Emva kokwakhiwa kwendlu okanye naluphi na olunye ulwakhiwo oluphambili lokuqala kukwakhiwa komceli mngeni kumjikelezo wesakhiwo. Lo ngumphathi okhuselayo, otyibilikayo isakhiwo ecaleni komda wayo, kunye nomqeshwa wokususa amanzi kwindlu ngomgama othile. Yenza inani lemisebenzi eluncedo ekhusela isiseko kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide lolwakhiwo luphela. Injongo yeli nqaku kukubonisa indlela onokuthi wenze ikhefu kwiNdlu ngezandla zakho ngokukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo.
Yintoni oyifunayo?
- Ukukhusela isiseko . Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukuxhelwa kuthintela ukungena kwemvula kwaye kunyibilike amanzi kwisiseko sesakhiwo. Oku kunegalelo kugcino lwengqibelelo yesiseko, enokuphazamiseka enokungena emhlabeni kunye nokukhulula.
- Yongeza ukufuduswa kwe-thermal yesiseko Nendlu iyonke. Indawo eyenza umaleko owongezelelweyo webala enciphisa isiphumo sobushushu obuphantsi komhlaba ojikeleze ulwakhiwo.
- I-skostka ihambelana nesakhiwo, ukunika ukugqibelela kwendlu . Ngokwesiqhelo imbonakalo yendawo ikhethiwe ukuze ihambelane nesakhiwo.
- Isicelo esisebenzayo kwifom yendlela yokuhamba ngeenyawo . Le yindlela yokuhamba kakuhle malunga nendlela okanye phakathi kwezakhiwo ezikufuphi.
Iindidi zeSkostkovy
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwenziwa kwesidlo sakusasa, kuyimfuneko ukubona ukuba yeyiphi kwezinto eziza kuyisebenzisa. Uluhlu Olunye *
- Indawo ye-classical (ikhonkrithi) Ukwenzela ukwenziwa kwedongwe, isanti kunye namagqwirha ahambahamba emseleni, kwaye ipie "igalelwe ngesisombululo sekhonkrithi. Imeko ejikeleze indlu yenziwa ikhonkrithi yenziwa nje, kodwa iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okuthembekileyo kwendawo yokuthenga evela emanzini.
Kwimifanekiso yefoto ye-seritete swipdown
- Umphezulu odityaniswe ngamaqhina . Iipleyiti ezinjalo zixhonywa kwi-sleanti etyumkileyo. Kukho isanti phakathi kweepleyiti ezikufuphi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukhethe iipleyiti ezininzi zokuyila umhombiso onomdla okanye umphezulu.
Kwifoto yendawo ejikeleze indlu yendlu eyenziwe nge-pubing slabs
- Ilitye okanye ikhonkrithi . Inika umbono onobuhle wento kwaye iqine kakhulu. Njengesilayidi esahlukileyo esixhonyiweyo, iplevement ifakwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanzi okanye ikhonkrithi. Ibekwe ngaphezulu kwesanti kunye ne-subble. Izithuba phakathi kwezinto zomntu ngamnye zizaliswe yintlabathi.
- Iqhekezwe okanye igravel . Olu luhlobo olubizwa ngokuba luthambileyo. Ilitye elityumkileyo okanye igravel lingalalanga kwizinto ezingenamanzi engenabuhlobo kumsele. Le yeyona ndlela ilula yokwenza ukwahlukana kwezandla zakho.
Ingcebiso: Akucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-Porcelain yama-Perrilain njengeyona nto iphambili. Ukubekwa kwicala elingaphezulu lekhonkrithi, iya kuba nolunye ulwandiso olunelungelo lokuxakeka kobushushu kunekhonkrithi. Isiphumo sinokuba sisithuba okanye ukuqhekeza i-Porcelain yamatye.
