Isiseko se-monolithic seribb sisiseko esisigxina soyilo olusisigxina lwentsimbi kunye neteyiphu yekhonkrithi. Ibekwe kufutshane nomjikelezo wesakhiwo kwaye phantsi kwazo zonke iinqwelo kunye nezinto. Xa ukuthotyelwa kwetekhnoloji, uyilo luba linani elipheleleyo - i-monolith-kwaye inobutyebi obuphezulu kakhulu kunye neempawu zabo. Ngesi sizathu, ithandwa zombini ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezininzi ezinamaphepha amaninzi kunye neendawo zabucala.
Isiseko sebhanti ye-monolithic sicetyiswa ukuba sifake igalelo kwinqanaba eliphantsi lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba: xa zikwisiseko esifunekayo sesiseko. Ngaphandle koko, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela i-drainage, kwaye ezi zinto zongeziweyo (kwaye zizelwe).
Ijongeka ngathi yi-monolithi ye-monolithic eyenziwe yi-monolithic ye-ribbon
Isixhobo kunye neentlobo
Kubunzulu bokubekwa, iziseko zetyhefu zincinci kwaye zilula. Ukuhlulwa okuncinci kunokusetyenziswa ngokuzolileyo, imihlaba engapheliyo enesakhono esihle sokwakha isixa esincinci-ukusuka kwiinkuni kwaye sakhiwa ngetekhnoloji yeplastiki.
Kule meko, ityhefu kufuneka ibe yi-10-16 cm kwingqimba eqinileyo, ethethwe phantsi kwe-vertile. Kwangelo xesha, ngokwemigangatho, ayinakuba ngaphantsi kwe-60 cm.
Iindidi zeziseko zebhanti kubunzulu bebhulukhwe
Iziseko zeRonolithic zeRothulitic ze-Downtit enzulu yenziwa phantsi kwesininzi, izindlu ezinkulu. Ngokubanzi, bashiya i-10-16 cm ngaphantsi kwenqanaba le-primeros yemihlaba yengingqi. Kwangelo xesha, kuphela kufuneka kusekwe kwi-suble kunye nomthamo ofanelekileyo wokuthwala. Ukuba oku akunjalo, kuya kufuneka uye ezantsi ngezantsi. Umzekelo, ukuba inqanaba le-Primeros lemihlaba liyi-1.2 m, kwaye umgcini ochumileyo uphela kwi-1.4 m amanqaku, ke kufuneka ukuba awe phantsi kwe-1.4 m.
Ngomsebenzi okanye ngaphandle
Ngokubanzi, itekhnoloji yokwakhiwa kwesiseko sebhanti ye-monolithic selt sibonelela ngokufakwa kwefom yefom. Ezi zizinto ezivela kwizihlangu ezinika ubume bekhonkrithi kwaye aziyiniki mayisasazeke. Kucacile ukuba umsebenzi wendlela ziindleko ezongezelelweyo zezinto ezizixhobo, kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo kwindibano kunye nofakelo.
UFomu - Uyilo lweeBhodi okanye iPlywood, ezinika isiseko
Ngamanye amaxesha ngenjongo yokusindisa, kwimihlaba elungileyo, isiseko siphinde siqwalasele ngqo kwi-faki-ngxwaba-kububanzi obufunayo kunye nobunzulu obufunekayo. Kwaye le pans iporithi ikhonkrithi ngaphandle kokusebenza. Itekhnoloji enjalo ayinakuqinisekisa inqanaba elifunekayo lokunyaniseka, isiphumo asinakwenzeka ukuba siqikelele. Inyani yile yokuba iseti yamandla aqhelekileyo, inani elithile lamanzi alimfuneko. Ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi, amanzi nangona kuncinanana, kodwa athathe umhlaba, onokuthi achaphazele umgangatho welitye lekhonkrithi. Kwimeko ebi kakhulu, unokwaphula.
Kwimeko yokuphuma, uphume kwi-Trench Polythylene ifilimu. Kodwa kuyo, emva koko hamba-ukuqiniswa kufuneka kwenziwe. Kunye neentonga, kwaye iibhutsi aziyonakalisi ifilimu. Ngenxa yoko, ukufuma kuyaqhubeka.
