Ubunzulu bube sisiseko

Ubunzulu besiseko sisilinganiselo esiqikelelweyo esixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesakhiwo okanye isakhiwo, umda wemozulu, umhlaba kwindawo kunye nenqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Olu kukhulu luchaphazela uyilo lwesakhiwo (kunye okanye ngaphandle kwegumbi elingaphantsi), umgaqo wokusetyenziswa kwayo (kunye okanye ngaphandle kokufudumeza), ubunzima kunye nobunzima.

Ukuba sithetha, eli lixabiso eliya kufuna ukungcwaba isiseko ukuze iqinisekise ukuba inkxaso esetyenziswayo kulwakhiwo. Zimbini iintlobo:

• ukunyuka okunzulu;
• Unamathele amancinci okanye ungava.

  

  Iindidi zeziseko zebhanti kubunzulu bebhulukhwe

Ngokwemigangatho yokwakha ukwenzela ukuxhathisa imikhosi yeqabaka, isuphela kufuneka ifakwe kwi-15-20 cm ngezantsi kwenqanaba lesiqhamo somhlaba. Xa le meko izalisekayo, isiseko sibizwa ngokuba "nguDoodream onzulu" okanye "blunt".

Ngobunzulu bokukhulula, ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-2 zenza ukuba benze izinto eziphezulu, ukusela kwezinto zinkulu kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu. Kule meko, ezinye iintlobo zeziseko zithathwa njengemfumba okanye imfumba kunye ne-pile kwaye isebenze amahlathi, kunye nokuba kungenxa yokuhamba ngaphezulu kwendawo yokulawula. Kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kuphela phambi kwemihlaba enomthamo oqhelekileyo wokuthwala, ukufunyanwa kwesiseko kunye nesiseko, kunye nesixhobo somntu ofudumeleyo. Kule meko, ubunzulu bezinto zokubumba ziyancipha ngamanye amaxesha kwaye zihlala ziphantsi komtha.

Ngamanye amaxesha isiseko sithululelwe kanye kumphezulu. Olu lukhetho lokugcina indlu, kwaye inokwenzeka iinkuni. Kuphela kwiimeko ezinjalo anokuhlawula ukukhetha okuvela.

UPhando lwangaphambili

Ngaphambi kokucwangcisa ekhaya, kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi indawo ofuna ukubeka indlu. Ukuba uphando lwe-geological sele ilapho, thathela ingqalelo iziphumo zazo: ukuze zifumane iingxaki eziphantsi kwesiseko, inendleko ezincinci, kunqweneleka ukuba zikhethe olona candelo "lokomileyo": apho amanzi aphantsi komhlaba asezantsi khona.

Okokuqala, kufuneka uthathe isigqibo malunga nendawo ekhaya

Okulandelayo, indawo ekhethiweyo yenziwa izifundo zejografi zomhlaba. Kule nto, iintsika zomiswe ukuya kubunzulu obuyi-10 ukuya kwi-40 yeemitha: kuxhomekeke kubume besakhiwo kunye nesininzi esicwangcisiweyo sesakhiwo. I-Wells zenza okungenani ezintlanu: Kwelo manqaku apho iikona kwaye phakathi kucwangcisiwe.

Ixabiso eliphakathi lokufunda malunga ne- $ 1000. Ukuba ulwakhiwo lucwangcisiwe ukubaluleka, imali ayiyi kuyichaphazela kakhulu uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali (indleko ephakathi yendlu yi-80-100 yamawaka eedola), kwaye uzisindisa kwiingxaki ezininzi. Ke kule meko, oda isifundo kwiingcali. Ukuba ufuna ukufaka isakhiwo esincinci-indlu encinci, i-cottage, igumbi lokuhlambela, i-gazebo okanye ibala lokudlala eline-mangalom, ke kunokwenzeka ukwenza uphando ngokwakho.

Sikhangela i-geology ngezandla zakho

Ukujonga ubume bejografi yemihlaba, baxhobile ngefosholo. Kuwo onke amanqaku amahlanu-kwii-angles zesakhiwo kwixesha elizayo kwaye kumbindi-kuya kufuneka bambe imingxunya. Ubungakanani: Imitha kwimitha nganye, ubunzulu-ubuncinci i-2,5 m. Iindonga zenza ukuba zigudile (ubuncinci). Ndimba umngxunya wam, sithatha iRoulette kunye nesiqwengana sephepha, umlinganiso kwaye ubhale iindawo.

Ukuphonononga umhlaba phantsi kwe-FOUILE, kuya kufuneka ubiwe njenge shurfs kubunzulu beemitha ezi-2,5.

