Ngaphantsi kwezindlu ezindala kwaye ziphantsi kwayo nganye entsha, kunye ne-cottiges eyakhiwe kwisakhiwo sakutsha nje, kukho umgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba - eli ligumbi elihlala lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukugcina imifuno, izinto zexesha, ixesha elithile.
Kwizakhiwo zale mihla (i-Brick okanye indlu engaphantsi), igumbi elingaphantsi linokuxhotyiswa ngegumbi lokuhlala, njenge-ofisi, igumbi lokuzivocavoca, igumbi lebhiyozeli, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, igumbi lembali, njl.
Nokuba yeyiphi na, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise igumbi elingaphantsi kuphela ukuba iqondo lobushushu kuyo likhululekile. Nokuba ukuphakama komgangatho ongaphantsi kwendlela akuvumeli ukuba ucwangcise igumbi eligcweleyo kulo, lusafuna ukutshintshwa, kuba ukufudumala kwendawo yokuhlala yenye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu endlwini.
Ngaba kufuneka ndifudumele igumbi elingaphantsi?
Ukusuka kwinkcazo engentla kuyabonakala ukuba ewe, indawo yokuhlala ibhetele. Sinika ezinye iimpikiswano ezimbalwa ngabo bathandabuzayo:- Isebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo indawo eluncedo;
- Ukubonakala kwefungi kunye nokubumba kwigumbi elingaphantsi, elingumthombo wevumba elingathandekiyo kunye nokuwohloka kwe-microclmoge kumgangatho ongezantsi weNdlu;
- Iqondo lobushushu kwi-insureshentyment esele inyulu alihlikisi kumanqaku athambileyo;
- Ukufakwa kwegumbi elingaphantsi kwendlu kwenza ukuba kukhuseleke isiseko sobunzima kunye neengxaki ngenxa yomgubo;
- Isantya sokutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo siyancitshiswa;
- Ukwehlisa umbane okanye ukusebenzisa igesi yokufudumeza ekhaya.
Phawula. Ukuba umgangatho ongaphantsi ungafakwanga, ngokutsho kwe-9561-91 "yaqinisa i-Serivete Slabs", kuyimfuneko ukufudumeza indawo yokuqala, eyahlulahlula umgangatho wokuqala obekho kumhlaba wokuqala. Imfuneko efanayo ibhaliwe kwi-SPIP 2.08.01-85
Ukuqaphela, itekhnoloji yokufakwa kwe-Cellar iyafana, kodwa inemahluko othile.
Iindidi ze-insulser
Ukufakwa kwegumbi elingaphantsi kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- I-Inriser . Ilula, kodwa ifuna umsebenzi wokuphelisa umswakama, kungenjalo imbonakalo ye-concessate iya kunciphisa lonke ukufafaza;
- Ukutshintshwa kwangaphandle . Ikuvumela ukuba ukhuphele ukukhuphela amanzi odonga ngaphandle. Le ndlela yokufakelwa kwe-thermal ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba Inika ukhuseleko olungcono kwaye alilinciphisi indawo eluncedo yegumbi, kodwa inzima kakhulu. Njengommiselo, lwenziwa kwinqanaba lokwakha indlu;
- Ukudityaniswa okuhlanganisiweyo . Isebenza kakhulu kuba ibandakanya ukufakelwa kwezinto zokufakelwa kobushushu kunye nokupheliswa kwamanzi kwigumbi elingaphantsi kumacala omabini.
Ukhetho lwendlela kumiselwa kwizinto ezinje:
- ulawulo lweMinity;
- ubukho bokufudumeza kwigumbi elingaphantsi;
- ubukho benkqubo yokuqhutywa kwendawo ejikeleze igumbi elingaphantsi;
- Ukuqeshwa kwegumbi elingaphantsi.
Izixhobo zokufakelwa i-insulant
Okokuqala, umninindlu kufuneka enze isigqibo malunga nokuzifaka igumbi elingaphantsi. Kwimarike yokwakha kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto zokufakelwa kwe-chormal eneempawu ezahlukeneyo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ukugoba iBhati yeBhate yeNewbors
Qwalasela olona fakelo ludume kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukuqinisekiswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-subysety
- IStyrofofoam . Izinto zokuthambisa zixabiso eliphantsi nezokudimazeka. Ukufakelwa, igwebu ene-25 kg / mkb isetyenzisiwe.
I-Polyfoam ithandwa ngenxa yeepropathi: Ukukhanya, ukunganyangeki kokujikeleza, iimpawu eziguquguqukayo, ukungakwazi ukufunxa umswakama, ubomi benkonzo ende. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukufunyanwa kwetyala legwebu yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwandisa ukuthengiswana kwe-thermal. Kodwa umntu makangalibali ukuba i-foam ayinakusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezinemngcipheko womlilo wokuphelisa ukubakho komlilo. Olu phawu lunokutshintsha kwaye lubaluleke kakhulu - luqaqambisa ngezinto eziyingozi zengozi ngexesha lokudibana;
- I-Polystrene Fom . I-analogue engakumbi yanamhlanje. Inayo yonke ipropathi eyiveliswayo kwi-foam, kodwa iphawulwa luxinano oluphezulu (oluthetha kakhulu), ubukho benkqubo "yeGroove-Crest".
Kwangelo xesha, i-polystrene igwebu ibonakaliswa ngokulula kwendlela yokusebenza koomatshini (iphepha alikhuseli xa usike), ukumelana nokuzimela kunye nexabiso eliphezulu. Ukufakelwa kwegumbi elingaphantsi kwakuqhelisela ngenkuthalo ngogonyamelo elandisiweyo. Ezi zixhobo zilungele ukuqhuba i-subserment ngaphandle nangaphakathi;
- Polyreurene Foolder . Ukutshiza impahla yokuthantamisa. Inqaku le-PPU liqukethe amandla okugcwalisa izithuba ezimbalwa. I-Polyurethane Fom ayivumeli ukufuma, ayibola, ayitshisi, ibonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu kwegumbi. Ukufakwa kwe-Polyurethane Foam ikuvumela ukuba wenze umaleko oqinileyo wedwa. Iintsilelo zibandakanya iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngezandla zawo;
- Uboya bezimbiwa . Ukufakelwa kwegumbi elingaphantsi ukusuka ngaphakathi kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kokufakwa okuthambileyo kwaye kuxhomekeke kuphela kukungabikho komswakama. I-minvata-i-hygroscopic kwaye xa imanzi emanziyo iphulukana nepropathi yokufaka i-shor;
- I-ceramzit . Ngaphandle kwento yokuba oku kukufakelwa okuninzi, kunezinto ezilungileyo zokufakelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa kwe-ramzite inesizathu sokufakwa komgangatho kuphela kwigumbi elingaphantsi nasekukhuseleni isiseko ngaphandle, kuba igravel yelitye (ilitye elityunjiweyo) libonelela nge-drainage elungileyo.
Ukufakelwa, imbonakalo yakhe kunye nobuninzi, ikhethwe ngokukodwa kwityala ngalinye. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokufakwa kwe-intermal kunokunikwa ingcali enokubala ubukhulu obufunekayo ngezinto ezininzi. Kwaye ungazenzela ukubala ngokwakho. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa iingcebiso eziqulathe:
- I-Snip II-3-79 "Ukwakha ubunjineli obushushu"
- Incwadana yobushushu kunye noyilo oluvakalayo. Iindonga zezantsi kunye neziseko;
- I-snip 23-02-2003 "ukukhuselwa kwezakhiwo"
Njengo:
Iimfuneko zobunjineli obushushu zokuBhuselaka kwegumbi elingaphantsi
Ukufundisisa kwala maxwebhu angasentla kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba yabele iimfuno zobushushu zobushushu:
- Ukutshintshwa kobushushu obutshintshileyo (i-snip 23-02-2003). I-MOSCOW - RO = 4.15 M2 • ° C / W.
Ukuxhomekeka kokusebenza kwe-thermal ukungasebenzi kokufakelwa kunye nobunzima bayo bokufakwa ngaphakathi kwi-Odulity (iThebhile)
Ukuxhomekeka kokusebenza kwe-thermal ukungasebenzi kokufakelwa kunye nobunzima bayo bokufakelwa kwendawo yokuhlala (itafile)
- ukuqonda kwemithwalo (snap 2.01.07-85);
- Ukumelana nobushushu kuyilo olufihliweyo. Ukubala ukubalwa kwe-Ameltionality yokuguquguquka kobushushu kusekwe kwizikhundla zeStip 23-02-2003;
- Iparry i-parry yesakhiwo esivaliweyo (snap 23-02-2003).
- Iimfuneko zokhuseleko lomlilo (i-snip 21-01-97, Gost 30247, Gost 30403).
Inqaku ngesihloko: Yintoni i-heater yamanzi eqokelelweyo?
Izinto ezikhethiweyo zibeka umqobo obalulekileyo ekukhetheni itekhnoloji kwaye zimisela indlela yokufaka igumbi elingaphantsi kwindlu yabucala ngokuchanekileyo.
