I-injini ye-injini
Ukuqaliswa okuthembekileyo kwe-injini yemoto yabakhwetha ebusika ngamanye amaxesha kujika kube yingxaki. Lo mbandela ulungele izixhobo ze-Autotractor ezinamandla zamashishini ezolimo, iinkonzo ezihlanganisiweyo zendlela ezisebenzisa phantsi kwemiqathango yokugcinwa kwebhola. Oku akuyi kwenzeka ukuba umncedisi we-elektroniki uza kuba sesandleni, esinokwenziwa sisiqinisekiso esaphukileyo serediyo.
Isixhobo sokuqala solu hlobo senziwe ngokweengcebiso ezichazwe kwinqaku elichazwe kwinqaku elichazwe kwinqaku elichazwe kwinqaku elichazwe kwinqaku elichazwe kwinqaku elithi "I.P. I-REAREAT. I-SOLOLD". Iimvavanyo zokuqala zibonakalise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ibize isixhobo sokuqala kunye nenani elaziwayo. Ingasebenza kwimowudi "ye-cuigarette i-cuyter", i.e. Kunye nebhetri yemoto, kwaye ke ngoko bekuya kuba chane ngakumbi ukusibiza ngokuba sisixhobo sokutshaja kunye nokuqalisa. Kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, i-injini iqala kufuneka iqhutywa ngamanqanaba amabini:
-Ukuphinda ibhetri kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 imizuzwana;
-I-genent "i-Proprove" ye-injini.
Irejista eyamkelekileyo yokujikeleza kwe-Starter ihleli imizuzwana emi-3-5, emva koko inciphile kakhulu. Ukuba i-injini ayiqalanga kwinzame yokuqala, kwakufuneka ndiphinde yonke into kuqala. Ke, izihlandlo ezininzi. Le nkqubo ayidibani, kodwa ayinqweneleki ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:
kukhokelela ekubhekiseni kwe-Starter kunye nempahla yayo ephakamileyo;
Kunciphisa ubomi bebhetri (ebusika, imijelo yokuqala yabakhweli beemoto ezifikelela kwi-250 A. Babangela ukungcungcutheka kweepleyiti zebhetri, ukonakala kwento esebenzayo, njl. Njl.).
Kwaye inqaku apha ayikuphela nje ukuba ibhetri enokuphinda iphinde ifumaneke "hayi ubutsha. Njengoko esaziwa ngoncwadi (n.m. Ilin, yu.l. Timoeev, V.ya. Vanyaev. Izixhobo zombane zemoto. M. Isikhongozeli esixhonyiweyo siqinisekisiwe ukuba kwiqondo lokushisa elenziwe ngombane + 25 ° C. Ngokuncipha kweqondo lobushushu, ukugcinwa konyuselo lwe-electrolyte, okukhokelela ekuncipheni kwekhontrakthi yokukhupha malunga ne-1% inqanaba lobushushu. Ke, nokuba ibhetri entsha ephindaphindwayo ebusika iphulukana nezinto zayo "zokuqala".
Ungaziphepha ezi zinto zingalunganga kuphela ukuba amandla esixhobo sokuqala sanele ngokwakho (ngaphandle koncedo lwebhetri) lokuqala kwemoto ebandayo. Oku kuyakwandisa kakhulu ubomi bebhetri esebenzayo.
Masizame, phantse, vavanya iiparamitha zefowuni yokuqalisa. Njengoko esaziwa ngoncwadi [1], kwimowudi yokuqala, okusebenzayo kwebhetri:
Ir = 3 × c20, kwaye
apho i-C20 ngumthamo olwenziwe kwibhetri (i-AN2). I-voltage kwimodi yokuqalisa kwibhetri nganye ayifanelanga ibe yi-1.75 v. Ke. Ibhetri ye-12 yevolthi:
I-UR = 6 × 1, 75 v = 10.5 v,
Apho i-ur yeyona voltage yebhetri yebhetri kwimowudi yoqalo, v.
Yiyo loo nto amandla anikezwe kwi-Starter:
I-PCT = Ur × IP, W.
Umzekelo, ukuba ibhetri ifakwe kwimoto yabahambi i-6 st-60, amandla abonelelweyo kwasekuqaleni uya kuba:
PCT = 10,5 = 1890 (W).
Ngaphandle kwalo mthetho yibhetri 6 ST-55, eyisiza sangoku esikhoyo: IP = 255 A, kwaye amandla anikezelweyo ukuba:
I-PCT = 10.5 v 205 A = 2677.5 W.
