Inkqubo yophahla yinxalenye yesixhobo sophahla ngaphandle, esixhaswa sisiseko senkxaso. Ibandakanya i-domile kunye nenkqubo yeRAFT. Unxantathu osisiseko senkqubo kufuneka ube yingalo into enzima neyeyona nto iqulathe iindawo ezinamathisela amachiza asezikhepheni.
Iskimu senkqubo yokuqesha yedwa yophahla.
Ezona mpawu ziphambili zenkqubo yenkqubo yokulinganisa
Iindibano eziphambili zokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yohambo yophahla kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. 1. Bathetha ubukho bonyawo lohambo (Mauert-1), unyawo lweRafter (sky gin-2), iiracks (ukuqinisa - 3). Uyilo lwenkqubo yeRAFT yesona sixhobo siphambili sokuphazamiseka kophahla.
Zonke iindawo zophahla ziya kuba namandla awoneleyo, oku kufuneka ngaphandle kwenqanaba elibalulekileyo lomngcipheko olunxulumene nokuwa kophahla. Iziphumo zempazamo ezivunyelweyo xa izinto zokudibanisa zinokuba zezona zingalindelekanga.
Umzobo 1. Ukunyusa indawo esisiseko yenkqubo yenkqubo yophahla: 1 - Mauerlat, 2 - skite Run, 3-Ukuqina.
Ekuqaleni, ufakelo lweerafter kwi-maueerlate phambi kodonga lwezitena. Ii-nodemi ezifanayo zikwabonelelwa ngeebhloko ukusuka kwikhonkrithi, ke kufuneka ukuba zenze i-BetRete yekhonkrithi eqinileyo, kwaye iyimfuneko yokufaka ii-studs kwiyilo. Indawo yabo kufuneka isuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1,5 m omnye komnye, kwaye ububanzi babo bungaphezulu kwe-14 mm. Iphezulu ye-Studs kufuneka ixhotywe ngemiqobo ekhethekileyo.
IMaueerlat iyadinwa, yenza imingxunya eyimfuneko kwizinto ezibonakalayo kuyo. Imingxunya nganye kufuneka ibe nobungakanani obuyidibanisayo kunye nobubanzi be-hairpin, kwaye inyathelo layo kufuneka lihambelane nomgama phakathi kwezinto. Kwisiphelo ngasinye se-proticang yesithende sibeka i-nati kwaye ulibazise, ngenxa yoko amandla onxibelelwano lweMaurolal nodonga kuqinisekisiwe. Qhagamshela iirafrers kunye neMaeert kulandelayo ukuze kungabikho buthathaka kubuchule babo obuphatha.
Inkcazo yophawu oluphambili lokukhulisa inkqubo yeRAFT
Ukuba ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwendlu, ilogo ejikelezwe okanye ibhalwe ibha, ke akukho mfuneko yokwenza ii-romomas. Unxibelelwano lwe-rafter luveliswa kwi-bar ephezulu nokuba kwilog yodonga. Ngale njongo, iikhompawundi ze-Maueert kunye neeRafr zisebenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala (s).
Inqaku lesihloko: Indlela yokwenza i-Wardrobe kwiNdlu yakho ngezandla zakho
Zeziphi izinto ezikhethayo ezi-rafters zentsimbi:
- Iipleyiti.
- I-Adfeners lk.
- Iikona.
- Iibhakethi ze-WW.
- I-Samores.
- Iintlobo zekona yekona yeCR.
- I-Wire Screeds.
- Ukuphakamisa i-ribbon ye-ribbon.
- Iibhotile ngamandongomane.
- Iibhakethi ze-WW.
Iirafti ezinzima.
Ukuba iibrakethi zisetyenziswa xa uqhagamshela ii-rafters ngeMaeert, i-pubs yazo kwiirafti aziveliswanga, ezinceda ukomeleza amandla e-ber. Ngokwesiqhelo ivelisa iibakaki zentsimbi, kwaye isinyithi siyahluthwa kwaye sinobungakanani obukhulu be-0.2 cm. Iibhakethi zomelezwe zizikhonkwane, iibhloko ze-anchor okanye izikrelemnqa.
Ungasebenzisa into yokunyusa i-LK, ukudala iindawo zokuncamathisela kungekuphela nje iirafre kuphela neMauert, kodwa nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenza uyilo lolwakhiwo. I-LK ye-LK yomelezwa emqolo, njengamackethi, kwaye ukhetho luya kuba kukusetyenziswa kweendidi ze-anchor ye-bolts.
Iteyiphu yeteyiphu enesidima efihlakeleyo ikuvumela ukuba uphucule iindawo zokudibanisa xa iinkqubo zophahla zakhiwe. Ayisetyenziswanga nje ukudala iindawo ezomeleleyo ngakumbi, kodwa neyokuqinisa izinto zokuba zisetyenziswe ezongezelelweyo ukuze zikwazi ukunika amandla okuqina okanye amandla enkqubo ewonke. Qinisekisa itheyiphu yokuphakamisa enesikhafu kunye nezikhonkwane, ke isetyenziselwa ukwenzela ukuphucula uyilo lwenkqubo yeereyitha zolunye uhlaselo, ukuthembeka kwendlela engayi kunyhashwa.
Iirafti zeskimu.
Sebenzisa iikona zeRiphabhlikhi yeKyrgyz kunye nohlengahlengiso lwazo ezahlukeneyo, iindawo ezinamathiselwe ukuze zikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokufanelekileyo xa uqhagamshela iMauert kunye neeRafters. Ukuqinisekisa amandla afanelekileyo eendawo zophahla zivumelekile xa zisebenzisa iikona, ezikwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba banyuse iimpawu zoyilo lophahla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokudibanisa ukusuka kwinsimbi akunxulunyaniswa nokufakwa kweembombo kwindawo yophahla. