I-heater yamanzi elanga luhlobo lomqokeleli oqokelela imitha yesola, iguqula ubushushu, kwaye ivelise amanzi ashushu ngenxa yeemfuno zabathengi. Umbono wokusebenzisa amandla elanga ngokufudumeza kwamanzi kudala kwavuka. Ke, i-prototype ye-heater ye-heater yale mihla yadalwa kwi-XVIII Ikhulu kwi-Switzerland. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela yokufudumeza kwamanzi iyathandwa kakhulu. Inkokeli yehlabathi ekusetyenzisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemveliso yelanga ngokwesiko China. Kweli lizwe, amakhaya azizigidi ezingama-60 asebenzisa amandla elanga ngokufudumeza kwamanzi. Kwaye kwaSirayeli, ama-85% amagumbi anezitshisi zelanga. Ngapha koko, ukusebenzisa kwabo kulawulwa ngumthetho, okusengqiqweni ukusukela ngo-1976, kwaye kuyanyanzeleka ukuba kwenze izindlu usebenzisa iinkqubo ezinjalo.
Iskimu senkqubo ye-solar yelanga.
Izitshisi zamanzi zinezibonelelo ezininzi. Okokuqala, bavumela ukuba ukungapheli kwaphela, ke ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zabathwali ngokwesiko, njengegesi nombane. Okwesibini, banciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kwinani, ngokuhambelana ngqo namandla asosileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa isiphumo seGreenhouse.
I-Buck yokufudumeza kwamanzi ngezandla zabo
Iskimu seemodyuli zeSolar.
Esona sipholo selanga esiqhelekileyo yishala yehlobo. Unokwakha inkqubo eshushu yamanzi ngezandla zakho. Kulula ngokupheleleyo. Isiseko sayo yitanki yamanzi, eshushu yimitha yelanga. Ngaphandle kokuqonda, isakhiwo esinjalo sinokwanelisa imfuneko yamanzi ashushu ngexesha lokufudumeza.
Eyona nto igwenxa kakhulu yale ndlela yokufudumeza kukuba, ngaphandle kobushushu bamanzi aneleyo kwitanki ngexesha lasemini (ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45 ° C), iyawa ngobusuku. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukuphulukana nobushushu ebusuku, kuyimfuneko nokuba ukhumbule itanki ngobusuku bonke, okanye ukudibanisa amasango amanzi ashushu kwitanki eshushu. Itanki enjalo inokusebenza njengegesi okanye i-boilers yombane, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumakhaya. Ukukhetha i-boiler njenge-drive kugwetyelwe nokuba kusuku olunamafu amanzi kwitanki akuyi kushushu kangange-30.
Ingubo enjalo eyenziwa yezandla zakhe iya kusebenza njengendlela ethembekileyo nenoqoqosho yokuphilisa ehlotyeni kwaye iya kukhawuleza ihlawulele.
Ukukhetha olu hlobo lokuphulukana neSolar, kuyimfuneko ukuthathela ingqalelo iimbaleki ezininzi:
- Isidingo sokugcwalisa yonke imihla kwaye sidibanise itanki;
- Ngosuku olunamafu, amanzi kwitanki akakhathalelwanga ngaphezulu kwe-30.
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Ukufakwa kwetanki yamanzi
Iskimu sokufudumeza kwamanzi.
Ukwakhiwa kwetanki lamanzi elanga, siya kuyifuna:
- itanki yokufudumeza;
- i-boiler;
- Umbhobho wamanzi onamaqhekeza amathathu;
- I-insor yeqonga lamanzi.
Ungasebenzisa nayiphi na itanki lamanzi njengetanki yokufudumeza: I-Barrel yentsimbi, i-cube okanye umbhobho omkhulu wobubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezona zilungele ukufakelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa yitanki ekhethekileyo yePolythylene ngomphefumlo wehlobo kunye nevolumu ye-300 yeelitha. Inemilo eflethi, ubunzima bokukhanya, bupeyinta mnyama mnyama, hayi rust. Yonke le nto ibonelela ngobushushu obushushu kunye nokufakelwa ngokulula ngezandla zabo. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, i-nyibilika okanye imibhobho yePolyProplene yamanzi abandayo kufuneka ikhethwe. Imenyu yamanzi iqhotyoshelwe kwi-TAK ikhava kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulawula inqanaba layo lokugcwalisa. Ukunyuka kweskimu senkqubo yale nkqubo kubonisiwe kumzobo.
