Ukuba ngaphambili xa kufakwa umthwalo wamanzi, ukuntywila, kunye nentsimbi okanye imibhobho yentsimbi ihlala isetyenziswa xa iqhuba igesi. Iindlela ezizezinye hayi. Namhlanje, iimveliso ezivela kwi-polymers ziya zisetyenziswa, kwaye, ngokukodwa, imibhobho ye-polyeyene. Bayawasanda ngakumbi i-alogs yentsimbi evela emarikeni, kwaye konke ukubulela ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukulula ngokujikeleza, kuyasebenza. I-Polari Pe Pipe yongeza ukulula kofakelo-kukho izinto ezifundwayo ezifakwe ngesandla. Kulula kakhulu, umzekelo, ngesixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi okanye inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela kweli lizwe.
Imibhobho yamanzi e-Polythylene ihamba ngokulula, iphuculwe ngokulula, phantse ayifuni kulondolozo
Iipropathi, isidima, izinto ezingalunganga
Imibhobho yePolythylene isetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ezahlukeneyo zamanzi kunye negesi. Kwincwadi onokuthi uhlangabezane nesigama esifinyelweyo: Kwinguqulelo yaseRussia yi-PE, kwi-Pelional-Pe okanye i-PE-X ye-Polythylene.
Banepropathi ebalaseleyo:
- Isixhobo singathathi hla sokomatisi, asisabeli nokuba ne-hydrochloric acid. Enkosi apho isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemveliso.
- Izinto ezingezizo, azikho nezinto ezahlukileyo, azichaphazeli incasa yolwelo oluthuthwayo. Oku kubavumela ukuba basetyenziswe xa kusenziwa imibhobho yolwelo oluhanjiswayo, olunokutyiwa.
- Iindonga zangaphakathi zemibhobho yePolythylene zigudileyo, akukho zinto zilibazisekileyo kubo. Nokuba emva kweminyaka emininzi, akuyi kubakho zifakisi kubo.
Imibhobho yePolythylene inokuba yidayimitha eyahlukileyo, kunye nobunzima obahlukileyo
- Iindonga ezigudileyo zinokuhlala phantsi kwamanzi. Ukuchasana okuncinci-Impompo encinci yokumpompa iyafuneka, ichibini elincinci lichithwe.
- Ubomi benkonzo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza - malunga neminyaka engama-50. Kodwa eli nani libukhali lincipha ngokukhulisa ubushushu okanye uxinzelelo.
- Sika ngokulula, ubunzima, bukhululekile kumiselo.
- Sukukwenza imisinga, musa ukucamngca.
- I-Polythylene Tubes ene-diameter ye-160 mm ingaqhagamshelwa usebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Bafakwe nje ngaphandle kokuba kungekho zixhobo, zilungele "iimeko zentsimi", umzekelo, elizweni. I-Diameter enkulu yenziwe i-wademed enezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa zihlala zisetyenziswa kumzi-mveliso.
Imibhobho yokucinezelwa kwemibhobho yePolythylene ijijekile kwindawo yoqhagamshelo
- I-Polythylene ayizichithe izandi. Ke le nkqubo yokufowuna okanye yokufudumeza 'cwaka ".
- Ixabiso le-polyethylene pihothyle ifunyenwe ngama-30 ukuya kwengama-40% ngaphantsi kwentsimbi efanayo.
- Sele kunikezelwa amanzi agqityiweyo amanzi okanye inkqubo yokufudumeza kulula ukuyithetha. Kwindawo elungileyo, umbhobho unqunyulwe, kufanelekile ukuba kubekho elinye isebe okanye nasiphi na isixhobo esinokuqhagamshelwa.
Iseti elungileyo yepropathi ikhokelele kwinto yokuba imibhobho yePolythylene iya iyanda. Kodwa ukuze kungabikho nto imangalisayo, kufuneka uyazi iintsilelo zabo. Azininzi kakhulu, kodwa zinzulu kakhulu.
