Kwibopheli, njengezinye izinto zokufudumeza, hayi bonke ubushushu, ezabelwe ngexesha lokudibana kwepetroli. Ingaphezulu kakhulu kubushushu obushushu kunye neemveliso zokutshisa ezivuthayo, inxalenye ilahlekile ngeZindlu ze-Boiler kwaye inxalenye encinci ilahlekile ngenxa yokunqongophala kweekhemikhali okanye ukunqongophala koomatshini bokuziswa. Phantsi kwengqondo yoomatshini iqondakala njengokuphulukana nobushushu ngenxa yokusilela okanye ukuhla kwexabiso lezinto ezinamasuntswana angaqengqiswanga.
Ibhalansi ye-Boiler ye-Boiler kukusasazwa kobushushu obukhutshwe xa i-oyile evuthayo, ubushushu obuluncedo obusetyenziselwa injongo yayo, kunye nokulahleka kobushushu, oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-thermal.
Iskimu semithombo ephambili yelahleko yobushushu.
Ixabiso lobukhulu onokuthi livele ngaphandle nobushushu obusezantsi be-quassotion yayo yonke ipetroli ithathwa njengexabiso lokufika kolwashushu.
Ukuba i-oli eqinileyo okanye i-ofisi eqingqiweyo isetyenziswa kwi-boiler, ibhalansi yobushushu ikwiiklodzhoules ezihambelana nekhilogramu nganye yepetroli, kwaye xa isebenzisa irhasi, igesi nganye yegesi. Kwaye kuloo meko, ibhalansi ye-irmal inokubonakaliswa njengepesenti.
I-thermal ye-thermal
Ubushushu obungalunganga be-Boiler xa irhasi evuthayo inokubonakaliswa yile fomyula:
Iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zibonelela ngemveliso ephezulu yenkqubo yokufudumeza.
- Qt = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6;
- Apho i-qt iyonke yobushushu obutshaba obubhaliweyo kwi-boileri;
- I-Q1-Ishushu eluncedo esetyenziselwa ukufudumala okanye ukufumana i-Steam;
- I-Q2-Ilahleko yobushushu, ehamba kunye neemveliso zokudibanisa emoyeni;
- I-Q3-Ilahleko yobushushu enxulunyaniswa nokudityaniswa kwamachiza okungaphelelanga;
- I-Q4-Ukuphulukana nobushushu ngenxa yokungafani;
- I-Q5-Ilahleko yobushushu kwiindonga ze-boiler kunye nemibhobho;
- I-Q6-Ilahleko yobushushu ngenxa yokususwa kwe-ash kunye ne-slag ukusuka kwiziko.
Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-iquation ye-thermal ye-thermal, xa ivutha i-fuses yegesi okanye i-fuels, akukho ququ i-Q4 kunye ne-Q6 amaxabiso aphambili kuphela kwii-fuels ezifanelekileyo.
Ukuba ibhalansi yobushushu ibonakaliswa njengepesenti yobushushu ngokupheleleyo (Qt = 100%), le nxaki ithatha ifom:
- I-100 = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q5.
Ukuba ilungu ngalinye le-SURECY Mirence ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo nasekunene lahlulwe laba yi-Qt kwaye landise nge-100, emva koko ubushushu buya kuba yimali ye-shirmal njengepesenti yexabiso elipheleleyo lobushushu.
- Q1 = Q1 * 100/8 / Qt;
- I-Q2 = Q2 * 100 / qt njalo njalo.
Ukuba ulwelo okanye i-geoous pell isetyenziswa kwi-boiler, emva koko ilahleko ye-Q4 kunye ne-Q6 ilahlekile, i-q6 ilahlekile, i-humer Colance ye-Boiler ngepesenti ithatha ifom:
- I-100 = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q5.
Uhlobo ngalunye lobushushu kunye ne-equation kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Ubushushu obusetyenziselwa injongo (i-Q1)
Iskimu somgaqo-siseko wokusebenza komvelisi we-shushu wesitulo.
