Ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ndawo okanye indawo yesakhiwo enobushushu ifezekiswa ngokufaka izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesakhiwo, kunokuba zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye azitshise. Umzekelo, kwindlu yabucala, incinci-encinci- okanye ezimbini ezikhululekileyo zegesi zihlala zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezinokubakho ngaphandle okanye eludongeni. Kwezinye izindlu, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukho izinto ezinjalo njengezakhiwo ezivuthayo zenkuni okanye kwiziko le-bourgear. Ewe kunjalo, oku kuyenzeka kunqabile, kodwa ngaba ezi zinto zithandayo, ezazikhulula iminyaka emininzi zavumela abantu ukuba banike ubushushu kumakhaya, kwaye ngoku kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo yenza imisebenzi yawo. Ngokuphathelele amashishini emveliso, ebizwa ngokuba "yimipu yomoya" efunyenwe ngokubanzi, ethi, ngenxa ye-fan eyakhiwe, kwaye ikhawuleze i-air fan kubushushu obuthile, kwaye ngexesha lokufudumeza bayakwazi ukwenza umoya kunye nemisebenzi ye-fan (yanele kuphela inqaku lokufudumeza).
I-Boiler engaphandle ifakwe kwigumbi elahlukileyo.
Ukongeza kwezi zixhobo, kumashishini amakhulu endalo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinye izinto zeshishini okanye iimpahla zokutya zisebenzisa i-steam height. Ilele kwinto yokuba i-steam iveliswe kwinkqubo yemveliso ayithunyelwanga emoyeni ngombhobho wokukhupha, kodwa ibhekiswe ecaleni kwemibhobho ejikeleze umjikelezo wesakhiwo. Le ndlela ivumela ukugcina imali yombane okanye yegesi enkulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yindlela entle yokunciphisa ubungakanani befuthe elibi lezinto zomntu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ewe kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokufudumeza kwesizukulwana esidlulileyo, ubuchwephesha ngoku singamanyathelo ambalwa, kodwa ukulahleka kobushushu kuhlala kungamanqanaba anzima. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufanelekile ukuba kungenxa yokubala okucwangcisiweyo kokuphulukana nobushushu besakhiwo, kodwa nokuthatha ezinye iinzame ukuze ezi zikhombisi zinciphe.
Ingabala ilahleko yelahleko yobushushu?
Inkqubo yokulahleka kobushushu ekhaya.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indawo yokuhlala okanye igumbi, ilahleko yobushushu yenziwa, ihambelana nenyaniso yokuba umoya oshushu ushiya igumbi ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya iindonga, ukuqhuba, imigangatho, iiwindows, iminyango kunye nangaphezulu. Ukongeza, kufuneka ibizwe ngokuba yinto njengemfuno yokutshisa umoya ofuna ukungena egumbini lonke izithuba kunye neendlela ezikhululekileyo ziphinde ziphakathi kwezakhiwo ezivaliweyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphepha ukulahleka kobushushu, kubalulekile ukuba ubalo kwaye uzame ukuchaza amanqanaba aphambili omsebenzi owoyisa le meko.
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Iindlela zokubala ilahleko yobushushu bendawo kunye nenkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwayo
Iskimu seskimu seengcango zokungena.
Yonke ilahleko yamagumbi eentlobo ngeentlobo zobushushu zenziwe ngobushushu, zenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neendonga ezifakiweyo, ezifana neendonga ezifakiweyo, ezifana neendonga, ezikwinkanyezi, kwaye ziwela ngaphakathi Isakhiwo sezakhiwo ezikhuselweyo ezikhululekileyo ezikhoyo kuYilo lwale ndawo izakhiwo eziqwalaselweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye izakhiwo zeshishini kukho ezinye iindlela zokulahleka kobushushu, uhlobo lokunxulunyaniswa kuphela nemisebenzi esebenzayo yeshishini kunye neemeko apho imisebenzi ngqo yombutho ichanekile ngqo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, ukugcina ilahleko yobushushu ivelisa zonke izinto zodidi lokufihlakala, olubekhona kwigumbi elishushu.
Kwangelo xesha, akukho mfuneko yokuba uthathele ingqalelo ukuphulukana nobushushu, ukuba iqhutywa ngokwamadlelo angaphakathi, ukuba umahluko phakathi kobushushu babo kunye neqondo lobushushu alidluli kwi-3 degrees Celsius.
Ungalubala njani ukuphulukana nobushushu kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo esifakiweyo?
