Iminyaka yakutshanje, ekwakhiweni kwendlu okanye ukulungiswa, ingqalelo enkulu ihlawulelwa ukusebenzela amandla. Ngamaxabiso asele ekhona esele ineepetroli, oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngapha koko, kubonakala ngathi okonga imali kuya kuqhubeka nokufumana ukubaluleka. Ukwenzela ukuba ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo ubume kunye nobunzima bekhekhe kwikhekhe lezakhiwo (iindonga, phantsi, uphahla, uhlaselo) kufuneka ukwazi ukuqhubela kwempahla yokwakha. Olu phawu luboniswe kwiiphakheji ezinezolimo, kwaye lusafuneka kwinqanaba loyilo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kubalulekile ukusombulula izinto ezakha iindonga kunokuba zifudumeze, ukuba ubuncwane bufanele bube ngumaleko ngamnye.
Yintoni ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal kunye nokuxhathisa i-thermal
Xa ukhetha izixhobo zokwakha ngokwakhiwa, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu zezixhobo. Enye yezikhundla eziphambili kukuyinkcula. Iboniswe kukusebenza kwe-thermal. Esi sisixa sobushushu esinokuqhuba enye okanye kwenye into nganye yeli xesha. Oko kukuthi, incinci loo nto ilunge kakhulu, eyona nto imbi yezinto zenza ubushushu. Kunye ne-vice verda, umzobo ophezulu, ubushushu bunikwe ngcono.
Umzobo obonisa umahluko kwimfundiso yezinto zokwakha izixhobo
Izixhobo ngenkqubo yokuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal ephantsi zisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa, kwaye ziphezulu-ukuhambisa okanye ukususa ubushushu. Umzekelo, i-radiators yenziwa nge-aluminium, yobhedu okanye intsimbi, njengoko ishushu kakuhle, oko kukuthi, inobuchule obuphezulu obuphakathi. Ukufakelwa, izixhobo ngenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwe-thermal ephantsi ziyasetyenziswa-zibubushushu obungcono. Ukuba into iqulathe iziqwengana zezinto ezininzi, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal yayo ichazwa njengesixa se-coefficent yonke. Xa ubalwa, ukuqhubela phambili kwekhefu ngalinye "lekhekhe" libaliwe, amaxabiso afunyenweyo ashwankathelwa. Ngokubanzi, sifumana isikhundla sokufakwa kwe-firmal yesakhiwo esifakiweyo (iindonga, isini, phaling).
Ukuqhutywa kwe-shirmal yezinto zokwakha kubonisa ubungakanani bobushushu obuyiphosa kwicandelo ngalinye.
Kukho umxholo onjalo njengokuxhathisa ubushushu. Ibonisa ubuchule bomxholo ukuthintela isicatshulwa kuyo. Oko kukuthi, lixabiso elijijekileyo ngokunxulumene nokuphumeka kwe-hormal. Kwaye ukuba ubona umbandela ngokuthi ngokuchasene nobushushu obuphezulu, inokusetyenziselwa ukufudumala. Umzekelo wezixhobo zokuthambisa i-irmal zinokuba yiminerals okanye uboya obudumileyo, ubuxoki, njl njl. Izixhobo ngokuchasene ne-thermal ophantsi ziyafuneka kwi-Cound okanye iRhafu yobushushu. Umzekelo, i-aluminium okanye i-radiators yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza, njengoko zinikezelwa ngokufudumeleyo.
Itheyibhile yokuphumelela kwe-thermal yezinto zokuthambisa
Ukuze indlu ibe lula ukugcina ubusika ebusika nangobusika ehlotyeni, ukuqhubela kweendonga, umgangatho kunye nophahla kufuneka lube linani elichazwe ngokulinganayo kummandla ngamnye. Ukuqulunqwa kwe "Cake" yeendonga, isini kunye nophahla, ubukhulu bezinto zithathwa kunye ne-akhawunti enjalo ukuze inani lilonke alikho kangako (kwaye linokunconywa kakhulu) kwingingqi yakho.
Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bendlela yokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zezinto zokwakha zanamhlanje zezakhiwo
Xa ukhetha izixhobo kufuneka ziqwalasele ukuba ezinye zazo (ayizizo zonke) kwiimeko zokufuma okuphezulu ziqhutywa ngcono kakhulu. Ukuba kukho imeko enjalo ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide, kubalo, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal kusetyenziselwa le meko. I-Cormal Meffices yokuSebenza kwezinto eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa ibonisiwe kwitafile.
| Igama lezinto | I-Coandes yokuqhutywa kwe-shirmal w / (m · °) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwimeko eyomileyo | Ngomkhulu oqhelekileyo | Ngomdanisi ophezulu | |
| Ndiziva ndiboya | I-0.036-0.041 | I-0.038-0.044 | I-0.044-0.050 |
| Amatye amatye eminemi-25-50 kg / m3 | I-0.036 | 0.042. | 0 , 045 |
| Amatye ngamatye amatye angama-40-60 kg / m3 | I-0.035 | I-0.041 | I-0.044 |
| Amatye ngamatye amatye aqholiweyo 80-125 kg / m3 | I-0.036 | 0.042. | I-0.045 |
| Amatye amatye eminemili oboya i-140-175 kg / m3 | 0.037 | 0,043. | 0,0456. |
| Amatye ngamatye oboya nge-180 kg / m3 | I-0.038 | I-0.045 | 0,048. |
| I-Gladwater 15 kg / m3 | 0,046. | I-0.049. | I-0.055 |
| Amanzi eglasi 17 kg / m3 | I-0.044 | 0.047. | 0,053 |
| Amanzi eglasi angama-20 kg / m3 | I-0.04. | 0,043. | 0,048. |
| Amanzi eglasi angama-30 kg / m3 | I-0.04. | 0.042. | 0,046. |
| Amanzi eglasi angama-35 kg / m3 | 0.039 | I-0.041 | 0,046. |
| Amanzi eglasi angama-45 kg / m3 | 0.039 | I-0.041 | I-0.045 |
| I-Glaswater 60 kg / m3 | I-0.038 | I-0,040. | I-0.045 |
| I-Glaswater 75 kg / m3 | I-0.04. | 0.042. | 0.047. |
| Amanzi eglasi 85 kg / m3 | I-0.044 | 0,046. | 0,050 |
| I-Polystrene Fom (i-foam, i-PPS) | I-0.036-0.041 | I-0.038-0.044 | I-0.044-0.050 |
| I-Polystrene ekhutshiwe i-polystrene ye-polystyrene (i-epps, xps) | 0,029 | I-0.030 | 0.031 |
| I-Foam ikhonkrithi, isisombululo sekhonkrithi, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.14. | I-0.22. | I-0.26. |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, ikhonkrithi e-Aeedred kwi-Creating Creation, i-400 kg / m3 | I-0.11 | I-0.14. | I-0.15 |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, ikhonkrithi ye-AED kwisisombululo se-lime, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.15 | I-0.28. | 0.34. |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, ikhonkrithi ye-AED kwisisombululo seLime, i-400 kg / m3 | I-0.13. | I-0.22. | I-0.28. |
| Iglasi yeglasi, i-crmb, 100 - i-1000 kg / m3 | I-0.043-0.06 | ||
| Iglasi yeglasi, i-crumb, i-151-200 kg / m3 | I-0.06-0.063 | ||
| I-Foamwalk, usana, 201 ukuya kwi-250 kg / m3 | I-0.066-0.073 | ||