Ubushushu obusetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo injongo kukuba i-birriers yobushushu ichithwe ekufudubeni, okanye ukulungiswa kwesibini ngoxinzelelo olunikiweyo kunye neqondo lobushushu, eliqwalaselweyo kwi-enanrider e-Enaerider e-Enoiler. Ubukho beqonga bonyusa kakhulu isixa sobushushu esiluncedo, njengoko senza ukuba sikwazi ukusebenzisa ubushushu, equlethwe kwiimveliso zokudibanisa.
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Xa umbhali ubaleka, ukuqina kunye nengcinezelo ye-Steam ngaphakathi kuyanda. Indawo yokubila yamanzi ixhomekeke kule nkqubo. Ukuba, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, indawo yokubila kwamanzi yi-100 ° C, ke xa i-harti yonyuso inyuka, esi salathisi siyanda. Kwangelo xesha, izibini, ezikwi-boiler enye kunye namanzi abilayo, zibizwa ngokuba zigcwele, kunye nendawo yokubila, kunye nendawo yokubila, kunye nendawo yokubila enoxinzelelo olunikiweyo lubizwa ngokuba yiqondo lobushushu.
Ukuba akukho manzi amanzi kwisibini, ke oko kubizwa ngokuba yinqanawa egcwelekileyo. Inxalenye yobuninzi ye-Steam eyomileyo kwi-ters emanzi sisidanga sokusoma, sivezwe njengepesenti. Kwisifuba se-Steam, umswakama we-steam ranges ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-0.1%. Ukuba umswakama ugqitha ezi zikhombisi, i-Boiler ayisebenzi kwimodi efanelekileyo.
Ubushushu obuluncedo, obuchithwayo ekufudumeleni kwe-1 l amanzi ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa lero ukuya kwi-airling filding kwingcinezelo engapheliyo, ibizwa ngokuba lungelelani lolwelo. Ubushushu obutyunjiweyo kwinguqulelo ye-1 l yolwelo olubilayo kwi-Vapor State kubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obufihliweyo. Isiphumo sezikhombisi zimbini nguMxholo wobushushu obuqhelekileyo weSteam.
Ilahleko yelahleko kunye neemveliso zokudibanisa, ishiya imeko (Q2)
Olu hlobo lwelahleko lubonisa umahluko kunyango lwegesi kunye nomoya obandayo ungene kwi-boiler. Ifomula yokumisela le milo ilahlekileyo yahlukile xa usebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezingamafutha.
Ukutshiswa kweoyile ye-oyile kukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nobushushu ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kweekhemikhali.
Xa usebenzisa ipetroli eqinileyo, ilahleko ye-Q2:
- Q2 = (I-IG-αg * i) (100-Q4) / Qt;
- apho i-IG i-Ig i-Gases ye-Gases ehamba iye kwimozulu (i-KG / kg), i-αg yindawo yokuhlala enomoya ogqithileyo, kwiqondo lokungasebenzi lomoya olufunekayo kwi-boiler (kg / kg).
Isalathisi se-Q4 saziswa kwifomula kuba kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ubushushu ngexesha lokutsha kwe-1 kg ye-ipetroli, hayi i-1 kg efakwe ipetroli yeziko.
Xa usebenzisa i-gaseous okanye i-fuels ye-fuels, ifomula efanayo inefom:
- I-Q2 = ((i-IG-αg * iv) / Qt) * 100%.
Ilahleko yokufudumeza kunye neegesi eziphumayo zixhomekeka kwimeko ye-Boiler yokufudumeza kunye nemodi yokusebenza. Umzekelo, xa incwadana yemigaqo yepetroli kwilahleko yobushushu yolu hlobo inyuswe kakhulu ngenxa yexesha lesihlanu somoya omtsha.
Ukuphulukana namandla e-thermal ngokuhamba kwemozulu enezigaba zomsi kunyuka ngokukhulisa ubushushu obukhulayo kunye nenani lomoya ongenzi. Umzekelo, iqondo lobushushu leegesi ezihamba emoyeni ngaphandle kokungabikho kweqonga kunye ne-heater ye-heater ngo-250-30-160-10 c, ekwandisa izihlandlo ezininzi ixabiso le Ubushushu obuluncedo busetyenzisiwe.