Yintoni enokubonwa kwimeko:

• Ukusuka phezulu kukho ubumnyama kakhulu - fertile. Ubunzima bayo ukusuka kwi-10 cm ukuya kwi-1.5 yeemitha, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu. Lo mahluko ususiwe. Okokuqala, ikhululekile, okwesibini, kukho izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo / izinambuzane / intsholongwane / fungu. Ke ngoko, kwangoko emva kophawu lwesiseko kuqala, lo mthetho ususiwe.
• Apha ngezantsi umhlaba wendalo. Ke yena wayenokwenza "izilwanyana kunye ne-microorganisms. Kunokubakho imihlaba enjalo;
  • Isanti eqinileyo (enkulu, ephakathi, negrabile). Isiseko esigqwesileyo sokwakha indlu: kwaye amanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye isiseko sinokuthenjwa. Kumhlaba onjalo, unokubeka indlu kwisiseko esifundwayo esincinci (ubunzulu bokuxhonywa ukusuka kwi-50 cm).
  • I-Bulk Sands (incinci kwaye inothuli). Ukuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba abekwe ngokunzulu, kunokwenzeka. Kodwa lo mhlaba ube yingozi kuba bahamba xa begcwele amanzi.
  • Udongwe, i-loam, isobho. Siziphatha njenge-sandsy sandsy sandsy, xa ii-shit zintywila ukuba kukho amanzi ambalwa, kodwa amandla abo okuzola aphezulu. Apha kusafuneka ujonge isixa sobuso obuphi na.
  • I-Peatlands. Ezona ziseko zingathembekiyo. Banokusekelwa ekusebenziseni iziseko zeClacominar. Kwaye ke, ukuba akukho nzulu kakhulu umaleko womhlaba onomthamo othandekayo onesifo.

    

    Kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwemihlaba kwindawo nganye

Rhoqo kuvela ubunzima xa bezama ukwahlula imihlaba yobukroti. Ngamanye amaxesha kwanele ukubajonga: Ukuba isanti iyaqhubeka kwaye kukho i-spays spishes - phambi kwakho. Ukuba udongwe luyakholisa, kodwa kukho isanti-ingumhlanga. Ewe, udongwe alunaso naziphi na izinto ezibandakanyayo, zeka ubunzima.

Ikho enye indlela eya kukunceda uqiniseke ukuba uwumisele malini emhlabeni. Ukwenza oku, ukuqengqeleka kwe-roller ukusuka kumhlaba wokufuma (phakathi kweentende, njengokuba kube kanye kwi-kindergarten) kwaye ugobe kwi-babel. Ukuba yonke into ityhutyha - lo ngumthombo weplastiki ophantsi, ukuba uwile iziqwenga - iplastiki yeplastiki, ukuba ishiyekile.

Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nomhlaba okwindawo ekhethiweyo, ungaqala ukukhetha uhlobo lwesiseko.

Ubunzulu besiseko kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba

Zonke izinto zoyilo zichaziwe kwi-SPIP 2.02.01-83 *. Ngokubanzi, yonke into inokuncitshiswa kwezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

• Xa ucwangcisa kwilitye, isanti enkulu nephakathi, ingcwaba, ubukhulu becala ngeSandy Aggregate, ubunzulu besiseko kwinqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba alixhomekeki.
• Ukuba phantsi kwegumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba luncinci okanye lubhanti, emva koko kumanqanaba amanzi aphantsi komhlaba abekiweyo 2 Iimitha ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lokukhupha, ubunzulu besiseko bunokuba nakuphi na. Ukuba amanzi angaphezulu kolu phawu, kubalulekile ukubeka isiseko esingezantsi kwenqanaba lokukhupha.
• Ukuba udongwe, i-loam, imihlaba emikhulu enothuli okanye i-filler yodongwe ingaphantsi kwelodwa, ke isiseko kufuneka sibe sezantsi kunenqanaba lokukhulula (alixhomekeki kwinqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba).

  

  Itheyibhile ngobunzulu obucetyiswayo kwisiseko, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nenqanaba lomhlaba kunye namanzi omhlaba (ukwandisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso, cofa ekunene)

Njengoko ubona, ngokusisiseko isiseko seSiseko seSiseko simiselwa bubukho bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nemali engakanani imihlaba kulo mmandla. Kukutyhafiswa kukubangela ukubangela iingxaki ngeziseko (okanye ukutshintsha inqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba).

Ubunzulu bokubekwa komhlaba

Ukwenzela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba leliphi inqanaba elithathwe kwingingqi yakho, kwanele ukujonga imephu engezantsi.