Ukugcwalisa itanki yokufudumeza, kuyimfuneko ukuvala i-crane 3. I-crane 1 kunye ne-2 ihleli kwindawo evulekileyo. Emva kokugcwalisa amandla, i-plamba yoxinzelelo igqunywe yi-crane 1. Ekupheleni kosuku, amanzi ashushu adityaniswe kwi-boiler ngokuvula i-crane 3. Ukuba i-crane 3 kufuneka igqunywe kwaye usebenzise i-boiler kwimo yesiqhelo.
Inkqubo yokufudumeza yamanzi esebenzisa i-solar
Iskimu somgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenza kunye nesixhobo sebhetri yelanga.
Ukuba itanki yokufudumeza kwamanzi isetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha lokuphela kwelanga, emva koko i-ilanga iqokele ngohlobo lokuphela kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukwandisa amandla okusebenzisa ilanga ukuya ku-Okthobha. Inkqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yimpompo ayisetyenziswanga kuyilo lwayo. Isidingo sokuzoba amanzi nge-boiler kule meko. Nangona kunjalo, ukonga kwamandla okukhulu kuyakwazi ukukhululeka.
Eyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokufudumeza amanzi ngumququzeleli welanga. Ukuze kufezekiswe izikhombisi eziphezulu zokusebenza kule nto, kunye nokuthembeka kunye nokulula kweNdibano, ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kubushushu. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalisile ukuba imibhobho yensimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi zezona zixhobo zinezinto ezinobushushu. Ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yeplasiti yentsimbi kukwavumeleka, kodwa i-thabatha yabo yeyokuphumelela xa ityhilwe kubushushu bomhlaba, kunye nokufana nokuvuza kwamanzi ngenxa yeentlobo ngeentlobo zemichiza. Ukuba kukho ifriji endala, engafunekiyo endlwini, endaweni yemibhobho onokuyisebenzisa inyoka yakhe.
Indibano kunye nokufakelwa kwe-heater yamanzi elanga esebenzisa igadi ngezandla zakho
Iskimu segridi yamandla xa usebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga.
Ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakhiwa komqokeleli welanga kwaye kuncitshiswe ubunzima bayo, imibhobho yentsimbi inokutshintshwa kunye ne-hose ediyayo elula, ukuyicofa kwizandla zawo. Inzuzo yakhe kukungabikho kwemigaqo eyongezelelweyo, ukuphelisa ukuvuza, iindleko eziphantsi, ukubakho kokushwankathela amanzi kumqokeleli ngqo kumbhobho.
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Ukwakhiwa kwesifuya samanzi elanga esinomqokeleli kwigadi i-hose yegadi siya kuyidinga:
- iglasi yefestile;
- igadi hose;
- I-Polypropylene okanye iphepha leselula le-polycarbonate yesiseko.
Izixhobo ze-hose-irabha okanye iyomeleza i-PVC. Ububanzi bangaphakathi-ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-19 mm ukunciphisa inqanaba lokunganyangeki kwe-hydraulic. Ubungqingqwa bodonga lweHose awungaphantsi kwe-2.5 mm. Xa ukhetha umbala ukuze unike ukhetho kwiithoni ezimnyama okanye ezimnyama ukuphucula ubushushu. Iglasi kufuneka ikhethwe ngefestile, ngaphandle kwemali efunwayo, njengefilimu ye-polymer kunye neglasi ye-organic ilithi-chaphaza ubude, kwaye i-i-glasi ebizwa ngokuba yi-I-glass ibonisa isikhafu. Xa ukhetha phakathi kokubhomboloza ngokutsha, ukugcwala kabini, ukulawulwa kuya kukhokelwa nguMgaqo: Ukuba i-heater iya kusetyenziswa rhoqo ngexesha lokufudumala, emva koko ukukhetha kungcono ukunika i-gozing enye ukuba ixesha lokubanda liphindwe kabini. Umsantsa phakathi kwegwebu kunye neglasi inokutywinwa ngezandla zawo isebenzisa i-silicone, iglue esekwe emanzini okanye i-fad elula. Umgama phakathi kweglasi kunye ne-hose yi-1.2- 2 mm.
Umgaqo wokusebenza kwesifudumelo samanzi ulele kuhlobo lomgibe we-thermal: I-rays yelanga iwele kwiglasi, i-hose ishushu, ephepheni ibubushushu, kodwa iphinde ibubushushu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala Ukuqina kwayo. Njengesiseko se-heater yamanzi, endaweni yephepha elinetyala, isakhelo somthi esinezantsi esiqinileyo kunye nomaleko phakathi kwezantsi kwaye umqokeleli ngohlobo lwe-foil kunye ne-rabile ye-foil ingesetyenziswa.
Ukufakwa kwe-heater yamanzi elanga ukusuka kwi-HOSE yegadi kuboniswa kumzobo.
