Ukuntywila kwendawo yenze ngokwakho kwimihlaba yodongwe: Ukusuka kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, indlela yokwenza

Izikhukula zendawo enomhlaba kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba zinokuba yintlekele yokwenene yomnini wayo. I-sediments iyakwazi nokufaka igalelo kukwaphula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba. Kubi kakhulu kubanini bomhlaba, kubandakanya ubutshinga okanye i-loam, kuba udongwe luvalela ngamandla amanzi, kunzima ukuyidlulisela ngokwayo. Kwezi meko, ukuhlangula kuphela kunokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ngomhlaba onjalo, unempawu zalo. Ke ngoko, qwalasela indlela yokwenza i-sayitha yendawo ngezandla zakho kwimihlaba yodongwe.

Iimpawu ze-clots zodongwe

Izityalo zinengxaki yokuphindaphindeka kwakhona komswakama kwasekuqaleni. Iingcambu zazo azifumaneki ngexabiso leoksijini eyimfuneko kuphuhliso. Isiphumo sijika sibe yinto enqabileyo - izityalo ziza kuqala, emva koko ziyanyamalala konke konke. Ngapha koko, oku kukwasebenza nakwizityalo zenkcubeko, kunye ne-langi hers. Kwanakwimeko apho udongwe oluvela phezulu lugqunywe ngumaleko womhlaba ochumileyo, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuya kuba nzima.

Kukwabalulekile ekuthuthuzeleni umsebenzi kule ndawo, kuba ngokungabikho komngxunya, nokuba imvula encinci iyakwazi ukuguqula umhlaba wodongwe kwi-Swamp. Akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenze kwilizwe elinje ngeentsuku ezininzi.

Xa amanzi engashiyi ixesha elide, umngcipheko wokuzikhuphela isiseko nesiseko ngexesha lokubanda kubanda. Nokuba ukungcungcutheka kwamanzi akunakukwazi ukukhusela isiseko sentshabalalo, kuba yona itshatyalalisiwe ngumswakama oqaqambileyo.

IINGXAKI ZOBOMI WENKQUBO YENKQUBO KWI-DATE

Sigqiba: I-Prainage yeyelenqe kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba yimfuneko. Kwaye ukuba ayikagqitywa, ke akufuneki uhlehlise ulwakhiwo lwayo.

Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yentshukumo

Ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo lwenkqubo yokuntywila, uhlalutyo lwendawo yakho kufuneka luhlaziywe.

Ingqwalaselo itsalelwa la manqaku alandelayo:

• Ubume bomhlaba. Kwimeko yethu, udoli uqwalaselwe, ongakwaziyo ukuwela amanzi ngokukhawuleza;
• Umthombo wokufuma okuphezulu. Ingahlala rhoqo okanye amanzi ophantsi komhlaba kufutshane nomphezulu;
• Uhlobo lwemithanga ikhethiweyo okanye iintlobo ezininzi zidityanisiwe;
• Isicwangciso sendawo yokugcina imingxunya yemithi, ukuhlaziywa kunye ne-quels yokufumana izinto. Isicwangciso sibonisa ubunzulu bokufumana i-drain, ubungakanani bayo yonke into yenkqubo, i-slope yabo ihambelana nomphezulu womhlaba. Isicwangciso siya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ngokukhawuleza ukuba yonke into yenkqubo.

Inqaku lesihloko: "Ukubhabha" kwebhedi yenze ngokwakho

Ubume bezinto zenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwendawo

Emva koqeqesho olunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhambisa amanzi kuqhutywa ngezandla zabo kumhlaba wodongwe. Cinga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi olwenzekayo, kwaye yeyiphi eyona ilungele indawo yodongwe.

Iindidi zeenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi

I-Drainage kwindawo ye-Clay inokuba yi-overficial, inzulu okanye igciniwe. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyacetyiswa ukudibanisa ezinye zezi ntlobo ukuze kufezekiswe eyona nto ibalulekileyo.

I-sub

Ukuba indawo inayo ubuncinci i-bias encinci yendalo, idala izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo zokuntywila komhlaba. Amanzi ahamba ngokwawo kwiindlela ezigcinwe kwindawo egciniweyo kwindawo. Ezi jeneli zikwindawo yomhlaba, zibanzulu kancinci emhlabeni. Ukuntywila komphezulu wendawo kunodongwe kunokubekwa phantse nayiphi na indawo: Kumkhondo, ukujikeleza umjikelezo weendawo zokuzonwabisa nakwezinye iindawo.

Umzekelo wesixhobo se-sub yentsundu kwi-trays

Amanzi ahamba ngekhonkrithi okanye i-grooves yeplastiki ahlanganisene kwimithombo yophulelo, ukusuka apho isetyenziselwa khona injongo okanye ukuseta indawo kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.