- I-Polythyylene ivutha, kwaye iyahlula izinto eziyingozi ngexesha lokudibana.
- Ukuqina okubuthathaka kwi-ultraviolet. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yelanga, izinto ziya kufela kwaye zibrittle. Kodwa esi sifo asixhomekeki kwimibhobho yePolythylene, yayikutsha nje kwezo zinkokeli zentengiso.
- Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu ngamaxesha ali-10 ngaphezulu kwentsimbi. Ukungakhethi bucala le nto igwenxa, imbuyekezo isetwe.
- Xa i-flezbing fluid kumbhobho, i-Polythylene inokuqhekeka. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa imibhobho yePolythylene yokulungiselela ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi endlwini okanye i-cottage, ibekwe ngaphantsi kobunzulu bokukhulula okanye i-inshurensi ezivela ngasentla, iintambo ezongeziweyo zesifo).
Zonke ezi zonke iimpazamo. Ngoku malunga neentlobo. Ngendlela yemveliso zintathu iindidi zemibhobho yePolithylene:
- uxinzelelo oluphezulu;
- uxinzelelo oluphantsi;
- Ukusuka kwi-Polythylene eboshwe yi-Polythylene (ihlala ibomvu, njengoko kwiimeko ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukubeka iinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye ne-DHS).
I-Polythylene idlulisela ukuthutha kweemeko ezishushu
Kula magama, i-paradox ethile ilele. Xa bethetha ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye olusezantsi lwe-polyethylene imibhobho, bathetha indlela yemveliso yabo. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ibonwa njengendawo yokusetyenziswa. Ngokwenene, ngenye indlela ejikeleze. Imibhobho eveliswe kwingcinezelo ephezulu ayiqinisekanga. Banokusetyenziselwa kuphela iinkqubo ezingezizo zoxinzelelo (ngaphandle kwempompo). Ngenxa yeenkqubo zoncedo lwamanzi, zenziwe, kodwa amandla ezenziwe ngenkcitho yobukhulu becala. Ngobukhulu obuqhelekileyo beendonga, indawo yabo yokusetyenziswa kukuntywila, iinkqubo zokuntywila, iziphuzi, njl. Apha umgangatho wabo ulungile.
Kwimibhobho yoxinzelelo, apho uxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-polythylene lusetyenziswa. Bomelele kodwa, kwangaxeshanye, babuthathaka ngakumbi, betha kakhulu. Oku akulunganga kakhulu. Kodwa bayamelana noxinzelelo olubonakalayo ngaphandle kwengozi. Kwaye kusafuneka nditsho ukuba zombini ezi ntlobo zePolythylene zilungele kuphela amanzi abandayo-azinakulingana ngokushushu, zinokunyibilika.
I-PE-X enqamlezileyo yePolythylene isetyenziswa xa umgangatho ofudumeleyo wamanzi usetyenziswa.
Kodwa udidi lwesithathu lwenziwa nge-polythylene eqingqiweyo - Olu lukhetho ngamandla aphezulu, bhetyebhetye. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 ATM) kunye namaqondo obushushu afike kwi + 95 ° C azibalasele ezo mveliso, oko kukuthi, imibhobho ye-PE-X ingasetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ashushu, kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza. Ngendlela, olu hlobo lwepolymer yenza imibhobho yensimbi yensimbi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho enye "kodwa" - olu hlobo lwezinto azisebenzi. Xa ufaka ipibhoyili kwi-polythylene, i-fittings ngeegesi ziyasetyenziswa. Uhlobo lwesibini lwendibano lugxa, xa amalungu emibuzo edityanisiweyo afakwe i-glue.
