Okwangoku, iKevlar iye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwimpahla kunye nezixhobo zabantu abaphila emhlabeni: emkhosini naseSilove Vekov kunye nabaphandi, iimbaleki kunye nabacimi-mlilo. I-Kevlar fibers isetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo, apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu, avela kumathayi e-automotive kwaye aphelise amatyala e-YACHT, itekhnoloji yabo iphuculwa. . Esi sixhobo safunyanwa sisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, kwaye abaninzi baya kubonakala bengaqhelekanga ukuba umfazi abe ngumbhali wayo.
Yavela njani iKevlar?
Kufuziswa ukuba i-ivantive yale fiber Stephanie ye-fiber stephanie kyork ethandwayo yokuthunga iimpahla zempahla. Emva kwesikolo, wafumana ikhemistcast ekhethekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie, kodwa ephuphe amayeza. Ukufumana imali yokufunda eyunivesithi, ngo-1946 le ntombazana yaqalisa ukusebenza kwinkxalabo edumileyo, yaza yaqonda ukuba isazisi sakhe sasisakhemisi. Ngo-1964, iqela likaKollyk lasebenza ekuphuculeni ukuveliswa kwemveliso yezilwanyana - izinto ze-polymeric kunye nesakhiwo esinentonga esinokuyifaka intambo yentsimbi enamavili. Ukwala indlela ezinyibilikayo, uStephanie wakwazi ukufumana uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwesisombululo, apho xa udlula kwiifilitha waguqukela kwimithombo ye-arararad.
Xa ifayibha ebangela ukuba iqalise ukuvavanya amandla, abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba izixhobo ziqhekezwe - amandla ezinto ezintsha yayiphezulu kuneso sensimbi.
Izinto ezintsha ezibizwa ngokuba yiKevlar, zafumana ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kumashumi asixhenxe. Yaqala ukusebenzisa ukuveliswa kwamatayara, iiribblus zentambo, izinto ezihlanganisiweyo. Kwangelo xesha, ulwakhiwo lomkhosi kunye namandla lwaluhlawulwa kumandla aphezulu eentsinga zePoliamid, injongo yoko yayiphuhliswa kukhuseleko oluthile. Uluvo lwentonga lomzimba lwavela ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yokuqala (umbhali wayo yayingumbhali we-conch), kodwa iipleyiti zentsimbi zemveli zazinzima kwaye zatsiba ukuhamba.
Inqaku ngesihloko: I-lanters yephepha lenza ngokwakho. Iitemplate
Iingcali zeZiko leSizwe laseMelika iminyaka emininzi zichithe uphondo olucokisekileyo, apho babonisa ukuba ukuchasana ne-pulver ibonelele ngeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-38 ibonelela ngezicubu zesixhenxe. Inqanaba lokugqibela lovavanyo lwamasimi lubonise ukuba amandla omzimba omzimba ancipha ngokumiswa kwayo kwaye xa etyhilwe kwimitha ye-UV. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimveliso ze-kevlar ze-kevlar zisiba mandundu ngakumbi iipropathi zawo zokukhusela emva kweetayile ezininzi, kwaye azinyamezeli umgaqo wokucoca kunye nokucoca umhlambi.
Iziphumo zophuhliso oluphuhliswayo yayiyintonga ye-kevlar enomkhenkce wezicubu zamanzi, ebonelela ngokhuseleko kwi-sueer eqinileyo ukusuka emanzini kunye nelanga . Ukongeza, izinqwazi zeKevala, iigloves, ii-insholes, njl njl. Yaqala ukusebenzisa njengendlela yokhuselo lomntu.
Iipropathi ze-aramid fibers
Ukongeza kumandla aphezulu, kevlar ineepropathi ezininzi ezohlukileyo, ezizezi:
- Xa unxibelelana ngomlilo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, le fibre ayitshisi, ayitshayi kwaye ayinyibiliki;
- IKevlar ayityhefu kwaye ayinabuhlungu;
- Iqondo lobushushu le-thermoam yi-430-450-450 i-40s;
- Amandla efayidi egxothiweyo aqala ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe xa ekhathalela i-degrees engaphezulu kwe-150;
- Xa i-frization, kevlar iba namandla kuphela, iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu baseFriogenic (ukuya kuthi ga -200 degrees);
- Ezi zixhobo ziyi-insulator yombane.
Ukongeza, ilaphu leKevlar libonakaliswa ngokuthambileyo, hygroscopicicicity kunye nokukwazi ukutshintshiselana ngomoya, kwaye kukhululekile xa kusetyenziswa. Kuyinyani, oku akusebenzi kwimpahla eyenzelwe ukusebenza kwiimeko zokusebenza kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukonyusa ukumelana nobushushu, iKevlar igutyungelwe i-aluminium. Izinto ezivela kwifayibha enjalo zikhusela ngokuthembekileyo kwimitha yobushushu enamandla, ukunxibelelana nee-hots kushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 degrees, nakwi-spashes yentsimbi eshushu.
Ifanele yongezelelwa ukuba le nto ilula kakhulu - imitha enye yelaphu inobunzima obuyi-30-60 g, kwaye nangona ingafikeleli (ukusuka kwi-30 yeedola), ilungisa ngokupheleleyo iindleko. Ezinye izinto eziphantsi zizixhobo zokukhusela zomelezwe ngemisonto ye-kevlar, ebanika ukumelana nokunganyangeki kum kwaye u-Abrastive Abrasion. Iindwanga ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ukufaka ukufaka kunye nokukhusela ukusebenza kunye nezemidlalo, iigloves, kunye nezixhobo ezingathinteli. Ukukhathalela iimveliso kubo kulula kakhulu. Akufanelanga:
- Rhoqo ukuhlamba;
- Ukucoca iikhemikhali zekhemikhali;
- Ukuvezwa kwelanga.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Igadi yenze-ngokwakho - uyaziqhela ngeefoto zezimvo
Isetyenziswe phi kerlar?
Le fiber ephezulu ifumana eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukusuka kumzi-mveliso weenqwelo moya kunye nendawo yendawo kwimidlalo nakwimpahla yabakhenkethi. UKevlar uza kwintengiso ngohlobo lwentambo, intambo, ilaphu, kunye necandelo lezinto ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo . Iindlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwayo zezi:
- Ukuvelisa amathayi oqinileyo;
- Ukwenza intambo yobhedu kunye nefibebeki optic;
- iinkqubo ze-hydrotechnical kunye negesi yeshishini lengcinezelo;
- Itekhnoloji ye-nela kunye nendawo
- okwakhiweyo ngenqanawa;
- ii-prosthetics kunye neemveliso zobuncwane;
- iindlela zokukhusela umkhosi, izakhiwo zamandla, abantu abasebenza kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo;
- I-Sportsfaar kunye nezixhobo.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kungekudala sinokulindela ukuba sobabini siphucule le nto imangalisayo kunye nezinto ezintsha ezisetyenziswayo.