| Iglasi yeglasi, i-crmb, 251 - 400 kg / m3 | I-0.085-0.1 | ||
| I-FOAM ibhlokhi i-100 ukuya kwi-120 kg / m3 | I-0.043-0.045 | ||
| Ibhloko ye-foam i-121-170 kg / m3 | I-0.05-0.062 | ||
| Ibhloko ye-foam 171 - 220 kg / m3 | I-0.057-0.063 | ||
| Ibhloko ye-foam 221 - 270 kg / m3 | 0.073 | ||
| I-ekata. | I-0.037-0.042 | ||
| I-Polyurethane Foolder (PPU) 40 kg / m3 | 0,029 | 0.031 | I-0.05 |
| I-Polyurethane Fom (PPU) 60 kg / m3 | I-0.035 | I-0.036 | I-0.041 |
| Polyurrethane Foolder (PPU) 80 kg / m3 | I-0.041 | 0.042. | I-0.04. |
| I-Polyenenetunene | 0.031-0.038 | ||
| Vacuum | |||
| Umoya + 27 ° C. I-1 ATM | 0,026. | ||
| I-Xenon | 0.0057 | ||
| Argon | I-0.0177 | ||
| I-Aergel (Aspen Aerogels) | 0,014-0.021 | ||
| Shagkovat | I-0.05 | ||
| Ivermikulitis | I-0.064-0.074 | ||
| Ityebe | 0.033 | ||
| Iimakhishithi ze-COK 220 kg / m3 | I-0.035 | ||
| Iimakhishithi ze-COK 260 kg / m3 | I-0.05 | ||
| I-Bassalt mats, i-canvas | I-0.03-0.04 | ||
| Tow | I-0.05 | ||
| I-Perlite, i-200 kg / m3 | I-0.05 | ||
| I-Perlite ibaleka, i-100 kg / m3 | I-0.06. | ||
| Iipleyiti zelineni yelineni, i-250 kg / m3 | I-0.054. | ||
| I-Polystrevveton, i-150-500 kg / m3 | I-0.052-0.145 | ||
| I-tube ekhutshiwe, i-45 kg / m3 | I-0.038 | ||
| Iplagi yeminerali kwisiseko se-titumen, i-270-350 kg / m3 | I-0.076-0.096 | ||
| I-cork ye-cork yomgangatho, i-540 kg / m3 | 0,078. | ||
| I-cork yezobugcisa, i-50 kg / m3 | 0.037 |
Inqaku lesihloko: I-Swan inqamleza iipatheni: Isibini seSwan simahla, ukunyaniseka emnyama kwichibi, intombazana kunye neeseti, iprinta
Inxalenye yolwazi ithathelwa yimigangatho echaza iimpawu zezixhobo ezithile (i-snip 23-02-2003, sp 50.1333330.29, i-snip II-3-79 * (isiHlomelo 2)). Ezo zixhobo ezingachazwanga kwimigangatho ifumaneka kwiindawo abavelisi. Kuba akukho migangatho, abavelisi abahlukeneyo banokwahluka kakhulu, kuba xa uthenga, nikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu zezinto nganye ezithengiweyo.
Itheyibhile yokuqhubela phambili kwezakhiwo zokwakha
Iindonga, ngaphezulu, phantsi, zinokwenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwathi kwathi loo nto iqhubeka nokuphumelela kwe-thermal yezinto zokwakha izinto kuhlala kuthelekiswa ne-Brick Masonry. Ndiyazi ukuba le nto yonke into ilula ukuqhubana naye. Ezona nqumaphu zidumileyo apho umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyaboniswa ngokucacileyo. Omnye umfanekiso onjalo kwisiqendu esidlulileyo, owesibini utlengile kodonga lwezitena kunye nodonga lweelogo - uboniswe ngezantsi. Yiyo loo nto ngenxa yeendonga zezitena kunye nezinye izinto ezinomkhwa wokuphumelela okuphezulu, izixhobo zokufakelwa nge-irmal zinyulwe. Ukwenza kube lula ukukhetha, ukuqhubela kwe-shirmal yezinto eziphambili zokwakha kuncitshiswa kwitafile.
Thelekisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo
| Isihloko seSihloko, Ukuxinana | Ukusebenza kweMpazamo | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwimeko eyomileyo | Ngomkhulu oqhelekileyo | Ngomdanisi ophezulu | |
| I-CPR (isisombululo sesanti sesanti) | I-0.58. | I-0.76 | I-0.93 |
| Isisombululo se-Lime-sandy | 0.47 | I-0,7. | I-0.81 |
| Plaster Plaster | I-0.25 ..55. | ||
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, ikhonkrithi ye-AED kwi-CETEE, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.14. | I-0.22. | I-0.26. |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, ikhonkrithi ye-AED kwi-CETHE, i-800 kg / m3 | I-0.21 | I-0.33 | I-0.37 |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, ikhonkrithi ye-AED kwiCemetime, i-1000 kg / m3 | I-0.29. | I-0.38. | I-0.43 |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, i-Amateur Aedres, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.15 | I-0.28. | 0.34. |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, iAmateur Aedres, i-800 kg / m3 | I-0.23. | I-0.39 | I-0.45 |
| Ikhonkrithi yaseFoam, i-Amateur Aedre i-Aemored, i-1000 kg / m3 | 0.31 | I-0.48. | 0.55 |
| Iglasi yefestile | I-0.76 | ||
| I-Arboline | I-0.07-0.17 | ||
| Ikhonkrithi nge-rubble yendalo, i-2400 kg / m3 | I-1,51 | ||
| Ikhonkrithi ePhaphyMeight ene-pimes yendalo, i-500-1200 kg / m3 | I-0.15-0.44 | ||
| Ikhonkrithi kumanzi amdaka, i-1200-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.35-0.58 | ||
| Ikhonkrithi kwi-boiler Slag, i-1400 kg / m3 | I-0.56. | ||
| Ikhonkrithi kwi-crugbish yelitye, ezingama-2200-2500 kg / m3 | I-0.9-1.5 | ||
| Ikhonkrithi kwi-Fuel Slag, i-1000-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.3-0.7 | ||
| Ibhloko ye-ceramic ikhethwe | 0,2 | ||
| I-Vermiclitobeton, i-300-800 kg / m3 | I-0.08-0.21 | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, 500 kg / m3 | I-0.14. | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.16. | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-800 kg / m3 | I-0.21 | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-1000 kg / m3 | I-0.27 ..27. | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-1200 kg / m3 | 0.36. | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-1400 kg / m3 | 0.47 | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-1600 kg / m3 | I-0.58. | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-0,66 | ||
| Isitena se-ceramic esipheleleyo sexesha elipheleleyo kwi-CPR | I-0.56. | I-0,7. | I-0.81 |
| I-Masonry ukusuka kwisitephu se-ceramic se-ceramic kwi-CPR, i-1000 kg / m3) | I-0.35 | 0.47 | I-0.52. |
| I-Masonry ukusuka kwisitena se-ceramic se-ceramic kwi-CPR, i-1300 kg / m3) | 0.41 | I-0.52. | I-0.58. |
| I-Masonry ukusuka kwisitephu se-ceramic se-ceramic kwi-CPR, i-1400 kg / m3) | 0.47 | I-0.58. | I-0.64 |
| I-Masonry ukusuka kwisitephu esigcweleyo esipheleleyo kwi-CPR, i-1000 kg / m3) | I-0,7. | I-0.76 | I-0.87 |
| I-Masonry ukusuka kwisitephu se-lall esinqeni kwi-CPR, i-11 i-voids | I-0.64 | I-0,7. | I-0.81 |
| I-Masonry ukusuka kwisitephu se-lall esinqeni kwi-CPR, i-14 Viids | I-0.52. | I-0.64 | I-0.76 |
| I-Limestone 1400 kg / m3 | 0.49 | I-0.56. | I-0.58. |
| I-Limestone 1 + 600 kg / m3 | I-0.58. | 0.73 | I-0.81 |
| ILimetotone 1800 kg / m3 | I-0,7. | I-0.93 | 1.05 |
| ILimestone 2000 kg / m3 | I-0.93 | I-1,16 | 1.28. |
| Isanti yokwakha, i-1600 kg / m3 | I-0.35 | ||
| Granite | I-3,49. | ||
| Marble | I-2,91 | ||
| I-Ceramzit, greweli, i-250 kg / m3 | I-0.1. | I-0.11 | I-0.12. |
| I-Ceramzit, igravel, i-300 kg / m3 | I-0.108. | I-0.12. | I-0.13. |
| I-Ceramnzit, green, i-350 kg / m3 | I-0.115-0.12 | I-0.125 | I-0.14. |
| I-Ceramzit, igravel, i-400 kg / m3 | I-0.12. | I-0.13. | I-0.145 |
| I-Ceramzit, igravel, i-450 kg / m3 | I-0.13. | I-0.14. | I-0.155 |
| I-Ceramzit, green, 500 kg / m3 | I-0.14. | I-0.15 | I-0.165 |
| I-Ceramzit, igravel, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.14. | I-0.17 | I-0.19. |
| I-Ceramzit, igravel, i-800 kg / m3 | I-0.18. | ||
| Iipleyiti ze-gypsim, i-1100 kg / m3 | I-0.35 | 0.50 | I-0.56. |
| Iipleyiti ze-gypsim, i-1350 kg / m3 | I-0.23. | I-0.35 | 0.41 |
| Udongwe, 1600-2900 kg / m3 | 0.7-0.9 | ||
| I-Clay Recrectory, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-1,4. | ||
| I-Ceramzit, 200-800 kg / m3 | I-0.1-0,18 | ||
| I-Ceramzitotot ye-quartz i-picz kunye ne-Piction, i-800-1200 kg / m3 | I-0.23-0.41 | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton, 500-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.16-0,66. | ||
| I-Ceramzitobeton kwi-prelite isanti, i-800-1000 kg / m3 | I-0.22-0.28 | ||
| ICrick Chrider, i-1800-2000 kg / m3 | I-0.8-0.16 | ||
| I-ceramic ejongene nesitena, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.93 | ||
| Ukubeka i-Fiked ebi-wible ephakathi, 2000 kg / m3 | 1.35 | ||
| Amaphepha e-Plasterboard, i-800 kg / m3 | I-0.15 | I-0.19. | I-0.21 |
| Amaphepha e-Plasterboard, i-1050 kg / m3 | I-0.15 | 0.34. | 0.36. |
| I-Plywood Golded | I-0.12. | I-0.15 | I-0.18. |
| I-DVP, i-chipboard, 200 kg / m3 | I-0.06. | I-0.07 | I-0.08. |
| I-DVP, i-chipboard, i-400 kg / m3 | I-0.08. | I-0.11 | I-0.13. |
| I-DVP, i-chipboard, i-600 kg / m3 | I-0.11 | I-0.13. | I-0.16. |
| I-DVP, i-chipboard, i-800 kg / m3 | I-0.13. | I-0.19. | I-0.23. |
| I-DVP, i-chipboard, i-1000 kg / m3 | I-0.15 | I-0.23. | I-0.29. |
| I-Linoleum pvc kwisakhiwo esishushu, i-1600 kg / m3 | I-0.33 | ||
| I-Linoleum pvc kubushushu obushushu, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.38. | ||
| I-Linoleum pvc kwisiseko sezicubu, i-1400 kg / m3 | 0,2 | I-0.29. | I-0.29. |
| I-Linoleum pvc kwisiseko samachiza, i-1600 kg / m3 | I-0.29. | I-0.35 | I-0.35 |
| I-Linoleum pvc kwilaphu elisisiseko, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.35 | ||
| I-Sheetts Asbettic Flet, 1600-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.23-0.35 | ||
| Ikhaphethi, i-630 kg / m3 | 0,2 | ||
| I-Polycarbonate (amashiti), i-1200 kg / m3 | I-0.16. | ||
| I-Polyststrevoton, 200500 kg / m3 | I-0.075-0.085 | ||
| Indawo yokuhlala, i-1000-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.27-0,63 | ||
| I-fiberglass, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-0.23. | ||
| Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, i-2100 kg / m3 | 1,1 | ||
| I-ceramic tile, ngo-1900 kg / m3 | I-0.85 | ||
| I-Tile pvc, 2000 kg / m3 | I-0.85 | ||
| I-Lime Plaster, i-1600 kg / m3 | I-0,7. | ||
| I-Stucco ye-Stucco-Sand, i-1800 kg / m3 | I-1,2 |
Inqaku ngesihloko: i-siphon yomatshini wokuhlamba: Yintoni ebhetele ukukhetha?