Ukumakisha kunye needayimitha
I-Polyethylene Tubes ihlala imnyama okanye iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukusuka kwi-polybethylene eqingqiweyo inokuba nombala obomvu oqaqambileyo. Zipeyinta kakhulu - ukwenza kube lula ukubahlula kwezinye iipolymers. Imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inokusetyenziswa eludongeni eludongeni, ukuba yenzelwe amanzi abandayo, tyheli, ukuba isetyenziselwa umbhobho wegesi. Ifom yokukhutshwa ikwi-bays enemitha engama-20 ukuya kwi-50 yeemitha (ihlala ikwiidayimitha ezincinci) kunye nesithuba semitha ezili-12 (okanye ubude obufunayo).
Umzekelo woChobho lobuGcisa kwi-PE
Iidayimitha zemibhobho yePolythylene ziyahluka kuluhlu olubanzi-ukusuka kwi-20 mm ukuya kwi-1200 mm. Iimveliso ezincinci zecandelo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 mm) zisetyenziswa ikakhulu imibhobho yamanzi kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza kumakhaya abantu, ukuya kumagumbi ali-160 mM) ukuya kufikelela kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi, ukufudumeza kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi amdaka. I-Diameter enkulu yindawo esele isebenze ishishini kunye nemveliso. Kwizakhiwo zabucala kunye namagumbi azisebenzi.
Ukuxinana kwePolithylene
Ukwenza imibhobho yemibhobho, i-Polythylene yeXesha eyahlukeneyo isetyenziswa. Ichaza ukuxinana kwamanani emise emva kwesifinyezo:- I-PE32 - yavela kuqala, inenzuzo esezantsi. Namhlanje, kuba ukuveliswa kwemibhobho ayisetyenziswanga.
- I-PE63 -Unomgama omde phakathi kwemixokelelwane yeemolekyuli, yiyo loo nto ingcinezelo itsiba kakubi, inokuqhekeka. Umda-wiring yangaphakathi kwiinkqubo ezingezizo zoxinzelelo (iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezivela kwi-Barl, ihlazo lasehlotyeni, njl.njl), ngamanye amaxesha zabeka izindlu zabucala ze-wiring inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ngaphakathi kwendlu. Ukusuka kwi-polymer yolu hlobo kunokwenza iinkqubo ze-warler.
- I-PE80-inamandla aphezulu, inokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezibandayo zaManzi ngaphakathi endlwini nangaphandle, kodwa nge-inshusithisi enyanzelekileyo. Ngobunzima obuninzi bodonga, udonga lungasetyenziselwa iinjongo zemizi.
- I-PE100. Okwangoku, imibhobho evela kwizinto ezinjalo yeyona iqinile, kodwa elona nzima. Ungafaka isicelo kuwo naziphi na iindawo ukuhambisa ulwelo kunye neegesi eziphezulu zegesi. Amanqaku awenziwe ngoxinzelelo lwe-Polythylene onqabileyo 100, unokusetyenziswa kwi-wiring yamanzi ashushu kunye nokufudumeza.
Iimpawu zokuthelekisa iimpawu ze-80 kunye ne-100
Yintoni enye enokubangela umdla: Imibhobho yePolythylenene inokomelelwa. Ngokubanzi, baveliswa ngokuphuma - kwindlela ethambileyo, i-suble icekeceke nge-nozzle, emva koko yathunyelwa kwicandelo lezona zinika lona kunye nobukhulu. Kwimveliso yokufumana imibhobho yePalyethylene, imicu ye-calron, i-polystyrene okanye i-polyvinyl chlorinkl (PVC) ikhutshelwe eludongeni. Izixhobo zale nkqubo zinzima kakhulu, ke ngoko ixabiso lokuqiniswa kwemibhobho ye-PE liphezulu kakhulu.