Xa ufaka isifuba samanzi, kuya kufuneka wazi ngezandla zakho ukuba i-boiler kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba le-60 cm ngaphezulu komda ophezulu womqokeleli weSolar ukubonelela ngesiphumo se-SORYFAFOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOP. Ubude bomibhobho yoNxibelelwano phakathi komqokeleli kunye nomququzeleli kufuneka njengokufutshane ukunciphisa amandla angxande xa kukho amanzi.
Iskimu se-coil ye-Boiler.
Ukunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu, izigqibo zeHose kunye nombhobho kufuneka zitshiswe. Ukufakwa kwe-thermal ngaphakathi, kunye nakwinxalenye ezimfutshane zombhobho, ukufunyanwa kwe-Polythylene Fom yezi njongo zinokusetyenziselwa ezi njongo. Ukufakelwa kwe-thermal yesigqibo kunye nemibhobho engaphezulu kwe-3 m, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-folpourethane foam. Ukudibanisa i-hose kumbhobho, i-clomp isetyenziselwa imibhobho yerabha.
Okokuqala kufuneka ugcwalise i-hose ngamanzi kunye nokukhulula umoya ngaphandle kwayo: Sivala i-crane 2 kwaye sivule i-crane yamanzi ashushu 6. Amanzi avela kumqokeleli welanga 1. Xa i-fubble inyamalala. Siya kunyamalala emanzini amdaka, sigqiba kwelokuba akukho jams yendlela yomoya kumqokeleli. Emva koko sivula i-crane 2, kunye namanzi abandayo phantsi kwento ye-thermosifone ingena kwi-heater. Ukuyekisa umsebenzi wokuqokelela, ukuqhoboshela i-crane 3. I-thabatha yesi sifunga samanzi selanga sisidingo sokufumana amanzi kumququzeleli we-chembe 3, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-boiler yokuphosa amanzi kwi ukuphela kosuku kwimozulu enamafu kunye ngexesha lokubandayo. Ngaphandle koko, iyayeka ukujikeleza.
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Ukubalwa kwentsebenzo ye-heater yamanzi
Ukubala intsebenzo ye-heater yamanzi ahambahambayo, ziyafuneka ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:- ububanzi beHose;
- ubushushu bomoya;
- Inani eliqhelekileyo leeyure zelanga kwithuba.
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-1 m yeHose, ububanzi bangaphandle be-25 mm, kubushushu bomoya +25 ºс ngakwimihla yelanga 3.5 yeelitha zamanzi ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu lomoya ukuya +32 ºсс phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo - +50 ºс. Isikhombisi esiphakathi sonyaka senani lokukhanya kwelanga le-MOSCOW kunye nengingqi yeMoscow yi-5.5 iiyure, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iintsuku ezinamafu. Ngenxa yoko, kunye nobude be-Hose 10 m kumqokeleli, ukusebenza kuya kuba: 3.5 * 10 * 5.5 = 192.5 l ngamanzi ashushu. Umda ongezantsi weqondo lobushushu lomoya apho umsebenzi womqokeleli luluncedo khona, '5 ºсс. Xa iqondo lobushushu liyancipha, amanzi kumqokeleli kufuneka adityaniswe.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenzisa i-heater yelanga
Kukho uluvo lokuba iRussia ayilungelanga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga ukulungiselela amanzi ngenxa yemozulu ebandayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba izitshisi zeSoAr zisebenza khona kuma-latitudy yethu, siya kusebenza ngengqondo enjalo njengendawo yokungalungisi (inani lamandla elanga eliwela kumhlaba ophantsi emhlabeni). Kwintsimi yaseRussia, ireyithi yokufumana inyusi yonyaka ukusuka kwi-800 ukuya kwi-1900 kW / m2. Kwingingqi yeMoscow, esi salathisi singama-1100 kWh / m2. Umzekelo, eJamani, ngesalathisi esifanayo se-fan, le nkqubo igubungela indawo epheleleyo engaphezu kwe-6 yezigidi zeM2.
Izitshisi zelanga ziyasebenza ngokupheleleyo kumyinge welizwe lethu. Bayakwazi ukugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% yombane. Ngokwezifundo eziqhutywa yiZiko laseJamani leFizi laseJamani, usapho oluqhelekileyo lwabantu aba-4 lusebenzisa umndilili wama-4400 kWh ngonyaka. Izixa ezinjalo zamandla zinokuvelisa iimodyuli zesolar kunye nendawo ye-34 m2 ye-36 kuphela. Kwaye nokuba i-heater yelanga eyenziwe ngezandla zayo iya kunika indlela ye-analogue yemveliso yamashishini, imali eyonga amandla isekhona.