Isiseko Ngaphandle kokusebenza - ukwenza umngcipheko
Ngamanye amaxesha, ezo ziseko zinokukhusela inani leminyaka ngaphandle kweengxaki. Kodwa kungekudala, i-rocks okanye ikhonkrithi ivele iqala ukubhukuqa. Ubunzima besibini bokusebenza kunye nesiseko esinjalo ayisiyo iJometri efanelekileyo. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu, isiseko sisiseko, kwaye uninzi lweepleyiti zegwebu okanye i-polystyrene ekhutshiweyo. Zama ukubambelela kumhlaba ongalinganiyo. Imeko efanayo ne-vapor intorriers: Ifilimu inzima kakhulu (phantse ayinakwenzeka) ukuba inamathele kwikhonkrithi engalinganiyo, ikhonkrithi ye-porous enomhlaba we-spish. Ukugwetyelwa okanye hayi indlela enjalo kukuyisombulula, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukucebisa isiseko esinjalo phantsi kocingo okanye ished.
Inqaku ngesihloko: IKapa kwiSofa-iifoto ezili-100 zezona zikhetho zangaphakathi ezilungileyo
Igumbi elingaphantsi kwendlu ngesiseko setyhubhu
Igumbi elingaphantsi linokuba yindawo efanayo nendlu, kwaye linokuthatha inxenye yendawo. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukumisela ubungakanani bayo kude kube yilo.
Ukuba umgangatho ongaphantsi uthathe kuphela inxenye yendawo, ngekhe kwenzeke ukuba ususe wonke umhlaba, kwaye unike imingxunya phantsi kweteyiphu. Khuphela igumbi elingaphantsi lemithetho ethile. Indawo yokuhlala kunye nolungiselelo zinokuphuhliswa kwinqanaba loyilo.
I-ribbon monolithic Foundation kunye ne-Oserement Umsebenzi wokucela umngeni (ukwandisa ubungakanani bemifanekiso nqakraza kwiqhosha le mouse)
Ukuba kwagqitywa kwelokuba kwenziwe igumbi elingaphantsi kwexesha, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo kwaye ubone ubunzulu ukuze xa ubambe imigca kwi-Angle ye-Angle ye-Angle ye-ETTEIRS (eboniswe kwifoto ngasekunene).
Ukuba umgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba ubekwe phantsi komda weNdlu, umhlaba ususwe konke kubunzulu obufunayo. Ngokubanzi, iprojekthi enjalo ayiyonto intsha, awuyi kubiza: sebenza kunye neendleko ngakumbi. Okokuqala, ukuqiniswa kodonga olomeleleyo kunye nobunzima babo obukhulu bufuneka. Kuba ngaphakathi emhlabeni akuyi kuba, iindonga zegumbi elingaphantsi ziya kufuneka zixhathise uxinzelelo lomhlaba ophuma ngaphandle. Ke ngoko, ubukhulu beteyiphu buya kuba ngaphezulu kwaye ukuqiniswa kuyafuneka ngakumbi, kuye kwabakho inyathelo elincinci, inani leebhanti zokuqinisekisa ziya kunyuka. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela kwisiseko, ukuselwa kokuqiniswa kuya kwanda. Okwesibini, kuya kufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo kwaye, ngokunokwenzeka, ukuqiniswa komgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba kuyo yonke indawo. Kwaye oku kwakhona kwezinto - ikhonkrithi kunye nezixhobo. Okwesithathu, kuyakuthatha i-ventilation ukususa igesi phantsi komhlaba. Isakhiwo esinjalo asinakuyila. Umsebenzi kufuneka usebenze, kwaye ngamava abanzi.
Olunye ukhetho kwisiseko seNdlu kunye negumbi elingaphantsi (ukusondeza ubungakanani bomfanekiso, cofa kuyo ngeqhosha lasekunene)
I-Monolithic Ribbon Foundation: amanqanaba okwakha
Nokuba indlu kukwakha indlu okanye i-brigade, umphuhlisi oyaziyo itekhnoloji iyimfuneko: kuphela onokuyilawula le nkqubo uze uzithembe ngomgangatho womsebenzi.Ngokubanzi, itekhnoloji yile:
- Ukumakishwa kwendawo.
- Umsebenzi womhlaba.
- Itywina leSiseko, ukuqhuba ngokutsha kunye nokucofa.
- I-Tape yemakethi.
- Ukuhamba kwamanzi.
- Indibano kunye nokufakwa kwendlela yokwenza umsebenzi.
- I-Band Fittings.
- Ukugalela ikhonkrithi kunye nentshukumo yayo.