IMITHETHO YOKUGQIBELA
Xa kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwendawo ejikeleze indlu, imithetho egunyazisiweyo kufuneka ilandelwe:
- Xa ulungiselela umsele, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukufundisela kancinci eludongeni lweNdlu. Iya kubonelela ngeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo kwindlu kwaye iya kuthintela ukuhamba kwayo ezindongeni ngexesha le-rousts ezinzima.
- Imeko ejikeleze indlu kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo eqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokutsiba nayiphi na indawo. Kufanele ukuba ube luluhlu oluvaliweyo. Kula matyala kuphela isiseko siya kubonelelwa ngokukhuselwa okuthembekileyo ekululameni nasekunyibilikeni kwamanzi.
- Ububanzi bomphezulu ogqityiweyo kukhethwe ngokubalwa kangaka ukuze kwenzeke ubuncinci i-20 cm yokuqikelela emhlabeni. Oko kukuthi, yena kufanele ukuba ube nophahla olubanzi . Kule meko, amanzi ahamba phantsi akayi kungeniswa emhlabeni, kodwa aya kushiywa engaphezulu. Kukholelwa ukuba ubuncinci bobuncinci boyilo luyi-70 cm, kunye nemihlaba ye-binsing-1 m.
- Ifowuni yendawo ejikeleze indlu ibandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuthambeka kwamanzi. Qiniseka ukuba ubonelela I-blove yendawo yendawo . I-angle yethambeka ikhethwe ubuncinci i-1.5 degrees. Oku malunga ne-15 mm kububanzi bemitha yendawo. Ithambeka elinjalo liya kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwelinye icala lecala.
Ngexesha lokwakha, indawo eyimfuneko eyimfuneko
- Phakathi kwendawo nolwakhiwo Kufuneka ushiye imbuyekezo yembuyekezo . Ziyafuneka ukuthintela umonakalo kwisidlo sakusasa kwimeko ye-sediment yayo. Ukuba imeko ayibotshelelwa eludongeni, emva koko iya kunyuka nje umhlaba, ijonge emhlabeni, ukuthintela ukwaphula ingqibelelo. Ngokwenza umthungo wethungo, kukho iingqekembe ezimbini zerabhasi kufutshane nodonga kufutshane nodonga okanye unamathele kwi-bitumen mastic. Ubusezantsi ububanzi bomthungo yi-1 cm. Kananjalo, iiaams zeMbuyekezo kufuneka zenziwe kwi-Angular ijika i-Anglar yendawo kunye nazo zonke iimitha ezimbalwa, zibabeka ngokwakho kwisakhiwo. Ukwenza oku, imitya yamaplanga efakwe kumda.
Icebiso: Iindlela zokhuni ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza imithungo enyanzelekileyo, qiniseka ukuba igubungele ngezinto eziguqukayo zamanzi ukuthintela ukubola kwabo. Inokuqhawula umtshato kwi-kerosene bit, i-olif, imastic, njl.
Senza isidlo sakusasa sekhonkrithi
Olu lwakhiwo lweklasikhi olusetyenziselwa uninzi lwezakhiwo ezininzi. Ukwahlulwa kwekhonkrithi kujikeleze indlu kufanele kwenziwe kuyo yonke imigaqo esetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwezakhiwo. Inokuthenjwa kwaye kuyilo olusebenzayo.Yintoni ekufuneka ifunwa kulwakhiwo:
- Ifosholo ye-bayot ukuba umhlaba uza kufihlwa;
- Intambo yenzelwe ukumakisha;
- Inqanaba lokwakha lokubonisa olufanelekileyo kunye nokubonelela nge-angle ye-till ukugcwalisa;
- Master Kulungile;
- lawula ukuthoba isisombululo;
- isanti;
- Iibhodi zokwenza umsebenzi kunye nokwenza imijelo yokuhlawula;
- Iliwa elityumkileyo;
- amanzi;
- Isisombululo sekhonkrithi esilungiselelwe okanye isisombululo;
- I-ruberoid okanye i-bitumen ukwenza ithungo lembuyekezo;
- Umthamo wokuguqa isisombululo ukuba senziwe ngokuzimeleyo.