I-Drainage enzulu

Xa kufuneka isuse izixa zamanzi ezibalulekileyo emhlabeni, ukubola amanzi okunzulu kwimihlaba yodongwe. Le yinkqubo yokuphakama engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemibhobho ebekwe kuzo, apho amanzi ahamba kwaye aqokelela kwiqula. Inkqubo yenye okanye ngaphezulu yezitokhwe (ezisisiseko) zeendlela ezinobunzulu obumalunga ne-1,2 m nobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-50 cm ngemibhobho ye-syonage ibekwe kuyo. Indlela yeendlela eziphambili kukuyiqokelela umqokeleli. Ezi ndlela zisetwa ngokutsha kwamanzi ukusuka kwiindlela ezingabalulekanga eziqokelela amanzi kuyo yonke indawo. Banobunzulu nobubanzi obukhulu. Inani leendlela ezongezelelweyo kufuneka ligutyungelwe ziindawo ezinesona sibanzi samanzi.

Isixhobo sokuntywila okunzulu

Icebiso: Udongwe olungaphezulu lufumaneka emhlabeni, ngakumbi inani lemigca yokutya kuya kufuneka ipeyiswe.

Umgama phakathi kweedrakhi kuhlobo lomhlaba olunje lukhuni lweemitha ezili-11.

Umgama ocetyiswayo phakathi kwemibhobho yomiselo ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nomsindo

Iplastiki

Olu luhlobo lweendidi zenkqubo enzulu, kuba zonke izinto zokwenza amanzi zisengozini enkulu. I-cloinage yeplastiki isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kufuneka isuse amanzi ngokungena kwisiseko. Ukuvalwa kweplastiki Phantsi kwesiseko ngokwawo, sine-inter iphantsi kwendawo esezantsi kwesiseko . Inkqubo iqulathe umaleko wenkunkuma, amanzi angena kuwo umbhobho wokuntywila ojikeleze i-perimeter. Ubungakanani benkqubo yokugcina indawo ihlala idlula kwisakhiwo sesakhiwo.

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Umzobo wesixhobo seplastiki

Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo

Sidwelisa izixhobo ezinokufuneka ukuze ziphume kwi-drainage ngodongwe:

1. Iifosholo zokumba.
2. Inqanaba lokwakha ukwenza ithambeka kwimingxunya.
3. I-Wheelbarrow yendawo ebiyelweyo kunye nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwamantshontsho.
4. Isixhobo sokusika kunye nokuntywila kwimibhobho yeplastiki.
5. Intambo yokumakisha.

Umsebenzi, izinto ezinjalo ziya kufuneka:

1. I-geotextle ifune ukucoca amanzi angena kwinkqubo yokuqhutywa kwenkqubo.
2. Ilitye elityumkileyo kunye nentlabathi yokudala imiqamelo kunye nokutshiza.
3. Iindlela ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi okanye ngeplastiki yokuqhutywa komhlaba, abafuna imvula, ii-shydyths, kunye nesamente.
4. Iityhubhu zeplasitiki ezinesidima zine-diameter 100-10 mm yokwakha i-drionage enzulu.
5. Ukudibanisa izinto zomsebenzi wemibhobho.
6. Ilungele imithombo yomhlaba okanye izinto zendibano yabo.

Isixhobo sokuntywila

Qwalasela indlela yokwenza iqhekeza lomhlaba wodongwe lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

I-sub

Isixhobo esilula sinohlobo oluvulekileyo lokuhamba kwe-drainage:

1. Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso esikhoyo, imingxunya engekhoyo iguquka, eya kuthi ihambe ngokupheleleyo. Ithambeka lemithi emalunga ne-waterborwe iqatshelwe. Ukuba unethamsanqa, kwaye icebo linobuqhetseba kwendalo, ubunzulu be-trednsed bunokufana. Ubunzulu bokutsala bufike kwi-80 cm, nobubanzi babo buyi-40 cm.
2. Umqamelo wentlabathi usenziwa kwimingxunya, ngaphezulu kwalo ungqameko lweruble ulele. Ukusukela kwisixhobo esinemichitha kumhlaba wodongwe sivulekile, ilitye elityumkileyo liza kulala esiya kwinqanaba lomhlaba okanye indawo yokubeka ngaphezulu kwe-trin samber sishiywe. Kule fomu, inkqubo iyasebenza.

Icebiso: Ukunika amajelo avulekileyo ubuhle obukhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubagubungele ngaphezulu kwamatye, amatyana, ukuhombisa ngezinye iindlela. Kuzo unokwenza umjelo owomileyo ngokubeka iintyatyambo ze-perennial ecaleni kwemiphetho yamajelo.