Kule mephu, unokuqinisekisa inqanaba lokukhutshwa komhlaba kwingingqi (ukwandisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso, cofa kuyo iMouse iphambili)

Kodwa ezi zinto ziyidatha eboshwe, ke kunokwenzeka ukuba zimisele ixabiso lenqaku elithile elinempazamo enkulu kakhulu. Ngeengqondo eziziyo, sinika indlela yokubala ubunzulu beli nqanaba lomhlaba nangaluphi na umhlaba. Kuya kufuneka wazi kuphela amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo kwiinyanga zobusika (ezo apho iqondo lobushushu lenyanga linamaxabiso amabi). Ungazithemba, iFomyula kunye nokubalwa kwabalwa kubekwe ngaphantsi.

Ifomula yokubala ubunzulu bokukhululeka

I-DFN-Guqula ubunzulu kulo mmandla,

Yenza - ukulungisa ukusebenza kwi-akhawunti yomhlaba:

• Imihlaba ephezulu yebanga elikhulu, ngu-0.34;
• Kwisanti ngomthamo ophetheyo ofanelekileyo we-0.3;
• I-bulk sands 0.28;
• Ngodongwe kunye ne-Loam, ngu-0.23;

I-MT-isixa seqondo eliphakathi leqondo lobusika kwibusika kwindawo yakho. Fumana inkonzo yeenkcukacha-manani zeMetrolog ngokwengingqi yakho. Khetha inyanga apho ubushushu benyanga bungaphantsi kune-zero, bonga, fumana ingcambu yesikwere (kukho umsebenzisi kulo naliphi na ikhaltayitha). Isiphumo singene endaweni yefomula.

umzekelo Sizakhela ngodongwe. Iqondo lobusika lasebusika kulo mmandla: -2 ° C, -12 ° C, -15 ° C, -10c, -4 ° C.

Ukubalwa kweqonga lomhlaba kuya kuba ngolu hlobo:

1. MT = 2 + 12 + 15 + 10 + 10 + 43 = 43, sifumana ingcambu yama-43, ngu-6.6;
2. I-DFN = 0.23 * 6.6 = 1.52 m.

Ifumene ukuba ubunzulu bokudalwa kwe-freezing ngokweeparamitha ezichaziweyo: I-1.52 m. Ayingabo bonke, ukuba kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu aya kugcinwa kuwo.

Ukuba isakhiwo siyaphithizela (igumbi lokuhlambela, i-cottage, ulwakhiwo luya kuhamba iminyaka eliqela), sebenzisa ukonyuka kolawulo 1.1, oluya kudala umda wokhuseleko. Kule meko, ubunzulu besiseko se-1.52 m * 1,1 = 1.7 m.

Ukuba isakhiwo siyafuduswa, umhlaba uya kuyifumana isahlulo sawo, kwaye iya kukhululeka kancinci. Ke ngoko, phambi kokufudumeza, ukuthoba i-coefficients. Banokuthathwa etafileni.

I-coefficients ethathela ingqalelo ubukho bokufudumeza esakhiweni. Kubheka ngaphandle kune-warmer endlwini, ukuya kuthi ga kubunzulu obukhulu kuya kufuneka unciphise isiseko (ukonyusa ubungakanani bomfanekiso, cofa kuyo imouse iphambili)

Ke, ukuba amaqondo obushushu ahlala egcinwe ngaphezulu + i-20 ° C, imigangatho yokurhawula iya kuhlala igcinwe, ubunzulu besiseko buya kuba yi-1.52 m * 0.7 = 164 m. I-M .

Kwiitheyibhile kwaye amakhadi anikwa inqanaba eliphakathi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ngokubanzi, mhlawumbi, ekubaleni oku kufanelekile ukusebenzisa idatha yobusika obukhulayo, eyayikule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ububanda ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ubusika obuhleliweyo buyamaxesha amaninzi. Kwaye xa ubalayo ukubala kunqweneleka ukuba ugxile kubo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, uya kulila kancinci, ukuba soyisa iminyaka eli-9, nge-10 yeSiseko sakho siya kunika ubuqhetseba ngenxa yobusika obubandayo kakhulu.

Yintoni ubunzulu bokumba isiseko

Ephethe la manani kunye neziphumo zophando lwendawo, kufuneka ukhethe iindlela ezininzi zeziseko. Eyona ithandwa kakhulu yi-ribbon kunye ne-colmamudolophu okanye imfumba. Uninzi lweengcali zivumelana ukuba ngomthamo oqhelekileyo womhlaba, kufuneka kuphela ukuba babe yi-15-20 cm ngaphantsi kobunzulu bobunzulu. Indlela yokubala, sixelele ngasentla.