Iinkuni zenye yezinto zokwakha kunye nokuphumelela okuphantsi komhlaba. Itheyibhile inika idatha ebonisa inqaku lamatye ahlukeneyo. Xa uthenga, qiniseka ukuba ubona uxinano kunye nokusebenza kwengqesho. Ayizizo zonke, njengoko zibhaliswe kumaxwebhu emigaqo.
| Igama | Ukusebenza kweMpazamo | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwimeko eyomileyo | Ngomkhulu oqhelekileyo | Ngomdanisi ophezulu | |
| I-Pine, ifir yonke imicu | I-0.09 | I-0.14. | I-0.18. |
| I-Pine, i-sprucet ecaleni kweentsinga | I-0.18. | I-0.29. | I-0.35 |
| I-Oak ecaleni kweentsinga | I-0.23. | I-0.35 | 0.41 |
| I-Oak ngaphesheya | I-0.10. | I-0.18. | I-0.23. |
| Umthi we-cork | I-0.035 | ||
| I-birch | I-0.15 | ||
| Icodar | 0.095 | ||
| Irabha yendalo | I-0.18. | ||
| Imephu | I-0.19. | ||
| I-LIPA (i-15% suidity) | I-0.15 | ||
| Iarluch | I-0.13. | ||
| I-Waydust | I-0.07-0.093 | ||
| Tow | I-0.05 | ||
| I-Parquet Oak | 0.42. | ||
| I-Parquet | I-0.23. | ||
| I-Parquet Packer | I-0.17 | ||
| Ifir | I-0.1-0.26 | ||
| Poplar | I-0.17 |
Iintsimbi ziqhutywa kakuhle kakhulu ubushushu. Zihlala ziyibhulorho yokubanda kuyilo. Kwaye oku kuyamfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo, ukuphelisa umfowunelwa ngokuthe ngqo usebenzisa ubushushu beengcambu kunye neerhasi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thermal gap. Ukuqhutywa kwentsimbi kwezinyithi kuncitshiswa kwenye itafile.
| Igama | Ukusebenza kweMpazamo | Igama | Ukusebenza kweMpazamo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubhedu | 22-105 | I-aluminium | 202-236 | |
| Ubhedu | 282-390. | Ubhedu | I-97-111 | |
| Isilivere | I-429. | Intsimbi | 92. | |
| Tin | 67. | Intsimbi | 47. | |
| Igolide | 318. |
Ungabala njani ubukhulu be-Wall
Ukulungiselela ubusika endlwini kwabafudumele, kwaye ehlotyeni upholile, kuyimfuneko ukuba izakhiwo (iindonga, isini, uphahla okanye uphahla) kufuneka lixhathise ubume obuthile. Kummandla ngamnye, eli xabiso liyinto yalo. Kuxhomekeka kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nokufuma kwindawo ethile.