Itekhnoloji ye-insula iqhekezwe ngezandla zabo
Qwalasela indlela ukuqhutywa kobuso kwegumbi elingaphantsi kwePenplex (itekhnoloji iyafana ne-foam kunye ne-polystyrene). Qaphela ukuba i-insulting yokufakelwa kwe-thermal ibandakanya i-over kunye ne-inshunser yokufakelwa ngaphandle (kwiindonga ezithile, isini, ngaphezulu).Ukongeza kwi-inshontes, uya kudinga:
- isixhobo somhlobiso ngaphakathi;
- Ukunyuka kwe-goam;
- Qinisa igridi yePolymer;
- Izinto zokungena emanzini (i-bimominous mastic);
- isiLungelo leGulu;
- Ikhonkrithi okanye inzala ngaphandle;
- isixhobo.
Iimfuneko zokuThunyelwa kwamanzi
Iimfuno zokuTheluka kweRhafu
Iimfuno zokubetheka
Ukunyanzelwa komzimba ngaphandle
I-interliser barment ngaphandle
Iingcebiso kunye nenkqubo yomsebenzi wokwenza:
- Umsebenzi uqhutywa kuphela kwimozulu eyomileyo kwaye ngexesha lokufudumala. Oku kuqinisekisa ukufuma komhlaba okufutshane kufutshane nesiseko;
- Imisebenzi iqala ukufaka i-termread kufutshane nokususwa kwayo;
- Ngaphaya koko, isiseko sivavanywa ngenxa ye-rocks, ukuhluthwa kwezinto zokwenza amanzi, izitenxo ezibalulekileyo, njl.;
- Ungqingo lokuqala lokufumana amanzi luyasetyenziswa. Ii-masters ezincomekileyo zokufaka isicelo sokufuma--funa i-mastic kwaye uyisebenzise ngomaleko oqinileyo;
- I-insuble ihluthwe. Ukufakelwa ngaphandle kwegumbi elingaphantsi, kuyinto efanelekileyo ukusebenzisa i-polystyrene foam okanye i-polyurthane foam. Kuba Ezi zixhobo zahlulahlulwe yi-clutch enokuthenjwa kunye kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
Ukufakelwa kukufakwa ngendlela yokuba yi-500 mm. Wayethetha ngaphezulu kwesiseko (ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomhlaba). Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Xa ufaka i-insullin, i-dowels-iambrellas ayisetyenziswanga, kwaye sisisombululo esinamathela kuphela. Isisombululo sisetyenziswa nge-spatulad ene-spatula, eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokulinganayo i-glue yokwandiswa kwe-polystyrene foam okanye i-polytourthane foam kwaye uphephe ukubonakala kwelitye phantsi kwephepha. Kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa kweglue kuya kuphelisa ukonakala kwephepha. Phambi kweengubo eziphakathi kwamashiti, zibekwe ngqwana;
- I-faere yesibini yokuphuma kwamanzi iyasetyenziswa. Lo mthetho ubalulekile ukufaka kumphezulu wokufakelwa, oya kuba emhlabeni;
- Inkqubo ye-Squage ixhotyisiwe. Ukujikeleza indlu kuyafuneka ukuze amanzi aweme kufutshane ne-insholente;
- Uyilo lokuhlobisa ngesiseko (umzekelo, udaka, isigqubuthelo sokugxeka).
Ungazifaka njani iindonga zegumbi elingaphantsi
Phawula. Ukufakelwa kokufakwa ngaphandle kwecandelo elinyanzelekileyo lomsebenzi ekhinzini lweendonga zegumbi elingaphantsi. Kuba Ukufakwa kwe-inshurensi ngaphakathi kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kuya kukhokelela kwinto yokuba isiseko siza kuwa ngamanzi esichaphazela ngaphandle.
Ukufakelwa kwegumbi elingaphakathi
I-interser of thement evela ngaphakathi
Imiyalelo yenyathelo lenyathelo ngohlobo lweengcebiso kunye nemithetho.
Ngaphakathi egumbini, izinto zokuthambisa ubushushu zicetyiswa ukuba ziphakamise kuzo zonke iindawo: iindonga, phalies kunye nomgangatho. Ukuba umgangatho ongaphantsi uthathwe ukuba ushiywe ungafundanga (kubanda), kuyimfuneko ukuba wenze i-pipes yokufudumeza kwigumbi elingaphantsi lokuphepha ilahleko yokuphola ngexesha lendawo yokuhlala.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukufakelwa kwe-thermal, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ongenayo kwigumbi elingaphantsi. Eyona ndlela ilula yokucwangciswa kotshintshiselwano bomoya kukwenza imingxunya emibini kwiindonga ezichaseneyo zegumbi elingaphantsi.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iingcango zangaphakathi emhlophe kwi-Oak emhlophe ngaphakathi kwendlu
Umngxunya we-ventilation kudonga olungaphantsi
I-interser of thement evela ngaphakathi
I-odolo yomsebenzi ifana kakhulu nokufakwa kwangaphandle:- I-polymer mesh iqhotyoshelwe;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Ukuze iprimer ingame, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukungena kumoya kwigumbi elingaphantsi;
- Jonga iindonga zobukho bezigqibo, ukungahambelani (okungenakuphekwa ngumxube wokuthetha), iinxalenye ezikrokrekayo;
- Iphakanyisiwe i-iculator;
- I-Plaster isetyenziselwa umsebenzi wangaphakathi.