Iifomula zokubala ilahleko yobushushu.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukho le fomula ilandelayo: IQOGO = f (i-TNB) (1 + σ β) n / ro
Yeyiphi i-TNB ibushushu bomoya ngaphandle, ilinganiswe ngamaqondo degrees Celsius;
I-TW-iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwigumbi, inyathelo lokulinganisa liyinto enesidiliya;
Ngapha koko, indawo yazo zonke izinto ezikhuselayo ithathwa kwiimitha zemitha;
n ngu-condes of ithathela ingqalelo indawo yocingo okanye izakhiwo ezikhuselayo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, oko kukuthi, indawo yomphezulu walezinto zangaphandle;
Phantsi kwe-β, ukongeza ilahleko yobushushu, ibalwa kwezinye izabelo ukusuka kwilahleko ephambili yobushushu;
I-RO kukuchasana nenkqubo yokutshintshelwa kobushushu ilinganiswe malunga nemveliso ye-SQ. Iimitha ze-degrees celsius ukuya kuW.
Ukuxhathisa kuhlala kuyifomula Ro = 1/1B + σ (δі / λі) + 1/ / α + rv.p Apha, ukubonwa kobushushu obunelungelo lokufumana umphezulu wangaphakathi woocingo olukhoyo, umlinganiso wemilinganiselo yeli candelo uthathiwe - umlinganiso we-TT kwimveliso ye-dagrius;
λі kukumiswa okukhulu kwendlela yokuqhubela phambili kwe-thermas ebibalele kwimixholo yolawulo olunye;
Δ-Ubungqingqwa bomaleko omnye wezinto;
I-αn - ukulandelelana kobushushu obushushu ngocingo;
I-RV.N kukungaxhathisi ubushushu ngaphakathi kwe-famite evaliweyo;
I-coefficients αn kunye ne-αv kwezinye iimeko zinexabiso eliqinisekileyo, kunye nexabiso le-λі, eboniswa kwiincwadi ezikhethekileyo zesalathiso;
Δі - Ixabiso limiselwe ukongeza ngokobuqhetseba, ngokutsho komsebenzi, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba lizimisele ngokwemizobo yemizobo yoyilo lweentaka;
I-HITGEENT YOKUGQIBELA I-Coefficients ye-CHECH ye-αv kumhlaba ongaphakathi, imigangatho kunye nophahla yi-8.7 sq. Mq. M ºс / w. Ukudluliselwa kobushushu bokuguqula ubulungisa bangaphandle kunye ne-overlaps ichazwe yi-αn, apho kukho i-attic, ilingana nolwakhiwo kunye nokungasebenziyo kuyancipha kabini , ngokulinganayo ne-12 sq. m × ºс / w.
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Ilahleko eyongezelelweyo ye-thermal ngeefestile kunye neengcango
Kunqabile ukubala itekhnoloji yokubala yelahleko yelahleko ngeengcango okanye iiwindows, ke ngoko kufanelekile ukusebenzisa idatha enikezwe kwizixhobo zesalathiso. Ngokutsho kubo, ngeengcango, iiwindows kunye neendonga zigxile kumacala aseMantla, ilahleko yobushushu ibonwa kwi-01 β. Ukuba usetyenziso lweWindows, iindonga kunye neengcango zijonge ngasentshona okanye mpuma, emva koko ilahleko incitshisiwe incitshisiwe kwaye ilingane no-0.05 βUkubalwa kwenkcitho yokutshisa inkcitho xa usiya ngaphandle komoya
Ilahleko eyongezelelweyo yobushushu.
Zimbini ngokubanzi zasamkela kule meko. Ngomsebenzi wokuqala, ukusela amandla e-Qі kunokugqitywa, ukushiya ukufudumeza komoya ongena ngaphandle kwe-ventilation. Ubalo lwesibini olufanayo lunceda ukumisela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-thermal ukuya kwi-air moya evela ngaphandle, ingena ngaphakathi kwigumbi elingaphandle.
Chonga i-Qі ngokwefom yefomula 0.28 l ρn c (1),
apho l, M3 kwiyure enye, kukusebenzisa umoya ovelayo;
C Ngaba inani elithile lenqwelomoya, ilinganiswe kwi-KJ;
ρn kukuxinana komoya wangaphandle, kg / m3.
