Ukomelezwa kwezakhiwo zophawu zinokufuneka kwiimeko apho kwenziwa iimpazamo kwinqanaba lokuyila okanye ukwakhiwa kwendawo. Imithwalo ebaliweyo ngokungachanekanga okanye iipropathi ezibonakalayo zinokukhokelela kuhlaselo lophahla, kwaye nakwintshabalalo yayo ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko, ukomeleza i-raftter iba yinkqubo efunekayo kabukhali enokusindisa ikhaya lakho.
Iindlela zokwenza inkqubo yeRAFT.
Iingcantsi, ezisisiseko zolunye uphahla, kufuneka liqinisekiswe ngamaxesha ngamaxesha kubukho beso nasiphi na isiphene okanye umonakalo owenziwayo ngexesha lokusebenza kophahla. Kwimeko yokufumanisa, kuyimfuneko ukomeleza nokuqinisa inkqubo yendlu yeNdlu, igaraji, i-Shed, iiBhati okanye ezinye izakhiwo. Iimpazamo ngexesha lokufakelwa kunye nokubala kungenzeka naluphi na uhlobo lweenkqubo zeRafter, ngenxa yoko i-masters yasekhaya ifuna isakhono sokuqinisa ubuchule babo bonke.
Ukomeleza imilenze yeRhafu
Isixhobo senkqubo yeRAFT.
Ukomeleza ubuhlahla bunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi, ngokweenkcukacha ezona ziphambili ziya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi. Ezi ndlela zinokusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwaye zizonke. Kwimeko nganye nganye, abaninimzi ngokwabo kufuneka basombulule lo mbandela. Kodwa kungcono ukungagcini kwaye uthathele ingqalelo ukuba intshabalalo yophahla ngaphezulu kwegaraji enye inokuyonakalisa imoto kwaye ingathethi ingozi yengozi yeNdlu yoKuphila indlu.
Ke, ingeniso yemisebenzi yenkxaso iqhutywa usebenzisa:
- "Iimbambari", imiqadi ethatha inxaxheba kwipesenti yomthwalo;
- ufakelo lweziphoso;
- I-Bilateral lining.
Izikhuseli zisekwe kwiimeko apho uluhlu olungachanekanga lwemithwalo kwiiratshi lwenziweyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kwecandelo lomnqamlezo lemithi ephethe lo phahla lufuneka. Ukwenza oku kusomeleza kulula kakhulu, kuba kufuneka ukufaka le nyama eyongezelelweyo kwaye ukhuseleke phakathi kweMaumer kunye nonyawo lwencasa. Ibanjwe nge-clamps ebotwe okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi ekhethekileyo ngamazinyo.
Iindidi eziphambili zeenkqubo zeRAFT.
Indawo yokumisela unyawo lohambo kwimpompo ikwafuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yomnini khaya, kuba kunjalo kule ndawo ukuba ubuninzi boxinzelelo lwenzeka. Njengokucaca, khumbula indlela ophule ngayo intonga ebuntwaneni bakho, yindima yedolo kunye nokwenza umkhosi. Ukunciphisa umthwalo kunye nomngcipheko wokuphambuka kweendawo eziqhubekayo kwindawo apho baphumla khona kwimpompo, sikucebisa ukuba sandise icandelo le-bar ngenxa yeepleyiti zayo eziBhodi. Ubungqingqwa beelines kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubalo lwecandelo elifunwayo loyilo kunye nomthwalo ocwangcisiweyo wokugoba. Iiramili zokuqinisa i-lining kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zihlala zizikhonkwane okanye iibhotile ezizodwa zixhunyiwe. Ukuba kwangaxeshanye ubude beesampulu zandise ngenqaku lenkxaso, ke kunokwenzeka ukuba lukwanda kungekuphela nje kwamandla e-beam, kodwa nayo yonke indawo yokudibanisa.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Imiyalelo, indlela yokugcwalisa umgangatho wamanzi ngezandla zakho
Ngamanye amaxesha kwiprojekthi kusenokubakho impazamo ekumiseleni ikona yophahla lophahla, kwaye utyando lutyhila le mpazamo. Umzekelo, ngesikelo esipholileyo esipholileyo, ikhephu liqokelela, elinokonakalisa uphahla. Kule meko, kuya kufuneka ukuzisa utshintsho kulwakhiwo lolwakhiwo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iinxalenye ezintsha zoRafter ziqhotyoshelwe kwizinto ezindala zonqulo kunye nezikhonkwane, enkosi apho iifama ezisandul 'ukubekwa khona ziqinile kwaye zitshintshe indawo ophantsi.