Ubunzulu besiseko sisithuba eso siyimfuneko ukuphakamisa isiseko

Kule meko, qwalasela ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

• Ukuxhomekeka kuphela kufanele kube yimgangatho wokungakhathali okuhle.
• Isiseko kufuneka sibethwe ngokuxinezeleka ubuncinci i-10-15 cm.
• Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba amanzi umhlaba abe ngezantsi. Ngaphandle koko, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo okuqinisekisa amanzi okanye ukwehlisa inqanaba labo, kwaye oku kufuna imali enkulu kakhulu.
• Ukuba umhlaba ophetheyo unzulu kakhulu, kufanelekile ukuthathela ingqalelo uhlobo lwelitye lesiseko.

Ngokukhetha iintlobo ezininzi zesiseko ngokuchaza ubunzulu bezinto ezibalwa, ukubalwa kwexabiso lexabiso ngalinye kwenziwa. Khetha Lowo uza kuba noqoqosho ngakumbi.

Isaqaphela ukuba ukunciphisa ubunzulu besiseko, ungafaka isidlo sakusasa esishushu. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwesiseko se-ribbn yesiseko esincinci sendawo yokuxhonywa kwendawo enyanzelekileyo.

Isiseko esihle sokuzalwa

Ngamanye amaxesha isiseko somhlaba onzulu sixabisa kakhulu. Emva koko siqwalasele imfumba (i-sumanino-ukusebenzela) okanye iziseko zokuxhonywa okuncinci (ziphule). Baye babizwa ngokuba "bakhwela". Iintlobo ezimbini kuphela zeplate ye-monolithic kunye neribhoni.

Isiseko se-Slab sithathwa njengeyona nto inokuthenjwa kwaye ichazwe ngokulula. Uloyilo olunje ukuba unokufumana umonakalo obalulekileyo kuphela ngempazamo enkulu xa uyila. Nangona kunjalo, inokuchithwa.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphuhlisi beziseko zokuxhela abathandi: bajongwa njengokubiza kakhulu. Kuthatha izinto ezininzi (ubukhulu becala) kunye nexesha (ekwenzeni ukukhula kwe-wimidiphelo yokuqiniswa okufanayo). Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha isiseko se-slab sinexabiso eliphantsi kune-ribbbn downkhaam okanye imfumba. Ke musa ukuyihlisa kwangoko kwiiakhawunti. Ilungile ukuba ufuna ukwakha isakhiwo esinzima kwi-bunny okanye imihlaba emininzi.

Isiseko sokuncamathela okuncinci

Iteyiphu yohlobo oluhle inokuba nobunzulu obuyi-60 cm. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka isekwe emhlabeni ngomthamo oqhelekileyo wokuthwala. Ukuba ubunzulu bobunzulu bochumileyo bukhulu, ke ubunzulu beSiseko seNgxowa-mali buyanda.

Ngeziseko zeribhoni ye-petty Ebergylement phantsi kwezakhiwo ezilula, yonke into ilula kakhulu: basebenza kakuhle. Umdibaniso kunye ne-log cabin okanye ibha yoqoqosho kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukhetho oluqinisekileyo. Ukuba iiribhoni ziyasebenza, iinkuni eziphalazelayo zihlangabezana ngokugqibeleleyo nazo. Phantse kuphele ikhaya livakala kakuhle kwesi siseko.

Kufuneka ukubale ngononophelo ukuba ubale ukuba isiseko sebhanti esihleweyo siqokelelwa yibhloko yokwakha ukukhanya (ikhonkrithi ye-Ieed, njl. Njl.). Baphendula ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokutshintsha iJometri. Apha sifuna ukubonisana nomntu onamava kunye, okomsebenzi onobuchule ngamava abanzi.

Ulwakhiwo lweSlab Foundation

Kodwa phantsi kwendlu enzima, isiseko setyhefu singenamsebenzi. Ukuhambisa wonke umthwalo, kufuneka kwenziwe kakhulu. Kule meko, kakhulu, islab iya kuba yingabizi.

Isebenza njani isiseko esincinci

Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa xa lubiza kakhulu ukulwela amagunya kwaye akenzi ngqondo. Kwimeko yeziseko zehlazo ezincinci kunye nabo kwaye ungalwaluki. Banokutshiwo, ukungakhathaleli. Benza nje ukuba isiseko kunye nendlu inyuke kwaye iwele kunye nomhlaba otyhafileyo. Ke ngoko, babizwa ngokuba "bakhwela".

Konke okuyimfuneko kukubonelela ngesikhundla esizinzileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olunzima lwazo zonke iindawo zesiseko kunye nezinto zeNdlu. Kwaye ngale nto ufuna ukubalwa okuhle.

Inqaku lesihloko: Ungayenza njani iCornice yamakhethini ngezandla zabo kwintombi?