Sebenzisa itheyibhile 1 Idatha, ungabala amandla ukubonelela nge-Starter yayo nayiphi na imoto. Ngalo mandla, le Ratsoptal yokujikeleza kwe-crankShaft ibonelelwe (i-40-50 RPM-ye-carburetor ye-carburetor kunye ne-80-120 RPM-yedizili), eqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwenjini ethembekileyo.
N / n. | Uhlobo lwesiqalo | Amandla aMandla, kW | I-voltage enqwenelekayo ngaphakathi | I-Isted ziinjini | Uhlobo lwebhetri enokuphinda yenziwe | Amandla e-Translamer Apper, kw |
Nye | ST 230A, S 230b, I-ST230K. | I-1,03. | 12 | Iimoto "Volga", Gaz-53, Gaz-66, Zil-130. | I-6st-60 I-6st-75 I-6st-75 I-6st-90. | ezine 4.5 4.5 Ntlanu |
2. | I-ART 221. | 1.25. | 12 | "Vaz" | I-6st-55 | ezine |
3. | St 117A. | I-1,18 | 12 | "Moskvich" | I-6st-55 | ezine |
ezine | I-ST 222A. | I-2,2 | 12 | Iitrektara T-16, T-25, I-T-30. | 2 × 6st-150 | 6. |
Ntlanu | ART 142. | 7,73. | 24. | Iimoto "Kamaz", "Maz", "Kraz", "ZIL-133 GI" | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
6. | St 103a-01 | 8,2 | 24. | Iitrektara "Kirovets", (K-700, K-701) | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
Inqaku lesihloko: Ukufakwa kwezizimeleyo zohlobo olunqunyanyisiweyo
Ukutshatisa iTheyibhile ye-1 kunye nokubala apha ngasentla, unokwenza izigqibo ezahlukeneyo:
- Uninzi lweemoto zabakhweli, amandla okwenyani ezibonelelwa kwi-Starter igqitha amandla ayo (ekhompyutheni) ngamaxesha angama-2-2.5 kwaye:
Ngo-1900 ≤ pct ≤ 2700 [W];
-Izolori ezineenjini ze-carburetor, esi siphithiphithi sisenokuba phezulu ngakumbi:
2400 ≤ pct ≤ 3310 [W];
-Izithuthi ngenjini yedizili:
I-PCT = 2,50,50 = 11970 [W],
(Banebhetri ezimbini 6 st - 190 zibandakanyiwe kuphuculo).
Xa ubalwa i-storing ye-Starter, kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ilahleko kwibhloko yerejista, ukubonelela ngamacingo, indawo yoqhagamshelo ye-oxid ye-oxids yendlela yokudibanisa kunye nesiphelo. Njengoko amava abonise, amandla okutshintsha kwefowuni yokuqalisa kwemoto yabakhweli kufuneka angabi ngaphantsi kwe-RTR = 4 kw.
Isakhelo sathatyathwa njengoko sichaziwe [2], kodwa nge-transclomer enamandla ngakumbi i-T1. (Jonga umfanekiso 1).
Umzobo wesixhobo sokuqala senqanaba elinye.
KuMbhali, i-specing ye-Specing yenziwa kwi-toroidal core ukusuka kwi-stator yemoto yombane etshisiweyo enemipu ye-5 kw. Idatha yayo ijongeka ngolu hlobo:
I-SCT = 27 cm2, i-SCT = A × B (i-SCT-Indawo yecandelo lemibhobho ye-magnetic, cm2)
(Jonga umfanekiso. 2).
Fig. 2 a, B, umgca wemagnetic
Inani leenguqu ze-1 kwi-voltage esebenzayo yabalwa yifomula:
T = 30 / ss
Inani leenguqu zendlela yokuguqula i-Translamermer yayi:
W1 = 220 ·t = 220 · 2008/27 = 244;
Umoya wesibini:
W2 = w3 = 16 · t = 162/27 = 18.
Umoya ophambili kwinxeba nge-PTTV Ø 2,12 mm, isiseko sesibini yi-Aleminiyam iTire ngecandelo le-36 mm2. Guqula uhlobo lwe-SA1-1031 (kunye nokukhuselwa okwenziwa) kwi-25 A. DODS VD1, vd2 uhlobo lwe-D161-250.