I-Boiler Strapme.
Kwelinye icala, ubushushu obungapheliyo kwiimveliso zokudibana eziphumayo zingakhokelela ekumiselweni kwe-vapor vapor ye-vapor ye-vembate kwimigangatho yokufudumeza, echaphazela ukhuliso lwe-pipes ebusika.
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Isixa somoya esinokusetyenziswa sixhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-burner kunye nendlela yokuSebenza. Ukuba inyuswe xa ithelekiswa nexabiso elifanelekileyo, oku kukhokelela kumxholo ophezulu womoya kwiigesi eziphumayo, eziqhubeka ziyinxalenye yobushushu. Le yinkqubo engenakufikelelwa engenakufikeleleka, kodwa inokuziswa kwixabiso elincinci. Kwizinto ezikhoyo zanamhlanje, ukuhamba komoya awonelanga akufuneki kudlule i-1.08 ye-RORDS ngenaliti epheleleyo, i-0.6 - ye-REARS nge-oir engaphelelanga kunye nokuxhuzula kunye nokuxhuzula komoya kunye ne-1.15 - i-ofisi yosulelo ngaphandle kokuxuba kwangaphandle. Ukonyusa ilahleko yobushushu kunye nomoya ophumayo, ubukho babaphathi bomoya ongezelelweyo kwiziko kunye nemibhobho ye-boiler. Ukugcina ukuhamba komoya kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kunciphisa i-Q2 ubuncinci.
Ukunciphisa ixabiso le-Q2, kufuneka ukuba ibrashi engaphandle nephakathi kwe-boiler ngexesha elifanelekileyo, landela ukunqongophala, enciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwi-ofisi ehlaziyiweyo, ehambelana neemfuno zamanzi asetyenzisiweyo Kwi-boiler, jonga ukungabikho komonakalo kwi-boiler kunye nonxibelelwano lwepayile ukuze ungavumeli ukungena komoya. Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo eyongezelelweyo yokufudumeza kumbane wegesi ekusebenziseni umbane. Nangona kunjalo, ukonga kwi-ofisi efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa ipetroli kuya kuba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunendleko zombane.
Ilahleko yokufuduka umlilo kwi-Whemical Pemical Chemical (Q3)
Olu hlobo lwesikimu luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokufudumeza ukuya kwi-gesiade.
Olona phawu lubalulekileyo lokuqhawuka kwamachiza okungaphelelanga kwamafutha obukho begesi ye-carbon monoxide (xa kusetyenziswa i-fuels eqinileyo) okanye i-fuels eqinileyo) okanye i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-methane Ilahleko efudumeleyo kwi-nostem ilingana nobushushu obunokubonakala xa utshaba.
Ukudibana okungaphelelanga kwe-oyile kuxhomekeke ekusweleni komoya, ukudibanisa ipetroli enomoya, ukunciphisa ubushushu ngaphakathi kwi-boiler okanye xa uqhakamshelane nedangatye leendonga ezinendonga. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kakhulu kwinani leoksijini engenayo kungekuphela nje akuqinisekanga ukuhlangana ngokupheleleyo kwepetroli, kodwa kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-boiler.
Umxholo ofanelekileyo wekhabhoni kwi-monoxide kwi-Countle kwiqondo lokushisa kwi-1400 ° Cully ingabi ngaphezu kwe-0.05% (ngokweegesi ezomileyo). Ngeenqolo zelahleko yobushushu kwi-UNITT, ziya kuba ziipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwi-7% ngokuxhomekeke kwi-oyile. Ukunqongophala kweoksijini kunokuzisa eli xabiso ukuya kwi-25%.
Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa iimeko ezinjalo ukwenzela ukuba ifutha lekhemikhali lepetroli alikho. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya onyanisekileyo wezixhobo, gcina ubushushu obuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwi-boiler, ufezekise ukudityaniswa okucokisekileyo komxube wamafutha ngomoya. Owona msebenzi wezoqoqosho we-Boiler ufezekiswa xa umxholo wekharbon diokside kwiimveliso zokudibanisa, ukufikelela kwimozulu, kwinqanaba le-13-15% kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwepeyinti. Ngomoya ogqithisileyo, umxholo wekharbon diokside kumsi ophumayo unokuncitshiswa nge-3-5%, kodwa ilahleko yobushushu iya kukhula. Ngokusebenza kwesiqhelo zesixhobo sokufudumeza, ilahleko q3 yi-0-0.5% yekharbon yothuli kunye ne-1% yendawo yokugcina iziko.
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Ilahleko efudumeleyo ekusweleni komzimba wokuhanjiswa (i-Q4)
Olu hlobo lwelahleko luvela ngenxa yokuba amasuntswana amafutha anganyangekiyo awela nge-Grate kwi-Ashbar kwi-Ashbar okanye eqhutywa ziimveliso zokutsha ngombhobho. Ukuphulukana nobushushu obuvela kumzimba ongenamzimba ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwe-Boiler, indawo kunye nobume bengcwaba, amandla e-gest, isiqu sefuthe kunye nesiqu sepetroli.
Ezona zilahleko zibalulekileyo ukusuka kwi-verna kunye ne-suble ivutha ipetroli eqinileyo kwaye ijongwa. Kule meko, inani elikhulu lamasuntswana amancinci angacinywanga athathwa kunye nomsi. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokukhethekileyo xa usebenzisa ipetromu ye-inhomogeneous, xa iguqula iziqwenga ezincinci nezikhulu zepetroli. Ukutshiswa komthendeleko ngalunye kufikelelwa ngaphakathi, njengoko iziqwenga ezincinci zivutha ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinxibe ngomsi. Kwimilinganiselo emiselweyo, ukuhamba komoya, okupholisa iziqwenga ezinkulu zepetroli. Kwangelo xesha, bagutyungelwe ngumbhobho we-slag kwaye akapheli ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuphulukana nobushushu kwi-Indowmory ye-Unical ihlala malunga ne-1% ye-shafts yothuli kunye ne-7.5% yezixhobo zokugcina iziko.
Ukuphulukana nobushushu ngokuthe ngqo kwiindonga ze-boiler (Q5)
Olu hlobo lokulahleka luxhomekeka kubume kunye noyilo lwe-boiler, ubukhulu kunye nomgangatho wophahla lwe-Boiler kunye nemibhobho ye-chimney, ubukho bekrini ebushushu. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa kwethambo ngokwakho kunefuthe elikhulu kwilahleko, kunye nobukho bamanqanaba ongezelelweyo okufudumeza kunye nokutshiza kombane kwindlela yokubetha. Ezi zilahleko zokushisa ubushushu zibakho kwi-Diffti kwigumbi apho izixhobo zokwaluphala zimi khona, nakwinani kunye nexesha lokuvulwa kweziko kunye nomgca wenkqubo. Ukunciphisa inani lelahleko kuxhomekeke kumoya ochanekileyo we-Boiler kunye nokufumaneka kweqonga. Kuyathandeka ekunciphiseni ilahleko yobushushu kuchaphazela ukufunyanwa kwemibhobho, apho iigesi zokuphelisa ziyasuswa emoyeni.
Ukuphulukana nobushushu ngenxa yokususwa kwe-ash kunye ne-slag (q6)
Olu hlobo lwelahleko luphawulwe kuphela kwi-oyile eqinileyo kwi-sling kunye ne-slid-enemilenze. Ngokupheliswa kwakhe ngokungaphelelanga, amasuntswana apheleleyo e-of engaphelelanga awela kwi-Ash Bar, ukusuka apho asuswa khona ngokwenza inxenye yobushushu. Le lahle ilahleko ixhomekeke kubuhlungu bepetroli kunye nokuthathwa kwe-stag.
Ibhalansi yobushushu ye-Boiler luphando olubonisa ithemba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-boiler yakho. Ubungakanani bomlinganiso we-thermal unokuthatha isigqibo ngamanyathelo anokunceda ukusindisa ipetroli edityanisiweyo kwaye yonyuse ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokufudumeza.