Namhlanje, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala ngasese okanye i-ndlwini-ntle yelizwe kunqabile iindleko ngaphandle kwemigangatho emibini okanye engaphezulu, kwaye umkhuhlane onjalo uthetha ukwakhiwa okungathethekiyo kwizinyuko ukuya kwenye. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kuthathelwe ityala lokuba, kuyafuneka ukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezitepsi ukuya kwinqanaba lesibini. Kule meko, awunakwenza ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqala lobuchule, amandla okuphatha izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nezakhono zokuzoba, ukuphindaphinda kunye nokongezwa.
Ukubalwa kwezitepsi
Eyona nto ifihlakeleyo kwinkqubo enzima yesixhobo senguqu ukusuka kumgangatho phantsi - hayi kakhulu ukwakha kakhulu njengoko uyazi ukuba ubala izitepsi. Ukuvelisa ubalo olululo, alonelanga ukuba lukhokelwe lumbono wokuba ulwakhiwo oluya kujonga njani, kwaye naphi na apho lungathanda ukubona umnini wolwakhiwo.
Nantsi into ekufuneka yenziwe kwangaphambili:
- Thatha isigqibo malunga nendawo ye-Strirses capcase kwaye ulungiselele ukuvulwa kwindawo yokuhamba kwinqanaba lokwakha;
- Yenza isigqibo sokuba izinyuko zinokhuni okanye kukhetho ziya kunikwa kwenye into;
- Yenza isigqibo sokuba uyilo luya kuba ne-Matshi enye okanye ukuphakama kwesilingi kunye nendawo yegumbi kukuvumela ukuba wenze iiyure ezimbini;
- Rhoqo, ukuphakama kwenyathelo (ekuthathelweni, indlela efanelekileyo ukuba ikukhwela onke amakhaya);
- Thatha isigqibo sokuba mangaphi amanyathelo ekufuneka ukuba abe kwinqanaba lesibini nelesithathu;
- Yenza imilinganiselo yononophelo kwaye wenze umzobo wobume bexesha elizayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zegumbi kunye nohlobo lwezinyuko;
- Bala izinyuko kwizinyuko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezahlukeneyo, ukuphakama kwesilingi, inani leemarike.
Ukubala ngokuchanekileyo uyilo lwexesha elizayo kwaye lwenze lomelele kwaye lukhuselekile, luyimfuneko ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo ekhethiweyo kumfanekiso njengeyona iphambili. Apha ngezantsi kumzobo obona iiparameters eziyimfuneko ukuze wenze umzobo waso nasiphi na isitayile se-tirsi.
Ukubala kwezitepsi akuchazi nje kuphela inani elichaziweyo elichaziweyo, elixhomekeke kubude bezi zinto, kuthathela ingqalelo ukubethwa kwembeko (ukuba ikhona kwaye kufikelela kwiisentimitha ezininzi). Kubalulekile ukumisela ubunzulu benyathelo ngalinye.
Indlela echanekileyo yemilinganiselo, idatha ethembekileyo kunye nesikimu esihonjisiweyo siya kuvumela:
- Yila izitepsi zolunye uhlobo nolungathandekiyo;
- inkosi eqhelekileyo kunye nokhetho lomntu ngamnye lwenzelwe igumbi elithile;
- qinisekisa ukuthembeka kolwakhiwo lwamatye;
- Mnike inkangeleko entle nenobuhle, yenza iinkcukacha zezinto eziphilayo endlwini.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Ukwenza izitepsi zensimbi ngezandla zabo (isikhokelo sendibano)
Iindlela zanamhlanje koyilo lokuhlobisa kwezakhiwo zisebenzisa oomatshini beenkuni, zahluka kububanzi bezinyuko, zenza ukuba bandiswe ukusuka ngaphantsi, basebenzisa i-stairs yephepha leentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
Zininzi iindlela zokukhetha ileli-Ukukhetha imodeli ethile kuxhomekeke kwindawo enikezelwe kwindawo yokufakelwa, indawo yasimahla kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo nabanini beNdlu.
Imuvi
Indlela ibizwa ngokuba yiyona uyilo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo, olunokuba nendawo enye okanye engaphezulu. Yenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa uninzi lwenziwe ngamaplanga. Kulula ukuyila kwaye wakhe, kodwa kufuna izinto ezininzi ezingenantsingiselo.
Ukwenzela ukwenziwa kwayo nayiphi na into efunekayo
- Imiqadi (le inokuba yeyona cosomes kunye ne-testers);
- Izibonda zenkxaso (inani labo linokwahluka, kuxhomekeka kwiplastikhi kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo);
- Iindlela ezilula okanye ezisebenzayo (le yokugqibela ihlala isetyenziswa kwizitepsi);
- Amaplanga ongezelelweyo phambi kwendawo ye-indemine emzoboni;
- Ibalaasins kunye nesandla ukuba uyilo luya kuba noyilo.
Ukubalwa kwezitepsi ezihambayo zezakhiwo zokuhlala kwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno ezithile:
- Ububanzi obugqibeleleyo bezinyuko abuphezulu kwe-0.8-1 m.
- Umgama ukusuka kwizitepsi ukuya kwisihluzi ungaphantsi kwe-2 m.
- I-angle yotyekelo lwezinyuko kufuneka libe ngaphakathi kwe-35-45 degrees.
- Inani eliphezulu lamanyathelo kwi-Matshi nge-19 kaMatshi.
- Ukuphakama kwenqanaba ngalinye yi-16-19 cm, ububanzi bethenda yi-22-33 cm.
Bala iiparamitha eziqinisekileyo zezitebhisi zexesha elizayo, esazi ubungakanani begumbi: umgama ukusuka phantsi ukuya esilingweni, kubandakanya ubukhulu becala lokuhamba kwamagumbi, ububanzi begumbi. Ungasebenzisa ikhalitha elula, kodwa kukho i-intanethi yesixhobo esikwi-intanethi esenzelwe okukhethekileyo ngenxa yesi sizathu kwi-Intanethi.
Iyure enye
Ukuyila i-stairser yeyure enye ilula ngokwaneleyo ukuba uthatha isigqibo ngohlobo lweebhungane. Uyilo lunokwakhiwa koorhulumente, i-croupches okanye i-lorgets (i-therteners yentsimbi esetyenziswa ngaphandle kwezitepsi zomthi).
Ngokuchanekileyo ukubala ubude bemigangatho yenqwelomoya (kwaye ke ubude beziteni ze-Matshi) buza kunceda ifomula A * B, apho kuhleli nje ububanzi bamanyathelo, kunye nezonke.
Indlela yokubala inani lamanyathelo kwiZiteji ezizayo kwaye ichonge ukuphakama kwamanyathelo (ububanzi beendlela zendlela), iboniswe ngokucacileyo kwividiyo engezantsi.
Kwividiyo: Ungabala njani izinyuko (inani lamanyathelo, ubude be-rower).
Iimali ezimbini
Iiprojekthi zezakhiwo zokuhlala zinokutshintsha kwaye zibonelela ngokwakhiwa kwezitepsi zephepha ezimbini ngeqonga okanye amanyathelo aqhubayo. Ukuyila i-M-Steyircal ye-M
Inqaku lesihloko: Indlela yokwenza isitepsi esinamabali amabini: Iindidi zoyilo, ubalo kunye nokufakwa
Kwinkqubo ebunjiweyo ye-p-qho, ihlala iqhuba iqonga njengekhonkco eliphakathi phakathi kwendawo yokuqala neyesibini - iqhotyoshelwe kwi-Overthaul. Indawo yokudlala inokunyuswa okanye incinci, eyona nto iphambili kukuba umgama phakathi kwemarike linyathelo (i-60-80 cm).
Kwividiyo: Ungayenza njani imilinganiselo ukubala izitepsi ezizimile.
Iphepha elithathu
Olu khetho lubalwa nge-cottiges yendawo ebalulekileyo kwaye inokuba yinxalenye yoyilo loyilo lwegumbi. Isakhiwo esivela kumthi we-eco-kunye novimba, kodwa sinokufuna izixhobo ezongeziweyo zokuhambisa ukubonisa ukuthembeka koyilo.
Iiparamitha zobugcisa zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zomntu ngamnye zeprojekthi, kodwa ifomula yokubala, ngokwemilinganiselo yobungcali, nokuba injineli yengcali ifuna ukusikwa nokucwangciswa kwamanyathelo kunye nobubanzi bamanqanaba. Umzobo ongezantsi ubonakalisa umzobo wohlobo olunokwenzeka lwezitebhisi zephepha ezintathu.
Isikere
Inqaku lokwakha isikhafu-Indawo yamanyathelo ajikeleze inkxaso. Ububanzi bayo yeyona nto iphambili. Okokuqala, ububanzi bonke bokuyilwa bugqityiwe kwaye umbono ophezulu waqulunqwa. Umzobo ubonisa izangqa ezi-2 (izitepsi kunye ne-trajectory yokuhamba kuyo). Emva koko kufuneka ubale inani lamanyathelo, inombolo yabo kufuneka ibe linani, kwaye ukuba ithe yajika iqhekeza, kufuneka lonyuswe.
Ukuchonga ukuphakama kwamanyathelo, idayimitha yesangqa yahlulahlulwe ngexabiso elifunyenwe ngenxa yokubala lokuqala.
Ikona
Ngesithuba esikhululekileyo esimahla kumakhaya abantu, i-sterirser yekona ihlala ifakiwe - uyilo olujikelezayo ngama-90 degrees. Eyona nto iphambili ekuguqukeni kokubuyela umva kunokusebenza kuzo zombini amanyathelo aqhubayo kunye nendawo yokudlala.