Ukubala ukubalwa kokulahleka kwe-thermal yendlu yabucala
Rhoqo kwenzeka ukuze, ngaphambi kokuba ubeke endlwini entsha, ihlala iguqula izinto ezincinci ngezandla okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kufuneka ufunde le nto ushiyekileyo . Kwaye ekuqaleni, kwaye kwikota yesibini, ingxaki kufuneka iconjululwe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa umahluko kukuba, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ngokwenza umsebenzi onamandla, kuhlala kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokulungiselela. Ke, umzekelo, ukuba awukafudumele, kuya kuqala ukubala ilahleko ye-thermal kwaye kuphela ubone ukuba yeyiphi na inkqubo yokufudumeza izakulunga kwimeko yakho ethile.Ukuze enze umsitho ocwangcisiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kwindlu yabucala enokufudumele. Impendulo yokuqala eza engqondweni iqhagamshelwe, kunjalo, kunye nomnyango. Iya kuhlala injalo, kuba yiyo le nxalenye ingazukuyibeka emdeni wesitrato nasekhaya, kodwa ikwilizwe elivulekileyo rhoqo. Kwaye ukuba kwintwasahlobo okanye kwihlobo, eli lungiselelo liba ngunobangela wokungena kwi-mosquiti, iimpukane kunye nezinye izinambuzane (ngamanye amaxesha), ebusika nangentwasahlobo yasebusika iziphumo zibaluleke kakhulu: Kwimizuzwana embalwa igumbi elinye liphuma, kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba le ndlu ayiseli kuphela, kodwa ikwaphuma, ngoko, okungenani kube kanye ngemizuzu emi-2. Kwaye ukuba emazini ngokukhawuleza okuphelisa ubushushu bangaphakathi begumbi kuthintela umnyango, ke akukho sikhuselo enjalo kwindlu yabucala.
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Ke, bahlanganisene nomnyango, apha sasingazi nto intsha, kodwa siqinisekisile kuphela amaxesha afanelekileyo okuqaphela kwethu kunye nokukrokrela. Okulandelayo, sibonisa uluhlu lweenxalenye zesakhiwo esinetyala lelahleko ye-thermal:
- iindonga;
- iwindow;
- phapharing;
- ukubopha okanye uphahla;
- UPaul kwiwokuqala okanye kwigumbi elingaphantsi;
- Inkqubo ye-ventilation.
I-TeplockLototieri kunye nokubalwa kwabo kumzekelo wesakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini
Thelekisa iindleko zokufudumeza izakhiwo zeemilo ezahlukeneyo.
Ke, thabatha umzekelo indlu encinci enemigangatho emibini, ishushu kwisangqa. Ukudluliselwa kobushushu bokuchasana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kweendonga (R) kuya kuba kumndilili olingana nesithathu. Kuthatha ingqalelo ukuba udonga oluphambili sele luqokelele ukufakwa kwe-thelyplex okanye igwebu, ngobungqingqwa be-2 cm. Umgangatho uya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm. Ngokuphahleni eluphahleni, apha ukumelana nokuchasana nokuchasana nokufikelela kwi-4.5-5 inyani yokuba i-attic ye-attic ingena kwinkazana yeglasi okanye uboya bezimbiwa.
Ukongeza, ugqiba ukuba ezo zinto okanye ezinye izinto zangaphakathi ezikwaziyo ukuxhathisa inkqubo yendalo yokwaphula umthetho kunye nokupholisa umoya ofudumeleyo, kuya kufuneka ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka njani. Mhlawumbi ukhetho oluninzi: Ukuvela, i-radiation okanye inkcitho. Ukongeza kubo, kukho amanye amathuba, kodwa ayiyondawo yokuhlala yabucala. Kwangelo xesha, ukwenza ukubalwa kwelahleko yobushushu endlwini, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba amaxesha ngamaxesha amayeza ngaphakathi egumbini linokukhula kwifestile Iidigri ezininzi. Akukho mfuneko yokubaleka kule nkqubo nokuba indlu ikwindawo ethile ekhethekileyo ngokunxulumene namaqela ehlabathi.
Ukwenzela ukufumanisa ukuba inzima kangakanani ilahleko yobushushu, kwanele ukubala ezi zikhombisi kwelona gumbi lininzi. Eyona nto ichanekileyo ibandakanya oku kulandelayo. Okokuqala kufuneka ubale indawo yonke yazo zonke iindonga kwigumbi, ke ukusuka kwesi sixa ekufuneka usithobele indawo yazo zonke iifestile kweli gumbi kwaye, unikwe indawo yophahla, Bala ilahleko yobushushu. Kuyenzeka ukuba uphumeze oku ngoncedo lwefomula:
I-DQ = S * (T ngaphakathi-t ngaphandle) / r
Ke, umzekelo, ukuba iindonga zeendonga zilingana neemitha ezingama-200. Iimitha, ubushushu bengaphakathi - 25/1 nasesitratweni-thabatha 20/1ºс, iindonga ziya kuphulukana nobushushu obuyi-3 ye-kilowatt ngeyure nganye. Ukuphulukana nobushushu bazo zonke ezinye izinto zibaliwe. Emva koko, bahlala kuphela ukuba bashwankathele kwaye uyakufumanisa ukuba igumbi ngefestile enye liza kuphulukana ne-14 ye-kilowatt ngeyure nganye ngeyure. Ke, lo msitho wenziwe ngaphambi kokufaka inkqubo yokufudumeza ngokwefomumu ekhethekileyo.