Ukwakhiwa kwendlu yabucala kuqala kuyilo. Le
Inqaku lenzelwe abo banomdla ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokuhlala emthini.
(ukusuka kwi-bar, iilogo, indlu ye-skew).
Njengoko uyazi, ukhuni, ukugqitha kwaye ulungisiwe, utshatyalalisiwe ngokukhawuleza kunezinto zokwakha ezisele.
Kwangelo xesha, inkqubo yokutshabalalisa intshabalalo iqala kwindawo apho umthi ngaxeshanye nxibelelana namanzi (umswakama), umhlaba nomoya. Abo., Endaweni yokuphikisana nesiseko.
Ngokuhambelana, ubume obuchanekileyo besiseko phantsi kwenkuni
Indlu inokubizwa ngokuba sisibambiso somsebenzi omde wesakhiwo.
Isiseko seNdlu yeWoods ngezandla zakho
Isiseko sendlu esenziwe ngomthi - snip, gost, ukulawula
amaxwebhuUkwakhiwa kwesiseko kuqala ngokubala kwaye
Qhelana neemfuno. Phakathi kwamaxwebhu alawula umntu ngamnye
Imiba yolwakhiwo lwabelwa:
- Yiya kwi-13580-85 "5 "iipleyiti zokuqinisekiswa kweziko leTape."
- Snap 3.02.01-87 "Imihlaba yomhlaba, izizathu kunye
Iziseko. "
- Snap 2.02.01-83 "Iziseko zezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo".
- Snap 2.02.03-85 "Iziseko zePile"
- Sp 50-101004 "uyilo kunye nesixhobo seziseko kwaye
Iziseko zezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. "
- Isikhokelo soyilo lwemibala kunye neziseko kwi
Imihlaba yeBunny.
- Eminye imisebenzi yomthetho (yengingqi okanye ezo
Inkxalabo yokuxhalaba kwiindidi ezithile zemihlaba).
Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingcebiso ezinikwe
Izibonelelo kunye nemilinganiselo, kuphela ngamanqaku aphambili achaza iimfuno ze
Inkqubo yokwakha. Kodwa, indlu yabucala ingahluka ngokobukhulu, i-gody,
Izixhobo zokwakha. Ngokuhambelana, ubume besiseko phantsi kwenkuni
INdlu iya kuba neendawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwimeko nganye. Kodwa
Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba isiseko masibe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomhlaba ngama-500 mm.
Isixhobo seSiseko seNdlu
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele izinto ezichaza uhlobo lwesiseko:
- Indawo yeNdlu . Yindawo yokuqala yabo bonke
Uphononongo olulandelayo lwengingqi. Kubalulekile ukuba ungakhali indlu kufutshane namawaffs,
Amachibi apho umhlaba ochumayo khona. Kwaye ngaphambi kwexesha ukuthathela ingqalelo ukubakho kokunxibelelana
Ukunxibelelana (ukuhanjiswa kwegesi, ukuhambisa ulwazi, ukubonelelwa kwamanzi);
- Ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wendlu . Ubunzima bendlu, ngakumbi
I-Makame kufuneka ihlale iqine. Kodwa, kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda kwemigangatho
ikhokelela kumthwalo omkhulu kwisiseko, kodwa ulwando kwindawo yonke yendlu
ayityhaleli loo mfuno, kuba Iyonke umthwalo kwicandelo leyunithi
ukungaguqukanga;
- I-Olsement esekwenziwayo, phantsi komhlaba;
- Indawo yoncedo . Ngezitenxo ezinkulu
Iziseko zohlobo lweribhoni ziya kubandakanya isidingo sokususa ebalulekileyo
ubungakanani bomhlaba;
- Uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nenkunkuma yayo . Iindidi ezintlanu ziyahlula-hlula
Umhlaba. Ukuchonga uhlobo lomhlaba kule ndawo akuyimfuneko ukunxibelelana
Imibutho ekhethekileyo yanele ukuba igcine umhlaba emva kwemvula;
- Umhlaba wodongwe ngokuthe ngcembe ufumana ukufuma, kunye nembalela
igutyungelwe nge-crust.
- I-SnuelinnyH ifumana umswakama ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iya komisa
Kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela.
- Isanti ngokukhawuleza ifunxa umswakama, kwaye unokuqhubeka emsebenzini
Iya kuba phantse emva kwemvula.
- Uhlaza lukhula kakubi kwi-peat
Yenza.
- Umhlaba osekwe kwi-Lime uyakwazi ukukhawulezisa umswakama kwaye
Ihluthwe ngokubonakala komthunzi ongwevu umlilo okhanyayo ngexesha lembalela.