- Unyango.
Inkcazo ethile iyafuneka. Ukumakisha kabini - iyelenqe kunye ne-ribbons - ifuneka ukuba indlu ihlale incinci phantsi kwendawo yonke yeNdlu. Okokuqala ubeka indawo yendlu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuvumela umsebenzi. Akukho ndlela yokwenza ngaphandle kwawo. Emva koko, emva kokuba umgodi umbambile kwaye ezantsi yinqwa kunye ne-tamper, kuya kuba yimfuneko yokuthumela iribhoni. Kula manqaku, kuya kufakwa umsebenzi, oya kuthi enze "iprofayile" yekhaya lakho.
Ngoku incinci malunga nenqanaba ngalinye.
Indawo yokumakisha
Ukusukela ukuba umhlaba uphandwe kwindawo ethile, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqinile. Isakhiwo esingaphantsi komhlaba sihlala sine-heterogeous kwaye i-Deveset ngesiqingatha setamitha inokugxeka: ngequbuliso kukho amabakala okanye i-cavity. Ngokuchaneka kwesentimenti, akukho ndawo inqwenelekayo, kodwa inqweneleka ukungabi kakhulu.
Ke unokwenza uphawu phantsi kwesiseko kwindawo
Umsebenzi womhlaba
Ivolumu yabo kwaye iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zixhomekeke ekubeni uya kuba nawo okanye ngaphandle kwegumbi elingaphantsi. Ukuba ngaphandle, emva koko ufake i-tepi-kuya kuba yimfuneko ukususa umhlaba. Kuphela kugcino kugcino lwendlela yokwenza umsebenzi - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-50 * 80 cm kwicala ngalinye. Ngeekhaka zakho ufuna umtya ongekhe uvunyelwe ukuba uwe.
Ukuba indlu enegumbi elingaphantsi kukususa wonke umhlaba. Ubungakanani bomgodi-2-5 m ngaphezulu kwesayizi yesiseko. Esi sisitokhwe esifanayo phantsi kwemingxunya yokusebenza.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Indlu yangasese engenalo ngaphandle-ukusuka ekukhetheni ukuze ufakelo
Ukuba indlu enamagumbi angaphantsi-i-boiler ifunyanwa enkulu
Imitha enkulu kungcono ukusebenzisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo. Irenti eninzi ixabisa kakhulu, kodwa umsebenzi we "digger" i-Brigade ibe yinto ephantsi kakhulu kwiintsuku ezininzi. Izantya ziyahlukaniswa.
Umaleko ochumileyo ochumileyo ubekwa ngokwahlukeneyo, unokusasazwa kwangoko egadini. Umhlaba wonke ulahlekile kwiqela: Ngokuyinxenye, uya kumka ngasemva kokuhlaziya, kuyakukhuphela ngaphandle.
Ekhaya ngaphandle kwegumbi elingaphantsi
I-DNA Teal Turt kunye neBench
Emva kokuba isininzi somhlaba sakhutshwa, esingezantsi kufuneka silungelelaniswe kwaye sitywine. Xa umdibanisi uyasebenza, oko kwenzeka rhoqo ukuba iisayithi zine-20-30 cm ubunzulu obukhulu kunokuba kunyanzelekile. Zonke ezi zinto zingahambelaniyo kufuneka zilungiswe: Ukulala kunye ne-tamper.
Ibrashi kunye nolungelelwaniso luyafuneka kuyo yonke indawo yomngxunya okanye imingxunya. Kwaye hayi ngoncedo lwedesika. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuba uyakha ucingo. Nokuba ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwegumbi lokuhlambela okanye i-cottage kungcono ukusebenzisa iipleyiti zokugcwala.
Siya kusiqonda isizathu. Eli nqanaba liba mandla kuwo wonke umthwalo wesakhiwo. Nokuba ilityeli elincinci kunye nezitenxo linokubangela i-swinkhi engalinganiyo kunye nokuqulunqwa komzimba. Kwaye ezantsi emva kokuba umhlaba ungalingani. Kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uyiphelise usebenzisa ukuqhekeka. Kungcono ngakumbi ukuba ugalela ungqimba lwentlabathi kunye neenkozo ezincinci okanye ezincinci ukuya ezantsi. Kulungele ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yobungakanani abancinci. Kodwa kweyona ndlela ilungileyo nengxamisekileyo, kufuneka inyibilikiswe (igalele amanzi ukuba iqhume yonke ivolumu yayo). I-vibrapx idala umzamo otywinwe kwisanti nge-15 ukuya kwi-20 cm. Luhlobo olunje luthathelwe ixeshana. Ukuba kwiprojekthi, ungqimba wentlabathi yi-30 cm, kuthetha ukuba uqala i-PM, i-Shed kwaye uyitshabalalise kubuninzi obuphezulu. Emva koko thula okwesibini kwaye uyiphalaze nayo kwaye i-tamper.