I-AMLLTITUT YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA KWI-PRORENGER vM = 1.7 t .. Ukudalwa okwangoku ngamaxabiso anje nge-VM kufikelela kwixabiso le-IXX = 3.5 a, enciphisa ukusebenza kwempumelelo kotshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo imeko elandelayo. Ukusebenza okwangoku kwi-Translamer I1 kwixesha lokuphehlelelwa kungafikelela kwiinqobo zokuziphatha kwi-voltage kwiingcingo zenethiwekhi ye-15 ukuya kwe-20 v. kwaye i-200 v. isetyenziselwa umoya ophambili wenguqu. Kunciphisa ixabiso le-VM kwaye kungabikho nto ingento yangoku, enyusa ukusebenza kwempumelelo ngexesha lokuqalisa.
Kwabo banqwenela ukubala iipali ezizimeleyo zokuguqula umhlaba, ungazisebenzisa iindlela ezichazwe [2], [3].
Iingcebiso ezininzi kumalungiselelo e-coreroid. I-squtor ibijamelene nemoto yombane ekhululekile kwiintsalela zomoya. Ngoncedo lwe-chissel ebukhali kunye nesando esinqumle amazinyo emitayile. Oku akunzima ukukwenza. Isinyithi esithambileyo, kodwa kufuneka usebenzise iiglasi zokhuseleko kunye nemittens. Emva koko ukusuka kwi-ron yentsimbi Ø 7-8 mm ilungiselela izibiyeli ezibini ezine-p olwenziwe kwi-Translamer olwenziweyo ziya kuqhotyoshelwa kwisakhelo esisezantsi. Kumasiphelo omabini, amabakaki anqumle intambo phantsi kwe-M6 Nut. Ukusuka kwi-ribbon yentsimbi, ubukhulu be-3 ukuya kwi-mm nobubanzi be-18 ukuya kwi-20 mm, bagobe, balungiselele ukuphathwa kwe-transmlermer. Imiphetho ye-p-fact ye-p-cet yongeza nganye, ifumana "iilwimi" ze-5-8 cm, apho kuya kuqhotyoshelwa khona isiphatho somthi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imingxunya ye-7 ye-7 mm iqhutywa "ziilwimi". Iibhibhisi ezimbini kunye neenxalenye ezimbini zentsimbi zisongelwe ngomaleko weelaphu ezifakwe i-epoxy i-epoxy i-epoxy kwaye ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-toroid: isiphatho esiphezulu, esitratweni esezantsi komgama omnye komnye. I-core iyonke iphinde yagutyungelwa yi-tissies enye okanye ezimbini ze-tissue ezifakwe i-epoxy ren. Emva kokomisa i-epoxy reshon, qalisa umoya. Umoya ophambili ovuthuzayo ungqubana kuqala, ngokulinganayo ukuhambisa i-perimeter. Emva kokwenza umoya wokuqala, i-transformer ibandakanya inethiwekhi kwaye ilinganise i-Inting yangoku, engafanele ikhunjulwe i-3.5 A. kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba i-VM = 1.7 tl isondele kwinani le Ukujikajika kuya kubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwi-Ixx moya.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubetha iphepha lephepha lemifanekiso nge-glue kwi-vinyl
Ngaphambi komoya onesibini onesibini kwindawo yesithambisi, umngxunya uyadinwa ngumngxunya phantsi kwe-M12 ye-SLT ephuma embindini womoya kwaye kwangaxeshanye 'i-terminal "elungileyo". Ukulungiswa kwe-Deds eboniswe kumzobo kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zensimbi zesicelo seSiseko seSiseko kungekuphela nje kwi-Debles, kodwa nomgangatho wobushushu obungenayo ngaphandle kwePads yeDidric.
Isigqibo se-semiotock yesibini iqhagamshelwe kwi-terminal "elungileyo", ukujika kwayo kuhanjiswa yonke i-perimeter ye-core. Xa ibeka i-submer yomthi.
Emva koko, ngoncedo lwe-welding lungiselela isiseko sezakhelo. Kule nto, i-rod yentsimbi yentsimbi isetyenziswa i-10-12 mm. Kwelinye icala lesakhelo kwi-aluminium okanye ipleyiti yobhedu ene-3 ukuya kwi-mm, ilungisa i-Deod Fitten. Apha umngxunya uyatyhutyha phantsi kwe-M12 ye-M12, eya kusebenza njengesixhobo "subis". Kwelinye icala lesakhelo, icandelo lamalahle lifunyanwe kwaye i-SA1 iqhotyoshelwe kuyo.