Xa ubalwa, kubalulekile ukuba uxhomekeke kwezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
- Ukuba kukho iqonga phakathi kwamachiza, ubude bayo kufuneka bube ngaphezulu kwe-140 cm, kwaye ububanzi obuhambelana nobubanzi belixesha.
- Ukuba kukho izinyuko nababhokishi, ububanzi bawo obuvela kumda wangaphandle kufuneka bube ngama-40 cm, embindini-ubuncinci be-20 cm, nobubanzi benxalenye emxinwa yi-14 cm.
- Kwixesha lokujika kwelelide lifuna isikwere ngendlela yesikwere okanye amanqanaba amathathu okanye amane.
Kwividiyo: Umzekelo wokubala izinyuko ngamanqanaba eqhubayo.
Ukubalwa kwenqanaba "lenyathelo le-goose"
Olu luhlobo lohlobo lwe-compact, apho amanyathelo alingana khona ngokuhambelana nomgca we-stroke. Lo uyilo lusekiwe kwimeko xa kufuneka longa indawo endlwini. Njengommiselo, i-angle yotyekelo kwizitepsi "inyathelo le-goose" ziidigri ezingama-45-65.
Inqaku elahlukileyo lolu hlobo lolwakhiwo luphawu, olubanzi lwendawo yokuhlala kuphela ubude bamanqanaba.
Xa ubalwa ileli "inyathelo le-goose", kufuneka uqwalasele amanyathelo aqinisekisiweyo:
- Ububanzi bokunamathela kwindawo apho umka uza kuthembela khona, kufuneka abe malunga ne-30 cm.
- Ububanzi becandelo elincinci lilingana nesiqingatha sobubanzi belibanzi (ngamanye amaxesha senziwe ngaphantsi).
- Ukuphakama kwamanyathelo (umgama ukusuka ekuthandeni ukunamathela) - 15 cm.
Inqaku lesihloko: I-Steir Railing kunye nezandla: Iintlobo eziphambili, ezenza kunye noFakelo (+86 iifoto)
Ukubalwa kwezitepsi kwi-tutor
Ukubalwa kwezitepsi kumfundisi-ntsapho kwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iiparamitha, kodwa azifani ngokweyona nkqubo iphambili:
- Umgama ukusuka phantsi ukuya esilingisi umiselwe;
- Ngokwefomula, ukuphakama kwamanyathelo kubalwa;
- Ubalwa;
- Isekela ububanzi bokuvulwa, kubalwa ubude beli lixa.
- Ububanzi bomdlalo weqonga awunakuba ngaphantsi kwe-50 cm.
Ukubala amanyathelo
Inani lamanyathelo anokubalwa, ugxile kumaxwebhu emigaqo elawulayo, apho utyekelo lwe-angletion luboniswa, ububanzi beliqaqo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nobunzima bomntu, ngokukhethekileyo akukho namnye.
Ukuphakama kwamanyathelo kubalwa kwisiseko sokudalwa kwamalungu osapho kunye neempawu zeprojekthi ekhoyo, kwaye inani lamanyathelo liya kunceda ukumisela ifomula esetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. Bala ubungakanani bamanqanaba anokusetyenziselwa ukubala iziphumo zemilinganiselo yakho: Ukuphakama kunye ne-b-ububanzi (2a + B = 64).
Ukwazi ukuphakama okuqikelelweyo kwezitepsi ezisemgangathweni, yahlulwe yaba yinto eqikelelweyo yenqanaba.
Njani ukufumanisa i-angle yotyekelo?
I-angle yotyekelo lwezitepsi sisikhombisi esibalulekileyo, apho kuluncedo khona ukuhamba, ukuphakamisa / ukuphakamisa izinto ezikhoyo zefanitshala. Ukuchonga i-angle ekubalweni kuthathe ukuphakama nobubanzi bamanyathelo, umgama ukusuka kumgangatho wesilingi.
Iiparamitha zoololiwe kunye neengcingo
Kwileli yomthi, iiparamitha zezololiwe kunye neengcingo zibonisa inyathelo lelinyathelo kunye neprojekthi yoyilo lomntu ngamnye. Banokonyuswa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobubanzi bomngcipheko. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu ziiparameter ezifana nokuphakama kweebhaluni, ubude nobubanzi bololiwe.
Ngokommiselo olawulayo, iingcingo zalo naliphi na ileli kufuneka ifumane le parameters:
- ukuphakama (kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-900-1000 mm;
- Ubude be-railing bulingana nobude beziteni;
- Umgama phakathi kweBlains ayingaphezulu kwe-150 mm.
Isikhokelo soBabalo lweZitiya (2 ividiyo)
Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zeZistim zeZitebhisi (iifoto ezingama-52)