Ububanzi bemibhobho yePolythylene kwaye yintoni i-SDR
Ukumakishwa kwemibhobho yepolymer kukho umahluko omkhulu-ububanzi bangaphandle bubonisiwe. Kodwa ubukhulu bobudonga buguquka kwimida emikhulu, ukuze idayimitha elingaphakathi kufuneka ibalwe-ukusuka ngaphandle ukuba ithathe ubuncwane obumbaxa. Ubungqingqwa bodonga ekumakisweni bumiselwe emva kwendlela yobubanzi bezinto (zihlala zibeka * okanye uphawu "x"). Umzekelo: 160 X 14.6. Oku kuthetha ukuba lo mbhobho unedayinti engaphandle ye-160 mm, ubukhulu bomhlaba yi-14.6 mm. Ungabala ububanzi obungaphakathi kwi-tube yePolithylene: 160 mm - 14.6 mm * 2 = 130.8 mm.
Kusekho kwimakisha kukho i-sdr yesifinyezo kunye neenombolo ezithile. Amanani ngumyinge wobubanzi bangaphandle kubukhulu bomhlaba. Esi salathisi sibonisa amandla ezindongeni kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukumelana noxinzelelo.
Yintoni imibhobho ye-sdr
Incinci iSikhombisi se-SDR, ngakumbi (kodwa inzima) ngumbhobho. Kuyinyani, le iyinyani ngaphakathi kweemveliso zoxinaniso olunye. Umzekelo, i-80 sdr11 ihleli ihleli kune-PE 80 SDR 17.
| Igama lombhobho | Iimpawu | Indawo yesicelo |
|---|---|---|
| I-PE 63 SDR 11 | Ukuxinana okuphezulu, ukunyamezela ubushushu ubushushu | Imibhobho ebandayo yangaphakathi |
| I-PND PE-63 SDR 17.6 | Yiya kwi-185992001 (2003), uxinzelelo lungaphezulu kwe-10 atm | Imibhobho yamanzi angaphakathi enoxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuhamba kwamanzi abandayo |
| I-80 sdr 13.6 | Uxinano luphezulu, kodwa umanyano lwamaqondo ohluko luya kudluliselwa kakubi. | Imibhobho yamanzi yokubonelela ngamanzi abandayo, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela |
| I-PE 80 SDR 17 | Ukuxinana kuyaphezulu, kodwa amaqondo obushushu ahla | Imibhobho yamanzi bobabini kumagumbi nangaphandle, iinkqubo zoxinzelelo lwamanzi |
| I-100 sdr 26 | Ukuxinana okuphezulu, ukukwazi ukuphatha ubushushu umahluko | Nawuphi na umbhobho wokuhambisa ulwelo (amanzi, ubisi, iijusi, njl. Njl.) |
| I-100 sdr 21 | Ukunyuka kobungakanani be-Wall | Nawuphi na umbhobho, kubandakanya igesi |
| I-100 sdr 17 | Ukunyuka kobunzima bodonga, kodwa nobunzima obukhulu | Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziselwa iinjongo eziqinisekileyo |
| I-100 sdr 11 | I-Polythylene ephantsi, amandla aphezulu, ukwanda kokuchasana nemichiza yekhemikhali | Inokusetyenziswa xa ufaka abaqokeleli abathengiswayo, babhangiswe kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba |
Ungqokelela ye-pume kunye noxinzelelo olufanelekileyo
Ipharamitha elandelayo enokuba nomsindo xa ukhetha uthotho. Ichaza unobumba u-S, alandelwa ngamanani. Ibonisa ubuchule beendonga zokuba axhathise uxinzelelo. Nguwo lowo umyinge wolo xinzelelo onokuthi luye kulomeleza (luchazwe kwiimeko zeLebhu) umsebenzi. Inombolo engaphezulu, eyomeleleyo yombhobho.
I-Poipel Preming Pipes zoxinaniso olwahlukileyo nge-SDR eyahlukileyo
Xa uqhelisela, esi siphithiphithi sinokuthathelwa ingqalelo, njengoko kunjalo "labhoratri" ngaphezu kolu hlobo luluncedo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba luxinzelelo oluthile apho iindonga zibaliwe khona. Ezi datha zinikezelwa kwifoto engentla. Ingcinezelo ikwindawo yokuhlangana kweekholamu kunye nemigca, iboniswe kwimozulu. Umzekelo, kumbhobho we-80 SDR 13.6, Uxinzelelo lokusebenza yi-PN10 (10 ATM). Oku kuthetha ukuba xa kutshengisa imithombo yeendaba, iqondo lobushushu alikho ngaphezulu kwe- + 20 ° C kunye noxinzelelo olungabi ngaphezu kwe-10 ATM, ubomi benkonzo yalo mbhobho uneminyaka engama-50.