Ngoku malunga neengcingo ezidibanisa i-Starter Starter Starter Starter. Nakuphi na ukungakhathali ekwenzeni kwabo 'kungayinciphisa nayiphi na imizamo yakho. Yibonise kumzekelo othile. Vumela ukuxhathisa i-RPR yendlela yonke yokudibanisa ukusuka kwi-rectififier ukuya kwi-Starter iya kulingana: i-RPD = 0.01 i-IP = 250 kunye ne-voltage ye-voires iya kuba:
UPR = IPRRPR = 250 A = 0.01 om = 2.5 v;
Ukulahleka kwamandla kwiingcingo:
I-RPR = I-Upr · Ip = 625 W.
Ngenxa yoko, i-voltage ayisiyo 14 v, kodwa 11.5 v, ethi, yona, ayinqweneleki ukuba iqale kwimodi yokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, ubude beengcingo zokudibanisa kufuneka zibeke kancinci kangangoko (l ≤ 1.5 m), kunye nendawo enqamlezayo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka (i-SP ≥ i-100 mm2). Iingcingo kufuneka zibe ngaphezulu kobhedu oluninzi kwi-ihrinta yerabha. Ukuze ube lula, uqhagamshelo kunye ne-Starter yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweekhonkco okanye ezinamandla ezisetyenziswa njengezona ezi-electrode zoomatshini beWeldling basekhaya. Uhlobo ngokubanzi lwe-Starter yenqanaba elinye iboniswe kwi-Fig.3.
Umzobo, ngesixhobo sesigaba esinye sokuqala.
Indlela ethathiweyo yokubala isixhobo sokuqala yindawo iphela kwaye isetyenzisiwe kwiinjini zalo naluphi na amandla. Siza kubonisa oku kumzekelo we-Starter St-222 A, isetyenziswe kwitrektara ye-T-16, i-T-25, i-T-30 Vladimir Itrektara itrektara.
Ulwazi olusisiseko malunga ne-ST-222 i-Starter:
I-voltage enqwenelekayo - 12 v;
Amandla aBanzi - 2.2 kW;
Uhlobo lwebhetri enokuphinda yenziwe-2 × 3st-150.
Ke:
I-IRE = 3/22 = 3 · 18 A = 450 A,
Amandla anikezelwe kwi-Starter aya kuba:
I-PCT = 10.5 VP 450 A = 4725 w.
Ngenxa yamandla elahleko:
Rp = 1-1.3 kW.
Amandla oMthengi:
I-RTR = PCT + RP = 6 kW.
Icandelo lomnqamlezo we-pipelic pipelic sct = 46-50 cm2. Ukuxinana kwangoku kwizifundo zithatha ilinganayo:
J = 3 - 5 a / mm2.
Umsebenzi wexesha elifutshane wesixhobo sokuqala (imizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kwele-10) ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinethiwekhi zesigaba esinye. Ukuze ufumane iziqalo ezinamandla ngakumbi, i-Translamer yesixhobo sokuqala kufuneka ibe linqanaba lesithathu. Siza kuxelela malunga neepesenti zoyilo lwayo kumzekelo wesixhobo sokuqala setrektara ye dirolies "kirovets" (k-700, k-701). I-Starter yayo st-103a-01 inamandla anqabileyo ye-8.2 kw kwi-voltage ye-24 v. Amandla okuqala kwefowuni yokuqalisa (kuthathelwa ingqalelo ilahleko) iya kuba:
Inqaku lesihloko: Iikhethini zokuhombisa ezivela kwi-bamboo yenze ngokwakho
I-RTR = 16 - 20 kw.
Ukubalwa kokwenza lula kuguqulo lwesithathu ezintathu kwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izindululo ezichazwe [3]. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisa i-STK ye-STK-20A, i-TOB-63 yoochwephesha be-380/20 yee-volt. ngaphakathi kwi-Flarry yezilwanyana, ukuzalwa kwehagu kunye t .. Isekethe ebangela ukuba i-transforment yenqanaba lesithathu imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (jonga umfanekiso 4).
I-Fig.4 Ukuqala isixhobo kwi-Translamer yenqanaba lesithathu.
I-MP yi-magnetic pml-4000 yohlobo lwe-Starter, i-PMA-4000, okanye abo bafana nabo baguqule izixhobo ezine-20 kW. I-Pad iqhosha le-SV1 Uhlobo Ku-121-1, Ku-122-1m, njl njl.