Le ndlela iya kukuvumela ukuba wenze iinguqu kwizakhiwo ze-raft kwaye kwangaxeshanye ungabi nazihlaselo luphahla, nangona kunjalo, aziyi kuba nakho ukwenza utshintsho olukhethekileyo kwindawo ekhethekileyo, kuba engazange akhulise ukuyilungisa.
Ukomeleza iindawo ezisezantsi ze-rafal
Ukomeleza iskimu esigqwesileyo.
Imigca yophahla lwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo sisengozini enkulu kwinxalenye esezantsi yayo, kulapho ihlala ihlala kwaye ifuna ukomeleza- le yeyona nto iphantsi kwenyawo kunye ne-mauert. Unobangela wobungozi kukuba ikwindawo yomthi kunye nebhombule i-rolly kangangokuba i-concesdate ihlala iyenzeka kwaye ukufuma kwathabathela kwimeko yophahla. Esinye isizathu kukusetyenziswa kweenkuni ezisemgangathweni, ezazingabalulekanga okanye zitshiswe ngokuphulwa kwetekhnoloji yetekhnoloji. Konke oku kukhokelela ekusekweni kweenkqubo zokugaya kwimithi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwayo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo ekukhetheni izinto ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uHydro kunye noVaporizoration. Ukungabikho okanye ukusebenza okungafanelekanga kweendlela ezihlaselayo kunokubangela ukuqokelelwa komswakama kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweenkuni.
Ukuphucula isakhelo sophahla kule meko, isetyenziselwa i-sozerle. Ziqhotyoshelwe kwincam engezantsi yomlenze wokuyila kwaye iphumle kwi-marylalat okanye i-lizhalan. Inani leziphoso ezongezelelweyo ezinjalo zixhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ukunikela uzinzo olongezelelekileyo, imihlaba iqhotyoshelwe kancinane phantsi kwe-telt, oko kukuthi, icandelo labo elisezantsi lisasazwa kancinci kumaqela. Kugxilwe kwinkunkuma ukususa ifuthe lokugoba kwisithuba semihlambi kweli candelo.
Inqaku lesihloko: I-mosquito imbile yenza ngokwakho kwii-ruble ezingama-72
Ukomeleza iindawo eziwileyo zenkqubo ye-schropil
Ukomeleza iskimu se-rafmed kunye ne-subroof eyongezelelweyo.
Ukuba isayekele ukukhusela ngokuchasene neziphumo ezibi ezijikeleze iinkuni ezonakeleyo ze-rafter okanye i-mauerlalate yekhaya lakho okanye igaraji yakho. Ukuba sithetha malunga netyala elinye lomonakalo olwenziweyo, unokwenza nge-lining yobisi lomthi. Ziqhotyoshelwe ngezikhonkwane okanye ii-bolts, ngelixa i-learner yazo ingekaphuli eMauert, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okukodwa, ngelixa i-lineng kule ndawo ilunge ngakumbi kwi-mareel ngecingo yentsimbi.
Kodwa ukuba sele malunga nomonakalo omkhulu we-raftity, xa ukungcungcuthekiswa okanye ukubola kufumaniswe kwimali ezininzi, kuyimfuneko ukufaka inkqubo ekhethekileyo ye-Prostheses. Ezi ndawo zenziwa kwiintonga zentsimbi kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kwicandelo elingasebenziyo lesakhiwo, ngelixa icandelo elizisulungekileyo lisusiwe. Kule phulo, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa i-rafter ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo zexeshana kwaye zisuse icandelo elonakalisiweyo (koku kufuneka ubeke indawo yophahla). Emva koko kuya kufuneka usike ubukhulu obufanayo we-Prosphesis ukusuka kumthi omnye kwaye uyifake endaweni yendawo ekwanti, ezantsi kwenxalenye yayo kufuneka ikhutshwe kwiMauerlate. Imivalo ye-Prosthesis yensimbi ibonelela ngokuyila koyilo lonke.
Ukuba ukomeleza ukutshintshwa kokutshintshwa kungekho nyawo lwentambo, kwaye iMauerlat, kuya kufuneka ukwenzela lo mfazi ulandelayo:
- Ilungiselelwe ziindawo zokugcina okwethutyana zesakhelo sesakhelo sophahla;
- Icandelo lokuqhuba kweMaerlat liyasikwa kwaye lisuswe;
- I-scutches zensimbi iqhutywa kwi-Masonry, ebikelwe kukukhwela icandelo elifunayo, ubude obungenani ubuncinci kwimitha enye;
- Ukuya kwi-overlap, isiqwenga se-chunk senzelwe isibane ngokulingana noBrus;
- Emva koko ubuso bomtya bumiselwe kumacala omabini yipinki, esekwe kwi-Beam.
Eminye iTips
Sebenza ekomelezeni i-rafter yalo naluphi na uphahla lubanzi lomsebenzi, olubandakanya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ukulungisa ukungakhathali kunye nentshabalalo ye-Wood.
Iindawo ezikhulayo zenkqubo yenkqubo yeRAFT.
Inqaku lesihloko: I-Prech yendlu yabucala - iifoto ezili-100 zoyilo olukhethekileyo. Khetha Ukwenza Buhle!
Iingxaki zihlala zivakaliswa nge-curvature kunye nokuqulunqa imingxunya kwimivalo nakwiibhodi zeeralters kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngomthi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ziyafuneka kwaye ziyimfuneko ukulungisa umthambo wenkqubo.
Kwimeko yokugqibela, kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kunxibelelwano oluphambili. Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuba iirawters zilungisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye i-kink yophahla lwakho, iingxaki zihlala zikhona ngenkathalo engonelanga xa kufakwa.
Xa ulungisa iziphene, kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ezona zinto zininzi ze-munsed kunye ne-skite bar, oku kunokunceda ukusetyenziswa kwejack ekhethekileyo. Ukuyomeleza umgangatho ophezulu wale mida, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo. Le ndawo iqhotyoshelwe kusetyenziswa i-ters ekhethekileyo yentsimbi enemingxunya eqhotyoshelweyo, okanye imingxunya eyahlukeneyo yebhodi, okanye yokutyala iirafti kwi-bolting yentsimbi. Kwindlela nganye nganye, iindlela ezininzi zinokwahlula-hlulwa, umzekelo, iilinengs zomthi zingaqhotyoshelwa apha ngasentla nangaphantsi kwebhayithi ye-skite, zininzi iipleyiti zentsimbi zokulungiswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokungena.
Kukho iimfihlo ezithile kwaye xa ulungisa ukungangqinelani kwe-rafter. Ukwenza oku, iindawo zokhuni zomthi okhethekileyo zikhuselekile ngaphakathi kwemiqadi, emva koko i-rafter ifakwe kuncedo lwe-jack, kwaye i-curts ehlala phakathi kwabo. Inkqubo enjalo iya kunceda ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwangaphandle eluphahleni kunye nobuqhetseba kwaye bayeke ukungcungcutheka kwelokugqibela.
Xa ukomeleza imilenze, iirafters ngokwakha kwebhagi yebar kufuneka ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo iiparameter. Ububanzi, kufanele ukuba bulingane noRafter okanye ababanzi abancinci. Ukuphelisa ukunyusa, amaplanga aqiniswe ngabazimeleyo ukuya kwi-rafter beam, kwaye emva koko benze kwimingxunya kuyo yonke into, emva koko kuyilo lonke lubekwe kwi-bolts ekhethekileyo okanye i-studs.
Le mingxunya ilunge ngakumbi ehlelwe kwi-odolo ye-checker, enyusa ukumelana nokuchasana noyilo lomthwalo ngexesha lokugcina. Ububanzi be-Drill kunye ne-studs ekhawulezayo kufuneka zilingane. Izilongile zenziwa ngamaqhosha entsimbi ukuze zitshixe kwaye zihempe. Oluyilo alukho lula ukufaka, kodwa luthembekile ukusebenza. Ayiphumi kwaye iya kuhlala injengeenkuni.