Ukuntywila kohlobo lwetreyi kwenziwa njenge:

Ukufakwa kweetreyitha zeplastiki zeplastiki

1. Imingxunya ye-verit, njengakwinguqulo yangaphambili, kodwa ayinzulu.
2. Isisombululo sekhonkrithi sithululwa kwi-subble ungqimba, efakwe ngokukhawuleza ngeplastiki okanye ikhonkrithi. Ikhonkrithi ilungisa imingxunya, engavumeli ukuba iindonga zomhlaba ziwa. Ngokufanayo, i-shclosslets ifakiwe (ihlala isekupheleni komgca wetreyi) kunye nabafuna imvula (phantsi kwemibhobho yokuhambisa).
3. I-gutter ivaliwe kunye nee-hitices zokukhusela.

Iskimu se-stainage gloinage gutters enesanti-trap

I-Drainage enzulu

Le yinkqubo engcono yokutya, ukwenziwa kwayo kuya kufuna ixesha elininzi namandla.

1. Umqokeleli ufake i-Wepice kwindawo evaliweyo.
2. Imingxunya ephambili kunye ne-auxilicy malunga ne-50 cm ububanzi butshintshiwe. Ubunzulu bobunzulu kuma-120 cm kwiziteshi eziphambili kunye ne-100 cm kwiindlela ezongeziweyo. Imigca ephambili kufuneka ifikelele kumlondolozi. Ithambeka lemingxunya elincediswayo linikezelwa yi-5 cm ngemitha yobude babo.
3. Ezantsi kweedreyini zentsimbi, umqamelo wesanti ugutyungelwe kwaye iitekintiwe zifakwe ngaphandle, imiphetho yazo esongelwe kwiindonga ze-trenche.
4. Ukusuka phezulu GeotexTile, isityubulwe ubungqingqwa obuyi-20 cm sibethwe.

   

   Ukulungiswa kwemingxunya yokutsala

5. Imibhobho epeyintiweyo epeyintiweyo yokungqinisisa i-slope.
6. Imibhobho phakathi kwayo ivunyelwe isebenzisa i-fetal okanye inxibelelanise.
7. Kwiindawo zokujika kwemipilo, kunye ne-25 m kwimimandla ethe ngqo, amaphiko aphicotho-zincwadi anyuka. Inokuba yi-chunks yombhobho wobubanzi obukhulu okanye iimveliso ezenziwe ngokukodwa. Ukuphakama kwabo kufanele ukuba kube njalo kangangokuba baphakame ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomhlaba. Ngala maqula aya kulawulwa ngobunyulu bemibhobho, kunye nokucoca kwabo amaxesha ngamaxesha.

   

   Ukuvavanywa kwe-crainage kakuhle

8. Phezulu kwimibhobho kwakhona ilala ilitye elityumkileyo. Kufuneka igubungele ngokupheleleyo imibhobho.
9. I-Geotextlet Songa ukuze iqhekeze, kunye nemibhobho, yayikwiCocoon yayo. Isihluzo somsebenzi onikiweyo.
10. Indawo eseleyo ekuthini ilala ilala ngentlabathi.
11. Icala lokugqibela ngumhlaba, olubandakanya imingxunya ukuya kwinqanaba lomhlaba.

    

    I-Prainage Pipe Ey Schemes emseleni

Iplastiki

Ezi ntlobo zeentshukumo zenziwe zada zadalwa ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwesiseko. Umhlaba uqhekelwe ngaphantsi kwendawo yayo ubuncinci i-20 cm. Umhlaba womhlaba nawo ubekwe kwindawo ebanzi yesiseko. Ezantsi komgodi, umaleko weRubble 20 cm ulele, kwaye imibhobho yokwayala ibekwe kwi-perimeter. Wonke umswakama ungene phantsi kwesiseko siqokelelwa kwimibhobho, ukusuka apho kukhutshwa khona kwimibhobho egudileyo eyahlukeneyo.

Icebiso: Ubunzulu bokufumana indawo yokugcina indawo kufuneka budlule kubunzulu bomhlaba wodongwe. Kule meko, umsele uya kuba nempumelelo ngokufanelekileyo.

Olu hlobo lomjelo olunobunzima kakhulu, ke ngoko isetyenziswa kancinci, nangona iluncedo kumhlaba wodongwe.

Ukukhathalela inkqubo ye-Squarinage quali kuphela ekucoceni nasekumpoxekeni kwamanzi kumqokeleli okuthile kakuhle. Ukuba yonke into yenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngelo xesha akukho lodolo kwi-ploccen incle ide kwaye itshabalalise izityalo ezikhulelweyo.

Inqaku lesihloko: I-Brick ilele ngezandla zakho