I-Alpapid yeSigaba seSigaba esiSithathu se-Alpapid isetyenziswa apha, ekuvumela ukuba ufumane i-idrooke ye-idrooke ye-36 v. Ixabiso elinyukayo lichaziwe kukusetyenziswa kwe-starters exhumayo (kwizixhobo ezikhulu zentambo I-4 m). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Translamer yenqanaba lesithathu kunika amathuba amaninzi okufumana i-voltage yoxinzelelo olufunwayo. Ixabiso layo linokutshintshwa, kubandakanya "inkwenkwezi", "unxantathu" unxantathu, faka i-alterogeneous okanye i-bippetier (i-bippetier (i-Blueiov).
Ukuqukumbela, amaBhunga ngokubanzi kunye neeNgcebiso:
-Ukusetyenziswa kwe-toroidal tion yeeseti zokuqalisa kwenqanaba elinye kwinqanaba lokuqala alimfuneko kwaye liqwalaselwe ziimpawu zabo ezibalaseleyo. Kwangelo xesha, itekhnoloji yemveliso yabo yeyona nto inzima.
Ubalo lwe-transmer yesixhobo sokuqala linezinto ezithile. Umzekelo, ukubalwa kwenani lenani lokujika ukuya kwi-1 kwi-voltage esebenzayo yiFomula: T = 30 / i-SST, ichazwa ngokubaluleka kweyona nto iphambili kuqoqosho. Oku kufanelekile ngemo yakhe yexesha elifutshane (imizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kwengama-5) yokusebenza. Ukuba ubukhulu bungadlali ngendima yokuthatha isigqibo, unokusebenzisa indlela engaphezulu yokufumana ifomula: T = 35 / ss. Icandelo lomnqamlezo lombhobho wemagneti uthathwa nge-25-30% ngaphezulu.
-Umbane onokuthi "ususwe" kwi-core core ekhoyo, phantse alingane namandla emoto yombane onamanqanaba amathathu, apho le yenziwe khona. Ukuba amandla enjini ayaziwa, inokubalwa yifomula:
Rdv = i-· ·
apho i-rrdv ingamandla enjini, w; Ѕst - indawo yecandelo le-magnetic piuililing piuiling, i-CM2 iseti = A × e ѕok-indawo yefestile yombhobho wemagneti, i-CM2 (jonga i-2)
Ѕok = 0,785 · d dD2
-Ngaba i-core ye-transformer kwisakhelo esisezantsi iboshwe ngamaqhekeza amabini ane-p. Ngoncedo lwe-shaib yokufaka i-shaib, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukubonakala kwe-com ye-co-roth evaliweyo yenziwa ngumzobo ngesakhelo.
-Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba i-injini yokuqalisa isigaba sokuqala sokuqalisa ngaphezulu kwe-28 v, i-injini iqala yenziwa ngolandelelwano olulandelayo:
1. Qhagamshela iitikti zendlela yokuqalisa ngokungekhoyo.
2. Umqhubi ubandakanya i-Starter.
3. UMncedisi ucinezela iqhosha lokuqala le-OV1 kwaye emva kokusebenza kwe-injini ikhulula ngokukhawuleza.
- Xa usebenzisa isixhobo sokuqala esinamandla kwinguqulelo yesikhululo ngokweemfuno ze-TB, kufuneka ikhutshiwe. Izibambo zemikhaza yokudibanisa kufuneka zibekwi-interhed yerabha. Ukwenzela ukunqanda ukudideka, uphawu 'olululo "lunqwenelekayo ukutshata, umzekelo, i-tepe ebomvu.
-Ukuqala ibhetri, awukwazi ukunqamla kwi-Starter. Kule meko, imikhaza iqhotyoshelwe kwizigqibo ezifanelekileyo zebhetri. Ukuthintela ukuphinda ibheke ibhetri, isixhobo sokuqala emva kokuqala injini inqatshelwe.
-Ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwemagnetic, umoya wesibini we-transformer ungcono umoya wokuqala kwi-core, kwaye emva koko wabetha umoya wokuqala.
Uncwadi:
N.m. Illin, yu.l. I-Timofeev, v.Ka. Vanyaev. Izixhobo zombane zeemoto. M. Izothutho, 1982
I.P I-Sheleves. I-Amateur Distment iflemu. Incwadi 1, M .: Sololon 1998.
I. Nicoforov. Ukubalwa okulungiselelwe i-Translament yenethiwekhi. Irediyo, 2000, No. 10, iphe. 39.
Iitrektara "Kirovets", K-K-701, K-700 Inkcazo yezobuchwephesha kunye nencwadana yemiyalelo. M .: I-Tractooexport.
V. I-motuzas. I-electropuscat. I-Mectinic yasemaphandleni, ngo-1988, No. 4, iphe. 23-24.