ubunzulu babangelwa kukusondela kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye

Ukudibanisa ubunzulu.

2. Ukuphakama ngaphezulu komphezulu womhlaba = Ububanzi be-4x.

Kuhle ukwazi. Ukuphakama ngaphezulu komhlaba kungaphantsi okanye ilingane nobunzulu.

3. Ububanzi bugqityiwe yifomyula:

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Phi, ububanzi bendawo yendawo;

Q ngumthwalo obaliwe kwisiseko, i-t / m;

R yinkcaso ebaliweyo yomhlaba, i-T / MKV. Esi salathisi,

Ngobunzulu bokuncamathisela ama-300 mm, kubonisiwe kwitafile.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ifomula yophando4 Ubungqingqwa bomqamelo buzimisele ngamandla omhlaba womhlaba.

Imihlaba eqinileyo ye-goun, ifomula isetyenziswa:

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ifomula yeprimer esuswe kakhulu, i-TN-Pilome ubunzima;

A, c, w - amaziko onke;

Kwaye c - zimiselwa ziitafile ezingezantsi.

Kunye ne-W = 0.1 okanye i-0.06 m.kv. / t yokufudumeza hayi

Izakhiwo ezishushu.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ngaphezulu komgca-we-mzlf yobunzulu bama-300 mm, phantsi komgca

-Iziseko ezingafunekiyo.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ngaphezulu komgca-we-mzlf yobunzulu bama-300 mm, phantsi komgca

-Iziseko ezingafunekiyo.

IBhunga.

Yenza ukubalwa kweMzlf kuzo zombini iifomula kwaye unike

Ukuthanda ixabiso elikhulu.

Ixabiso lesiseko se-belt esihle

Iyahluka kwi-4-6 lamawaka ruble. Kwimitha ye-tenuron. Ixabiso

Kuxhomekeka kububanzi, ukuphakama, inani le-jumpers kunye nobukhulu, umzekelo, iindleko

Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko sendlu i-6x6 kuya kubiza i-70-80.000 i-rubles. Kunye ne-10x10 =

I-120-150.000 ye-Huby.

Iindidi zesiseko sebhanti esihle (esincinci)

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweMzlf, itekhnoloji yalo iyahluka

Izixhobo. Ke ngoko, kufanele ukuba ukuqhele kakhulu eyona iphambili kubo:

I-ribbon monolithic encinci yokuzala

Igalelwe ngqo kwindawo yokwakha, ngaphakathi

kukhokelela kwi-tepe engenamthungo

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

I-ribbon ibhlokhi ukuzala kwakhona

Iibhloko zithengiwe kwifom egqityiweyo, okanye eyenziwe

Ngokwahlukeneyo, nakwindawo yokwakha iqokelelwa kuphela. Njenge-fartener

Isetyenziswa isisombululo sesamente.

Inqaku ngesihloko: Indlela yokuGcina i-Vlue Vinyl Wallpaper ephepheni esekwe

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

I-RBBon Vmba iSiseko sokuZalisa iRibbon

Ngamnye kubo unezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Kodwa, B.

Ngokubanzi, inkonzo ubomi kathathu ngaphantsi kweyokuqala. Ke ngoko, B.

Eli nqaku siza kuhlala ngokweenkcukacha kule fomu njenge-monolithic mzlf.

Itekhnoloji ye-MZF okanye indlela yokwenza i-tepi yokufuya kakuhle

Isiseko esinezandla zakho

Umyalelo ubonile ngokulula ukuba wonke umsebenzi waphulwe

Amanqanaba acacileyo. Masingabuyisi kule nkqubo. Ke, isixhobo sineteyiphu

Isiseko esihle sobuhle siba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Inqanaba lokulungiselela

Sicinga ukuba ngaphambi kweli nqanaba wenze iprojekthi ekhaya,

igqibe kwelokuba kumgangatho womhlaba kunye nohlobo lwesiseko, kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla

ngaphezulu.

1. Indawo apho icwangcisiwe khona ukugcwalisa isiseko sikhutshwa

Kuzo zonke izinto ezininzi.

Ikhava. Imithi ekufutshane, yiza neengcambu.

2. Indawo yomsebenzi ihambisa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwaye

isixhobo. Ngapha koko, kunqweneleka ukufumanisa indawo yokukhokelwa kwayo yonke le nto

Kulungile, ungachithi ixesha ekupheni kwakhe.