Uhlobo lomhlaba lugqiba ukuqulunqa kwayo;
- Ubunzulu bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba . Ukufuma okungakumbi
emhlabeni, kufutshane nesiseko, okukhulu ngakumbi
ukuba xa ukhulula / ukutshaya umhlaba uya kushenxiswa;
- Ubunzulu bokubekwa komhlaba . Isiseko seSiseko kufuneka
ube ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lokukhutshwa komhlaba;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, ixesha kunye neendleko zomsebenzi . Imiselwe
abaphuhlisi ngokuzimeleyo;
- Uyilo lwe-aesthetics . Ixhomekeke kuye
Ukhetho. Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuqhubeka nokuvalwa kwesiseko seNdlu yeWoodn
Isiseko sisongelayo, udaka kunye d.P. Ikuvumela ukuba ufezekise isiphumo esifunayo.
Inqaku ngesihloko: oonobangela kunye neendlela zokuphelisa ukukhululwa kweendonga
Ukubala kunye nokuphendula kwezi zinto zingasentla kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe
Uhlobo olufunekayo lwesiseko. Sisiphi isiseko sendlu yomthi? Khetha
Inketho ehambelanayo inokwenzeka emva kokuvavanya yonke imiba echazwe apha ngasentla.
Iindidi kunye neentlobo zeziseko zezindlu zomthi
Ubunzima obufutshane beenkuni kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweIindidi ezisisiseko:
- ikhasethi;
- I-Colamumur;
- imfumba;
- I-Slab.
1. Isiseko seRibbon phantsi kwendlu yeWoophu
I-RBBon Foundard yendlu yomthi
Isiseko se-ribbon sesona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo
FUNDA. Inecandelo elinye kuyo yonke i-perimeter. Ububanzi bayo kufuneka
Yiba yi-50 mm. Banzi kunobobubanzi obubaliweyo bobubanzi.
Ababambeleyo kwisiseko sebhanti:
I-ribbon egadekileyo eRibbn. Igalelwe i-perimeter
Izakhiwo kunye neendonga zangaphakathi. Isetyenzisiwe ukuba:
- Umhlaba kule ndawo ubhekisa kudidi lwe-bubbly;
- Ngobunzulu obubalulekileyo bomhlaba;
- Xa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba esebenza kufutshane ne
indawo yomhlaba;
- Phambi kwegumbi elingaphantsi, umgangatho ongaphantsi, igaraji;
- Kwimeko yolwakhiwo olunamacala amaninzi.
I-Wood Bood Ribbon Foundation
Itekhnoloji yokwakha:- Ukumba umgodi. Ubunzulu bobunzulu phantsi kwendlu yehuni
Kufuneka udlule kwinqanaba lomhlaba ukhululwe yi-200 mm. Kwaye ububanzi bulingana
Ububanzi obubaliweyo besiseko, dibanisa i-400-500 mm. ukwenza umsebenzi kunye nokwenza lula emsebenzini;
- Isixhobo sesanti. Ngenxa yesi sizathu
I-cutlery ithulula umaleko womxube onobungqingqwa be-150-200 mm. Ukuqulunqa umxube wayo
Kuya kufuneka ugalele amanzi, kwaye emva koko ucofe. Ukucwangciswa komqamelo kuya kunciphisa
Umthwalo wesiseko phakathi kwamaxesha;
- Ukufakela umsebenzi. Kumphezulu wesiseko
Kuya kufuneka udubule phantsi kwendlela ngaphakathi, kwaye izipikili zibetha ngaphandle. Ezo zinto
Ulwamkelo luya kuba lula ukuphatha umsebenzi.
Inguyen. Ukuze i-formation eyenziweyo isenokuba yeza
Sikucebisa ukuba ukhethe izinto zempahla ukuze ufumaneke kwisiseko sokuqhubeka
iimfuno. Umzekelo, ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-tile yensimbi
Umgangatho wokuphahla, sebenzisa ibhodi yokusika umsebenzi. Ukuba a
I-tumimous tile, emva koko ukhetha iPlywood. Ngaxeshanye kunye ne-iphakathi
Ukusikwa kobuso kufuneka kugcwalise ifilimu. Ke, amaplanga ethuliweyo aya kuba
Sebenzisa isixhobo senkqubo yeRAFT.
- Ukuze i-forkork ayifakwanga phantsi koxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi oyifunayo
Faka izithuba.
- ukubeka izinto ezinqabileyo. Iintonga zensimbi zinokubekwa
Imiqolo emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba ngumsebenzi welding xa ubophelela
Ama-Armarres ayenziwanga. Ukukhawuleza ii-rods ze-rods
ukusebenzisa icingo;
- Phakathi kokuqiniswa kwemibhobho efakiweyo. Bayadingeka
Iirhasi zonxibelelwano kunye nomoya.