Xa usebenzisa enye into egqityiweyo, umsebenzi ofanelekileyo wokulungiselela zenziwa, umzekelo, isikhokelo sixhotyiswe ngetrim eyomileyo.
Ukufudumeza i-wiling celish ende
Ukufuduswa kobushushu kwenziwa kwinyanzelekile nakweyiphi na indlela yokufakwa kwigumbi elingaphantsi. Kuba Ukufakelwa kwamanqanaba avela kwi-Osemncinci kuvumela ukunciphisa umahluko wamaqondo obushushu phakathi komgangatho wegumbi endlwini nomoya kuyo. I-odolo yomsebenzi ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-overlap, esungulwa phakathi komgangatho wokuqala kunye negumbi elingaphantsi.
Yomgangatho wamaplanga:
- I-Polystrene Fom (igwebu okanye i-penplex) ifakwe;
- Ukuhlolwa kweqhwilo kwenziwa;
- Ifoofol ifakiwe - ifilimu ye-foil ebonisa ubushushu egumbini;
- Ukugqiba imisebenzi yenziwa.
Ungayifaka njani i-celing ophantsi
Ukomeleza umgangatho wekhonkrithi kufuna ukuba ilungiselelo lesidenge lobuxoki, umsebenzi walo ukunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu ngekhonkrithi. I-bobypototor nguyilo olurhangqiweyo olurhangqiweyo kunye nomaleko wobushushu obukhulu (iphakamisa i-toratiment).
Umgangatho ophantsi
Owona msebenzi uphambili wokufakelwa kobushushu bomgangatho ukuze ubushushu abushiye umhlaba emhlabeni. Nokuba sithetha malunga nendawo engafundanga. Ukukhetha indlela yokufaka umgangatho kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kufuneka kuvalwe ukukhetha ezimbini:Ukukhetha 1. Ukufakelwa komgangatho ngodongwe okanye "nguPauld World"
Inkqubo yokuHlanganisa uMgangatho kwigumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba
I-ceramnjite ilala phantsi, irhabaxa, kwaye i-mesh yensimbi ithe yabekwa ngaphezulu kwayo kwaye i-fator ikhonkrithi ye-Skerey igalelwe. Ukuthintela ukutshintsha kwe-clamzite xa uqhuba, yenza isakhelo esivela kumthi ogqityiweyo, kwiiseli ezigutyungelwe ngamatye edongwe okanye ii-metallic ze-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba ifakwe i-metallic (ukuba kufakwe i-metallic). Ifayilishwe i-ceramzite ikhutshiwe ngumgaqo. Emva koko, umgangatho wokupheliswa komgangatho kunye nomgangatho wenziwe.
Inketho 2. I-interliser i-polystrene foam
Umgangatho we-inshurensi yoLuhluli-phantsi (ekuqaleni kokwakha ekhaya)
Umgangatho we-insumpasersunt olwandisiweyo i-polystyrene
Kule meko: Umgangatho kwigumbi elingaphantsi lilinganiswe, i-stowel yamampunge ifakwe kuwo, i-Stiff Foings ifakwe kuyo, i-Stiff Fobroofing (umzekelo, i-Rungneroid) ibambeke kwi-faks ye-Plati ye-150 mm ingena eludongeni. Emva koko, i-vorite ikhwaza i-30 mm ithululwe, nto leyo ecetyiswayo yokuqinisa ukuphelisa iqhekeza lekhekhe elishushu.
Umgangatho wokuphefumla wamanzi kwigumbi elingaphantsi lendlu yabucala
Ukuthulula i-stred kumgangatho kwigumbi elingaphantsi
Ukusweleka kweengcango kwigumbi elingaphantsi
Inqanaba lokugqibela, eliya kuthintela irisithi yomoya obandayo ukusuka kwindawo engafundanga ngakwigumbi elinegumbi kumgangatho wokuqala wendlu.Ukuqukumbela
Ngenxa yoko, isikhuselo esibanzi sendlu engaphantsi kwendlu yabucala siya kwandisa umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwegumbi elingaphantsi, iya kunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu kwaye inciphise iindleko zokufudumeza.