Ukumakisha isiseko sebhanti

Ukubaluleka kweli nqanaba kunzima kakhulu ekusebenziseni. Ke ngoko, iyimfuneko

Kuphela "kuphela" apho uza kumba umsele, kodwa nakwenze izinto zomhlaba kunye

Iintambo (ukuba kunokwenzeka, inqanaba le-laser liya kuba ngcono).

Ukwenza njani ukwenza uphawu phantsi kwesiseko:

  1. Imilinganiselo ye-perimeter;
  2. iibhricons amanqaku kwiikona;
  3. Jonga i-diagonal phakathi kwee-engile;
  4. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukuhambisa ii-beacons;
  5. Yenza ikhefu kumgama ubuncinci kwimitha evela kwii-beacon;
  6. Kwiibhodi zendawo yokudibanisa intambo eya kuba

    Bonisa imiphetho yesiseko.

Inkqubo yophawu olucacileyo ngakumbi iboniswa kumzobo

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ukumakisha isiseko se-ribbn-scheme

Ungawumba njani umsele wesiseko

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Umsele wesiseko seSiseko sisitya somhlaba osusiweyo.

Ubunzulu bomsele bumiselwe bubunzulu bendawo yokuhlala entle yebhanti kwaye

Imiqamelo.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Amathambeka omsele womzekelo we-Agrezulu, owona mngcipheko uqhelekileyo yi-300 mm, ubukhulu bomqamelo buxhomekeke kumgangatho womhlaba wama-200 mm. Ke ubunzulu bomsele buza kuba yi-500 mm.

Ikhava.

Kwimiphetho yomsele ayibonakali ngathi yenzelwa ithambeka elincinci.

Unikwe uhlobo lomhlaba lungcono ukuzalisa isiseko

kwangoko. Kungenjalo, zezona zininzi, kwaye nomnye umsebenzi kuya kufuneka uphinde.

Umqamelo phantsi kwebhanti yesiseko

Umqamelo wesanti phantsi kwesiseko ngumxube wentlabathi kunye

Ilitye elatyumkileyo. Banokuxubeka, kodwa kulula ukuyithuluka. Umaleko ngamnye umanzi

Amanzi kunye ne-tamper elungileyo. Kuba isakhiwo se-pilmence sanele

I-porous, yahlulwe kwisiseko esikhulu kunye nefilimu yokufaka amanzi.

Kwimiselo, isiseko sesiseko sebhanti

Ukugaya okuncinci kunokusebenza njengomhlaba wendalo, kodwa ubuchule bayo obuthathaka

Ngaphantsi ngezantsi komqamelo weSand-gravel.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Umqamelo phantsi kwebhanti yesiseko

Umsebenzi owenziweyo phantsi kwesiseko sebhanti

Faka yonke uyilo lwe-forming ngokuthe nkqo. Redack

Qinisa ngobungqina obuyi-500-600 mm. Ziyafuneka ukuze ziphantsi kobunzima bomsebenzi wekhonkrithi

Ayihlanjwanga kwaye ayijikanga.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ukusonga icebiso elisisiseko sethayile.

Zama ukwenza ukuba iibhodi zitye ngokuqinileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwethontsi ezibukhali. Emva koko uyakuphepha ukusebenza ngokulinganayo umphezulu wesiseko esigqityiweyo sokufaka i-line.

UKUZALISWA KWESIKOLO

Ukufumana i-Ikhonkrithi Umbuzo-ungathenga (okanye endaweni yoko

Iodolo) kunye nekhonkrithi ziya kusiwa kumxube okanye zenze ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye

Ngokusebenzisa umxube wekhonkrithi ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi (kunye nendlela yesibini, indlela yokwenza umxube wekhonkrithi ovela kumatshini wokuhlamba).

Inqaku ngesihloko: Iinketho zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwee-greenhous zenza ngokwakho

Njengokugcwaliswa kwekhonkrithi, le nkqubo yimilinganiselo yemisebenzi-ikhonkrithi ithululelwa kumsebenzi ogqityiweyo.

Ikhava. Ukuba umsebenzi wefoma ugalelwe ngekhonkrithi wamanzi aya kuthi angaphezulu kwemiphetho.

Ukuthulula ikhonkrithi zama ukuyibetha yonke i-40-50 mm.

Ukuphakama. Oku kuyakuvumela ukuba "ugxothe" amaqamza omoya onokuthi ngexesha elizayo

Ukutshabalalisa ikhonkrithi.