Inkqubo yokwenza isiqwenga sekhonkrithi
Ngoku qwalasela indlela yokuphalaza ikhefu elijikeleze indlu ngesisombululo sekhonkrithi.
Isikimu sesixhobo sekhonkrithi sesixhobo
1. Ukumakisha indawo yokwakha. Kweli nqanaba, umda wesakhiwo ugqobhoza izikhonkwane ezikumgama ofanayo kwiindonga zesakhiwo. Umgama we-1.5-2 m ungekahlawulwa phakathi kwamanhasi
2. Ngefosholo ye-bayot, umaleko womhlaba ususwe kubunzulu obungama-30 cm. Ngenxa yoko, umsele phakathi kwesiseko kunye nentambo eyoluliweyo yenziwa. Ukuphucula iipropathi zokuphucula amanzi zendawo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ibe ngumaleko wodongwe emazantsi emsele.
3. Ilori yenziwa ngezantsi komsele. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kungcono ukuthatha ithuba lelog ejikelezileyo.
Ingcebiso: Ukuba iingcambu zezityalo zahlala kumsele, ezantsi komsele kokongeza ukongeza kwiikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zentshabalalo yazo. Olo nyango aluyi kuvumela izityalo zitshabalalise umsebenzi ogqityiweyo.
4. Umsebenzi wefom usekwe kumjikelezo womsele. Ukwenzela ukuvelisa, ungasebenzisa iiBhodi, iziqwenga ze-Stove Stomes kunye nezinye izinto. Iibhodi zinokufakwa kwi-Spirk ngokuziqumbisa, kwaye ezinye izinto zilungisiwe ngemitya.
5. Intlabathi igutyungelwe kumsele womaleko we-10 cm, enqwenelekayo ukuba inyibilikiswe ngamanzi kunye ne-tamper.
6. Ilitye elityumkileyo libekwe phezu kwentlabathi, igravel ingasetyenziswa. Ungqimba lokudideka - i-6-8 cm.
7. Ngaphesheya kwemingxunya, ngenyathelo leemitha ezi-2, imiphetho ifakwe kumda, oya kubuyekeza i-subremeds yentshukumo yekhonkrithi. Ukongeza, iibhodi ziya kudlala indima ye-beacon ngexesha lokucinezela.
8. Igridi yokuqinisekisa ibekwe kwilitye elityumkileyo okanye isakhelo sokuqiniswa kweseli yi-10 cm. Ukuba onke amalungu anemisebenzi aqhagamshelwe omnye komnye ngonxibelelwano lwe-welding okanye ucingo.
Ukuqiniswa kokwenza umsebenzi kunye nokufakelwa kweeplanga zeSeams
9. Isisombululo sekhonkrithi siphalazwa ngokuhambelana nethambeka elihambelanayo. Usebenzisa umthetho, isisombululo siyanyibilika phakathi kwe-beaconp.
Ukugcwalisa ikhonkrithi yomsebenzi
10. Ngelixa isisombululo asikho qhwa, senziwa ngentsimbi yomphezulu wayo. Ukwenza oku, umphezulu wekhonkrithi ufefa ngesamente kwaye igudile i-troul. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukuthambeka komhlaba ogqityiweyo.
Ukwenza ithambeka elithambileyo
I-Softener ebizwa ngokuba yeyona ndlu ijikeleze indlu inokwenziwa ngokuzimela ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zilandelayo kunye nezixhobo:
- I-Shoutlon Bayot;
- intambo kunye nezikhonkwane;
- Iliwa elityumkileyo;
- udongwe;
- isanti;
- I-roundroofing yaManzi eQhelekileyo.