Imigaqo
Iindwendwe kunye neMigangatho yeShishini zaphuhliswa ukulungiselela ukubekwa emgangathweni kweemveliso. Isikhokelo esimiselweyo ngokubhekisele kolu hlobo lwezixhobo ezivela kudala - sele kwinkulungwane yangoku - emva kwe-2000. Ileyibhile ihlala ibonisa umgangatho onolu hlobo lwemveliso luxanduva. Ngegama le-Gost ligqitywe ngumgangatho wesicelo (ukusuka kumagama eendwendwe), kodwa indlovu engafanelekanga ilula ukuya kubukho bamaqela anombala ofanayo (i-hlaza-ye-tyheli-yegesi) .
Nantsi imigangatho yaseRussia:
- Yiya kwi-185992001 pods pods kwi-polyethylene.
- Yiya kwi-50838-2009 imibhobho yePolythylene yeepayipi zegesi.
- GoST R-2008 UXOLO LWE-R-2008 UQEQESHO LWE-MALDE-IIKHUNYUZO ZEENKCUKACHA ZOKUGQIBELA NOKUKHUSELEKA.
- Gost 32415-2019 Uxinzelelo lwee-thermoplastics kunye neenxalenye zabo zokudibanisa kubo ukuhambisa amanzi kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza. Iimeko zobugcisa ngokubanzi
Iindlela zokuqhagamshela imibhobho yePolythylene
Kukho imigangatho yeUkraine:
- I-DSTU b B.7-151: 2008 "" Imibhobho yePolythylene yokubonelela ngamanzi abandayo "
- I-DSTU B B.5-3222007 "Imibhobho engabhalwanga ePolypropylene, iPolyviny ye-Polyvingl ye-polyvinyl ye-pilorviny ye-pilorviny ye-pilorviny ye-pilorviny ye-pirviny kunye nezakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zokuntywila kwentambo"
- I-DSTU B B.7-733-98 "Imibhobho yePolythylene yokubonelela ngegesi enokutsha"
Ukuba unqwenela, zonke zinokufundwa bonke. Ubukhulu becala, ziitafile apho uluhlu lwemveliso luphela lubonisiwe ukuba lubonakale kwiiparameter.
Umzekelo wokubhala i-payile
Ukumakisha kusetyenziswa kwimibhobho yePolithylene. Imitha isetyenziswa kwimitha nganye okanye ngaphezulu. Eyokuqala ibonisa igama lomvelisi, linokuma ngephulo. Olu phawu alunyanzelekanga, kodwa luphawu oluhle-inkampani ayiboyiki iimpahla zakhe.
Umzekelo wokubhala i-payile
Ilandelwe ngu:
- Ukunyulwa kwemibandela ye-pupe, kule meko - i-PE-Polyylene;
- Ukuxinana kwePolithylene-kumzekelo ka-80;
- Emva koko imibhobho ye-SDR - 11;
- Oku kulandelayo ngumgangatho wangaphandle kunye nobunzima be-bull: 160 mm ping, i-14.6 mm - ubukhulu bomhlaba;
- Kwindawo yokugqibela, phuma okanye i-DSTU, ephendulwe ngolu hlobo lombhobho.
Umbhobho oboniswe kwifoto - kwimibhobho yegesi, igxininiswa kathathu - ngemivimbo etyheli, igesi "ye-Gost" irhasi "ngumgangatho wendlela yemibhobho yegesi iyaveliswa .
Inqaku lesihloko: I-Gallika umgangatho kwigumbi lokuhlambela: i-pebble ephakathi