- ukugalela ikhonkrithi. Kwangelo xesha, ukuba umsebenzi woluliwe
Iintsuku ezimbalwa, emva koko kwathethwa ngalunye uphawu lwangaphambili. Kwaye ukugcwaliswa kuqhutywa
Indlela "imanzi".
Inqaku lesihloko: Isitayile esisiseko yoyilo lwangaphakathi
Ibalulekile. Emva kwenqanaba ngalinye kufuneka ujonge indawo ethe tyaba
Inqanaba lokwakha.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ekwakheni isakhiwo, kwisiseko
Kufuneka ume iiveki ezininzi. Ngeli xesha, isiseko sinako
Isikwere kwaye siya kuba lixesha lengxaki. Ngaphandle koko, i-shrinkage
Isiseko siza kubandakanya ukuncipha kunye nokusebenza kweendonga.
Enye into kwisiseko se-monolithic sisiseko seBloc. Ngaphakathi
le meko, iibhloko zifakwe kwimiqolo eliqela ukuya kubude obuphakamileyo,
Ihlatywe ngesamente yesamente kwaye iboshwe ngegridi yokuqina.
Isiseko esinebhanti esihle. I-MZF ihlale i
Kukhethwa kuqala xa kukho ukwakha izindlu zomthi. Kuba ubunzima
Indlu yomthi incinci kakhulu isitena.
Ukuphakama kwesiseko esine-monolithic esiphantsi siphakathi
Imida ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-500 mm, isetyenziswe kwiimeko apho ufuna khona
ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakha isiseko, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa
Iimpawu zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza.
Isiseko esingahambelaniyo isetyenziselwa okwethutyana okanye
Ukukhanya kwezakhiwo ezincinci zeplanga.
2. Isiseko sekholamu phantsi kwendlu yeWoodn
Isiseko sekholamu yendlu yomthi
Izixhobo ezilungiselelwe indawo, www.moydomak.net
Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko se-Colclum Buncy kucebisa
Ukusetyenziswa kweebhloko zekhonkrithi, izitena, imibhobho ye-asbestos, gcwalisa ikhonkrithi ngaphakathi
Yenza umsebenzi. Ifakwe kwimihlaba ye-goun onobunzulu obukhulu
I-freezing. Kunye nakwindawo engalinganiyo nasekufundweni kwezindlu apho
Igumbi elingaphantsi alibonelelwanga.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesiseko esinjalo kukuvumela ukuba ufaka indlu
Umhlaba othembekileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi. Iintsika kule meko
Ifakwe kwiindawo eziphambili.
Isixhobo sesiseko phantsi kwendlu yeWoophu
Itekhnoloji yokwakha:
- Chonga indawo yokufakelwa kwezibonda. Umgama phakathi kwabo
Kuxhomekeka kubude beNdlu, kodwa akufuneki ukuba kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1.5-2 m. Kuyanyanzeleka ukuba
Ukufakelwa iikholamu kwiikona zesakhiwo, kunye nendawo yokudibana kunye nokudibana
iindonga;
- inzulu kwintsika ibe phantsi kwenzululwazi ye-50-70 cm. I-PATH PLLIG
Phantsi kwentsika nganye yimfuneko eyimfuneko yesixhobo salo naluphi na uhlobo lweenkxaso.
Ukuba ukwenziwa kweposi kwenzeka kwindawo yokufaka, kufuneka wenze
ukwenza umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo;
IBhunga. Indlela ehamba phambili yokufaka iintsika ziya kuba
Sebenzisa itekhnoloji yeTees. Ibonelela ngokwandiswa kwentsika yenkxaso
ngezantsi. Olu luyilo luhlala luhleli kwaye lunokufakwa kulo naluphi na uhlobo.
Umhlaba (ngaphandle kokudada). Kwaye ufakelo olulula kukuvumela ukuba ukhuphe umsebenzi kwaye wenze
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokutsala.
Isiseko seTees
- Ukuxhobisa umthi okanye i-curling yentsimbi ngaphezulu
Iintsika. Ngenxa yoku, umthwalo wobunzima beNdlu buya kuhanjiswa kwakhona
Phakathi kwenkxaso.
3. Isiseko se-pile sendlu yomthi
I-Pile Found yeNdlu yeWoodn
Izindlu zeplanga kwisiseko se-pile siphakanyiselwa kwimihlaba
Uhlobo olungazinzanga kunye nendawo engalinganiyo. Enye into eyimfuneko
linqanaba eliphezulu okanye elingaphezulu lokutshintsha kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Ukongeza, isiseko se-pile yindlela entle yokunciphisa ulondolozo lweNdlu kwaye
Yonyusa ukuzilolonga kwayo.