Kukho oomatshini bokwenza oomatshini bokutywina kumhlaba wokutywina emseleni
Rhoqo, le projekthi ifuna ukudalwa kwe-Supel-Prevel. Emva koko ngaphezulu kwesanti edityanisiweyo, omnye ungqameko lweqhekeza lenkunkuma 30-60 i-MM yongezwa. Kwaye iphinde yanyibilika. Ubungqingqwa balo manqanaba efoldani yi-10-16 cm. Kuyimfuneko ukuthulula imilebe ye-5 cm kunye ne-tamper nganye.
Kule meko, umhlaba awukwami nje kuphela, iba yinto engaphezulu: iruble iqhutywa kwizahlulo ezingezantsi, ukwandisa amandla ayo okunyanga. Kuba isitovu sibetha i-pible ngamandla amaninzi, emva koko itywina lenzeka kubunzulu be-40-50 cm. Kwaye oku kulungile kakhulu.
Yenza umsebenzi we-monolithic yebhalti
Umsebenzi wesakhiwo senza ubukhulu be-40 mm i-40 mm i-Plywood okanye i-OSP. I-Plywood ayibizi, yenziwayo ekhethekileyo. Inamanzi kwelinye icala - kukho ifilimu yokukhusela. Kuba isetyenzisiwe inokusetyenziswa izihlandlo ezininzi.
I-Skields eyenziwe ngezinto ezinamagqabi ziyomelezwa yimivalo ethe tyaba. Ukusuka kwiibhodi zenziwe ngokunqumla. I-Shields eqokelelweyo ekumakisweni kwe-ribbon isetiwe, ilungiswe kunye necala langaphandle le-nyibilikisi, kwaye ngaphakathi kufakwe i-strts. Zonke ezi tyaba kufuneka zinike umsebenzi wobugcisa kwimilinganiselo emiselweyo. Abayi kunika izihlangu ukuba bawe okanye bangqele kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi: Ubunzima buza kubeka umntu onodonga, kuba ezo nqaba kufuneka zithembeke.
Umsebenzi olwenziwayo-uphawu olungaphumelelanga lweSiseko esiPhakamileyo
Ukuqiniswa
Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo-ubude obukhulu kwaye ububanzi obuncinci - kwisiseko seribhoni sichaphazeleka ikakhulu yimikhosi efuna ukwaphula iribhoni. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuyisomeleza ecaleni kwecala elide. Isebenzisa i-rimin eqinileyo enamandla ukusuka kwi-10 mm ubukhulu nangaphezulu. Zonke izinto ezinqamlezileyo zizinza kuphela iintonga zendexesha esisikiweyo, ke ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ziyithathe kakuhle kwaye zisebenzise ubukhulu obuncinci - i-6-8 mm.
Inqaku lesihloko: Lilonke kwaye i-decor yomnyango wokungena usenza ngokwakho
Iskimu se-RBBon Foundation Recience
Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko ezininzi, nokuba kubunzulu bendawo, kwanele ukuqiniswa kweebhanti ezimbini: phezulu nangaphantsi kweteyiphu. Ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwesiseko isixhobo esisendlwini-ntle phantsi kwendlu yonke.
Iskimu sokuqiniswa kwe-ribbon monolithic yesiseko esibonisiweyo kwifoto. Kwinqanaba ngalinye lonxibelelwano, ukuqiniswa koqiniso kunxulunyaniswa nocingo olukhethekileyo. Ngaba isebenzisa ngesandla i-Hooks okanye izixhobo ezenzekelayo - iipistoling ezithambileyo.
Ikho ngenye indlela: ilding. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo akusoloko kufanelekile. Umsebenzi ukhawuleze, kodwa unxibelelwano lufumaneka nzima. Xa iphelisa ucingo, ukuqina kuhlala kuhlala kwinkululeko ethile. Kwaye inceda ukubuyekeza ezinye iingxaki ngaphandle kwentshabalalo yekhonkrithi. Xa i-welding yonxibelelwano inzima, engalunganga kwelinye icala, kodwa kunye nenye uyilo oluqinileyo kakhulu lunokubangela ukuba kuqhekeke.