Ukuchasana kwe-Hermal kuyakhusela
Ukwakhiwa kwemimandla yaseRussia
Ukuze i-bills yokufudumeza ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izixhobo zokwakha kunye nobunzima babo ukuze ixhathise i-thermal yabo ayiphantsi kwetafile.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Khetha iBhonga yokuhlamba
Ukubalwa kobukhulu bodonga, ubukhulu bokufakelwa, ukugqiba kwabo
Ngolwakhiwo lwale mihla, imeko iphawuleka xa udonga olunamacala aliqela. Ukongeza kwisakhiwo esixhasayo, kukho ukutshiza, ukugqiba izinto. Nganye nganye inobungqiqo bayo. Njani ukufumanisa ubungqinga bokufakwa? Ukubala kulula. Gqibezela kwifomula:
Ifomula yokubala ukuxhathisa i-thermal
R yinkcaso eshushu;
ubukhulu beengcambu ngeemitha;
K kukungasebenzi kokuphumelela kwe-thermal.
Ngaphambili kufuneka uthathe isigqibo ngezixhobo oya kuzisebenzisa xa uza kusetyenziswa ngexesha lokwakha. Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwezinto zodonga ziya kukhanyanyiswa, umhlobiso, njl. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, nganye yazo inegalelo kwintengiso ye-thermal, kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kwe-shirmal yezinto zokwakha kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubalo.
Okokuqala, ukuxhathisa i-shirmal yezinto ezenziwayo kuqwalaselwa (ukusuka apho udonga, ngaphezulu, njl. Njl.) Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ithathele ingqalelo iimpawu zebrinterial zezinto ezigqibileyo, kodwa zihlala "ziyintloko. Le yindlela isitokhwe esithile "sikwimeko". Esi sitokhwe sikuvumela ukuba ugcine ukufudumeza, emva koko unefuthe elihle kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Umzekelo wokubala ubungqingqwa bokufakelwa
Siza kuhlalutya kumzekelo. Siza kukwakha udonga lwesitena - kwisitena esisiqingatha, siya kuboya ubushushu bemineral. Etafileni, ukuxhathisa i-shirmal yeendonga zommandla kufanele kube kwe-3.5. Ukubalwa kwale meko kuboniswe ngezantsi.
- Ukuqala, sibala ukumelana netyhefu yodonga lwezitena. Isitena esinesiqingatha sezitena ngama-38 cm okanye i-0.38 yeemitha, ukuqhuma kwe-thermal ngendlela yokusebenza kwe-Brick Master.56. Siyithatha ngokwale formula yentla: 0.38 / 0.56 = 0.68. Ukuxhathisa okunjalo kunodonga lwezitena ezi-1.5.
- Eli xabiso lithathela ingqalelo kwinkcaso eguqukayo ngokubanzi yommandla: 3,5-0.68 = 2.82. Olu phawu lufuna ukuba luhlobo 'lokuzala "ngokufakelwa kobushushu kunye nokugqibezela.
Zonke izinto ezivalelayo ziya kufuneka zibalwe
- Sijonga ubukhulu boboya bezimbiwa. Ukuhamba kwayo ngempumelelo kwe-thermal yi-0.045. Ubungqingqwa bobuqili buya kuba: 2.82 * I-0.045 = 0.1269 m okanye 12.7 cm.
Ukuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lulinganiselwe, uboya lweminerali lunokuthathwa i-10 cm, kunye nezixhobo zokugqiba ezilahlekileyo. Ngapha koko, baya kuba ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kodwa, ukuba ufuna iakhawunti yokufudumeza ukuba incinci, kungcono ukugqiba "kunye" kwixabiso lokuhlawula. Le yindawo yakho yokugcina amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, kuba imigangatho yokuxhathisa ubushushu yokufaka izakhiwo ithathelwa ingqalelo kumgangatho ophakathi wenqanaba iminyaka eliqela, kwaye ubusika bubanda ngokungaqhelekanga. Ke ngoko, ukuqhubela kwe-shirmal yezinto zokwakha ezisetyenziselwa ukugqiba kufanelekile.