Inqaku lesihloko
Inguyen. Olu hlobo lwesiseko alulungelanga isixhobo.
igumbi elingaphantsi. Kodwa, ukongeza, uninzi lweendlela zokuziphatha ziphikisana nesiseko esinjalo
Ifanelekile ukuba igaraji icwangciselwe ngokubanzi nendlu
FUNDA. I-bias enkulu yenza ubunzima ngokufika kwigaraji, ngakumbi xa
Iimeko zemozulu ezimbi.
Itekhnoloji yokugcwalisa yesiseko iyafana
Ichaziwe. Umahluko kukuba kule meko iinkxaso azingasebenzi emhlabeni, kodwa
Gqibezela. Kuba, ipile inesisa esiphelweni esikuvumela ukuba udlule emhlabeni
Ubunzulu bungaphantsi kwenqanaba lokukhulula. Yenza lula umsebenzi kwaye kunciphisa ubunzima kwaye
Ixabiso lokufakwa. Emva koko, ukutyhilelwa ngekhonkrithi.
Inguyen. Kukho amatyala xa umhlaba oqambekeleyo awujongile imfumba,
Ke ngoko, iingcali zincomeza ukubambelela kwicala lakhe. Kuba
Oku kuyakulingana nefilimu okanye umbhobho we-asbestos.
I-Rushwords ifakwe phakathi kwemfumba.
4. Isiseko sePlati phantsi kwendlu yeWood
Isiseko se-Slab yendlu yeWood isetyenziswa apho
Kukho imihlaba entsonkothileyo. Ukuhamba komhlaba onjalo kuyakhutshwa
Ukwenza i-Monolithic ye-Slab yekhonkrithi, elingana nendawo
Ekhaya. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yesitovu kukuba iselfowuni, kwaye ke ngoko indlu
Ayingakhathalelwanga kukuhamba komhlaba phantsi kwawo.
Ukuzaliswa kwesiseko se-Slab kuneendleko kakhulu kwaye kunengxaki
Umsitho oquka la manqanaba:
- Ukumba umgodi. Ukujonga ubungakanani bayo kuya kufuneka tsala
Ukongeza, ubuchule;
- Ilungiselelo le-sushion yesanti;
- ukubeka iziqwenga;
- Ukugalela ikhonkrithi.
Ubunzima obukhethekileyo ekwakhiweni kwe
Isiseko siqinisekisa ukomisa ikhonkrithi ngaphezulu komphezulu wonke
Iipleyiti.
Yintoni ikhonkrithi efunekayo kwisiseko sendlu yomthi
Amaxwebhu aMgangathweni:
- GoST B.2.7-4446-96 "I-CEPEATE".
- GoST B B.7.7-4666 "iisakhiwo zeqela lamaKomanisi".
- Gost B.2.7-65-97 "Isongezelelo sekhonkrithi nolwakhiwo
Izisombululo. "
- Gost B.2.7-69-98 "i-conortives yekhonkrithi. Iindlela zenkcazo. "
Ukuba kufutshane, xa ukhetha isamente kwikhonkrithi ekufuneka uyithathe
Ukunikwa ingqalelo yeempawu zomhlaba, umthwalo oqikelelweyo, uhlobo lwesiseko, ukuphakama
Amanzi asekuhlaleni.
Ngokuphathelele i-qualth brand, emva koko i-Wood-Gatia elinye
Izindlu zingamanqaku afanelekileyo m150. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali ziyacetyiswa ukuba zingagcinwanga kwi-brand
Kwaye ufumane isamente kunye nophawu olungaphantsi kwe-m400. Kwangelo xesha kuya kufuneka unike
Ukukhetha i-portland stengites kunye nezongezo, ezinemfuneko
iipropathi.
Yenza ikhonkrithi ngezandla zakho kwisiseko se-cemed brand m400
Unokukhokela idatha yetafile, apho i-C-cememe, p - i-sand, i-shch-rubble.
Xa uthatha indlu yelizwe okanye i-cottage, i-cottage, kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwi-Scief Forting. Ukuthintela umda wesiseko, inyangwa ngeengoma ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, i-PENETON) okanye kwiifilimu ezisekwe kwi-bit. Ukupheliswa kwamanzi kukuvumela ukuba ukhusele isiseko kumanzi (umhlaba, unyibilike, imvula).
Ukongeza, indawo ezikhukula kufutshane nendlu iyakuvumela ukuba uthathe amanzi kwaye ugcine isiseko. Ukukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo kumswakama kuya kuba kukungabikho kwisiseko sendlu yomthi. Ifakwe
Indlela akhusela ngayo isiseko sokwakha.
I-Outfill kwisiseko sendlu yomthi
Ukuqukumbela
Sinethemba lokuba ulwazi kunye nemiyalelo enikwe kwinqaku
iya kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukubona ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeziseko eziphantsi kwendlu yeplanga zifana
Yenza omnye okanye esinye isiseko sezandla zakho, kwaye ziziphi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa
Khetha.