Kwaye ke ukuqiniswa kukhangelwa kuphila
Enye inqaku: Indawo ye-welding ihlala iqala ukuwa kuqala. Nangona ukuqiniswa kokuqiniswa kwekhonkrithi, kwaye ngenxa yoko ayiyosulelo (ioksijini ayingeneli), kodwa ngalo naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuthathwa kweoksijini, amalungu okuqala eldia atshatyalaliswe.
Okweli nqanaba, ukubekwa kweemveliso ze-ventilation kunye neebhokisi zenzekile ngonxibelelwano lobuNxibelelwano kuya kubonelelwa kwindlu. Ukuba uyalibala ngale nto, kuya kufuneka utshabalalise i-monolith kwaye ayinqweneleki kakhulu: Iiflethi ezimbalwa, eyomeleleyo iya kuba yilo.
UKUZALISWA KWESIKOLO
Xa kuphuma indlu enkulu okanye engaphantsi kakhulu kwaye ilula ukuhanjiswa kwekhonkrithi egqityiweyo ukuya kwindawo yomxube. Emva koko ukugcwaliswa kunokwenziwa ngosuku olunye.
Unokwenza ngokuzingca. Kodwa oku kuya kufuna umxube wekhonkrithi. AMANQAKU, AKWENZA IZAKHONO KWI-TROUKRESS ukuqinisekisa inqanaba elifanelekileyo le-homogeneity ayinakwenzeka.
Ukugcwalisa isiseko esikhulu ngokulula uku-odola isisombululo esilungile
Ngenxa yokugabha ngesandla, uya kufuna abantu abathathu ubuncinci: enye ithumela ikhonkrithi kumxube wekhonkrithi, owesibini usasaza isahlulo esigqityiweyo, kwaye okwesithathu isiza.
Iinyikima zekhonkrithi ziveliswa kusetyenziswa incwadana yemigaqo okanye yentyholo yokuntywila. Le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba ususe zonke ii-elpties, zisasaze ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi ziphuculwe kakhulu, ifumana ukungavisisani kweqanda ngenxa yokuba amanzi athabatha kancinci. Ke ngoko, musa ukutsiba eli nqanaba: kunye nezinto ezifanayo kwisisombululo, sifumana ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ephezulu.
Ke ukuba ikhonkrithi ibaleke ngakumbi kwaye ifunyenwe ngakumbi ukumelana ne-rost, yiphathe nge-vibrator
Enye ingongoma: Xa utyala emotweni kufuneka usebenzise ii-gutters ezikhethekileyo. Okokuqala, kulula ukuhambisa ikhonkrithi kwindawo oyifunayo, kwaye okwesibini, isisombululo masingaweli kwindawo ephezulu. Ukuba ukuphakama kokubila ngaphezulu kwe-150 cm, yahlulwe. Isiphumo - amandla aphantsi.
Ukunyanga
Ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe kwimozulu eshushu yemozulu, ikhasethi kufuneka igutyungelwe yifilimu yePolithyenene okanye nayiphi na enye into ethintela ukuphuma ngokukhawuleza komswakama. Kuba ubunzulu bekhonkrithi zinkulu, iindawo ezimanzi kumphezulu weziphumo ezibonakalayo aziyi kunika. Eyona nto iphambili ayizukuyiyeka i-pump ephezulu kunye nefilimu ngalo msebenzi bokuba uneempikiswano ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ukuba ubushushu bubanjwa ngexesha kwaye emva kokugcwalisa indawo ye-20 ° C, emva kweentsuku ezintathu emva kokugcwaliswa, ikhonkrithi iya kuthatha inqaba yama-50%. Kwaye ngomhla wesine, indlela yokusebenza inokususwa kwaye iqhubeke nokuqhubeka nomsebenzi.
Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, kubalulekile ukulinda ngakumbi: kwi-10 ° C sele iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-10, kunye ne-5 ° C, inkqubo yokubamba iphantse yapheliswa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko okanye ukufaka umsebenzi, okanye ukufudumeza ikhonkrithi.
Isiseko sebhaltity yebhaltiki silungile, kodwa sisasebenza ekuhluthweni nasekuphakameni kwamanzi. Kuphela emva kokuba ilala (i-backflow).