Ukuqiniswa kwe-Belt ye-Belt

Ukuba umthwalo owomeleleyo awucingelwanga isiseko-le

Inqanaba linokutsiba. Kodwa okwangoku, ngokuqinisa i-mzff iya kuba namandla ngakumbi.

Sicebisa ukuba sisebenzise izinto ezibonakalayo eziluncedo (iimpawu, iintlobo, ukubalwa)

Ukuqiniswa okufanelekileyo kwesiseko se-ribbn ye-ribbn yokuxhonywa okuncinci:

  • Galela umaleko wokuqala. Lo mbeko kufanele ukuba malunga ne-30

    % ukuphakama kweMzlf. Injongo yeli ntshukumo kukwakha indawo egudileyo ye

    Intsimbi ilele, kunye nokukhusela ukusuka ekufumanimeni.

  • Iqela leqela le-band yesiseko setywina. Ngenxa yoku uyafuna

    Yiyeke kwiibhloko kwaye ubeke umsele.

  • Galela ikhonkrithi ukuya kubude obufunayo.

Umzekelo weSakhensi yoQeqeshiso seSiseko seBLEL

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

I-Armare iguqulela ngokungahambi kakuhle kwi-wire.

Umzekelo ubonisa ukuba iqhekeza lenziwa. yona

Indlela entsha yokunxibelelana, kuba uqhagamshelo olungaqhelekanga

ilding.

Kodwa iindlela zokuqhagamshela ukuqhagamshelwa kwe-welding zineengxaki ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya:

  1. funa ubukho bamatshini we-welding kunye nengcali enakho

    ukwenza umsebenzi we-welding;

  2. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu be-welding arc, amandla alahlekile

    I-DORDED FIREDIFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFROFT;

  3. Imisebenzi ye-welding ayisebenzi ekuqiniseni nge-diameter engaphezulu

    I-20 mm;

  4. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukwandisa ubungqola beArmokas. I-insofar njenge

    Isiseko sebhanti esincinci "esisezantsi" kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka (ukuba luhlobo lwesiseko esiguqulweyo) -

    Ukunyuka kobuso kuya kubangela intshabalalo yayo. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, isiseko siyafuneka okanye sifakwe endaweni epheleleyo.

Ungazenzela njani isiseko sebhanti esincinci esinebhanti kunye nezandla zakho. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokubalwa kweziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci kwendlu

Ukubeka ukuqiniswa kweSiseko seDolophu entle kuya kujonga

Ukukhuselwa kwekhonkrithi

Ukuthintela ukusika kunye nokwakha ii-cecks, ikhonkrithi yezikhukulisekileyo kwifom yefom igutyungelwe yifilimu kwaye

Amaxesha ngamaxesha anyinyityelwe ngamanzi.

Ukufakwa kwesiseko sebhanti esihle

  • Kwangoko emva kokuba isiseko sizuze amandla afunekayo,

    Qala ukwakhiwa kwendlu kufuneka uqalwe. Zama ukwenza wonke umsebenzi kwelinye

    Ixesha lonyaka. Kuba umhlaba ophantsi kwesiseko uyakhutshwa, kwaye i-mzlf, ayiqhotyoshelwanga

    Ubunzima ekhaya-ukhathazekile.

  • Ukuba awukwazi ukuqala ukwakhiwa ukugubungela iMzlf kwaye

    Intsimi ekufuphi nayo (200-300 mm) mphow okanye i-sandust. Ukukhusela i-primer

    Ukusuka kwi-freezng.

  • Ngexesha lokusebenza kwesakhiwo, zama ukuqala

    kufutshane ne-bolting ye-belt yesiseko se-perennial sperennial kunye

    Izihlahla. Baza kunceda ukunciphisa ubunzulu bomhlaba. Njengo

    uya kuba nakho ukubamba inani elibalulekileyo lekhephu, eliya kunciphisa ubunzulu

    I-freezing.

Ividiyo yokufuya iRibbon Folide

Ukuqukumbela

Kweli nqaku siliqikelela ukuba senze njani ukuzala

Iribbn face ngezandla zakho. Ukuqonda ngokweenkcukacha ngenqanaba ngalinye, wena

Ungathintela ukuphoswa kwezinto ezicaphukisayo kwaye ugalele isiseko apho ikhaya lakho

Akukho ishumi leminyaka. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ungalibali ukuba ngaphambili

qhubeka ukuyakha u-oda ngophando lwendalo, kungenjalo

Ityala, kukho umngcipheko wokuba umhlaba ungenzelwanga isixhobo

Mzlf.

Funda ngokugqithisileyo