Indawo esuka kwi-rubble ijikeleze indlu ihlala yenziwa kwiimeko apho abasebenzi bengacwangcisi ukulungisa kwakhona olu uyilo, nakwimeko yezakhono ezifanelekileyo zemali. Inoyilo olulula, kwaye ixesha lokwenza ilungiselelo lalo lincitshisiwe.
Umzekelo weThezulu elithambileyo
Inkqubo yemveliso
1. I-Spaning Storup iphawulwe kwaye ikhuphe intambo kwipeni enkqonkqoziweyo.2. Kukho umsele phakathi kwentambo kunye nodonga lwendlu, ukuba nobunzulu obuyi-30 cm.
3. Umsele uhleli nomaleko wodongwe ubuncinci i-10 cm. Udongwe luphazamisekile kakuhle.
4. I-CARPPROOPOREDROOREDROOREDROPROREDROREDROREDROREDROREDROREDRED ifakwe kudongwe. I-Eurick EURUCOID ilungele kakuhle. Kuya kufuneka eze eludongeni lweesentimitha nge-10-15.
Kubalulekile: Musa ukubeka i-waterprooferferfer enombhinqo, kuba kubanda amanzi kunye nokuhamba komhlaba kungaphula. Lo mbandela mayibe ngcono ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ineezodo ezininzi.
5. I-Waterproofer igutyungelwe ngumaleko omncinci wesanti.
6. Zonke ezinye indawo ukuya kumphezulu womsele zigutyungelwe ngumthi.
Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze isidlo sakusasa, ukuba amanzi angawa phezu kophahla. Ngaphandle koko, amanzi aya kwenza amashishini kuwo.
Sajonga indlela yokwenza ikhefu elithambileyo lajikeleza indlu. . Ukuba unqwenela, ungayifaka uyilo ngokwenza ukuba ithandeke ngakumbi. Umaleko wenkunkuma ngaphezulu unokugutyungelwa ngentlabathi, kwaye ubeke i-pings fake ngaphezulu.
I-Gamesost yokuGqitha
Iskimu sokufakwa kwebhokisi yebhokisi yepenplex
Ukudibana okufudumeleyo kuya kwandisa iqondo lobushushu kwigumbi elingaphantsi, lenza ukhululekile ngakumbi. Ukusebenza, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-polystyrene ye-polystyrene ekhutshiweyo kwindawo yokwakha. Inomnyaka ophezulu kwaye inqunyulwe kakuhle.
I-cesspool ye-inseri ejikeleze indlu yenziwa ngolandelelwano olulandelayo:
- Umsebenzi ofakwe ngumfanekiso nge-analogy ngesidlo sakusasa esikhonkxiweyo.
- I-15 cm tmnch ilala i-sand yesanti yomileyo.
- Intlabathi igutyungelwe ngerabhasi, engena eludongeni.
- I-Incyliserfan inqunyulwe ngumthwalo wesayizi echaziweyo kwaye igcinwe ngaphezulu kwe-Russid. Ukunqongophala kweemoto zezinto ezibonakalayo kuqinisekisiwe. Isetyenziselwe ukufunyanwa kobunzima obufanayo kunye nesakhiwo esinye.
- Igridi yokuqinisa i-grid ibekwe kwindawo yokufakelwa ngaphezulu.
- I-faide yokugqibela ikhonkrithi.
Ukufakelwa kwendawo enjalo ngokulandelelana kwe-polystyrene ngaphandle kwahluka kwikhonkrithi yesiqhelo, kodwa inqweneleka ngakumbi kwizindlu ezinamagumbi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwiziseko ezifudumeleyo.
Yindlela entle ejikeleze indlu yeNdlu - indlela entle yokufumana izakhiwo zakho kwimpembelelo eyonakalisayo yokufuma. Xa umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuzimeleyo, akunakubakho simo sengqondo sokuvuma kumxholo wokwakha.
Ividiyo
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge enye ividiyo kwinqaku lethu.
Inqaku lesihloko: Nguwuphi umlawuli okhetha ibhetri yelanga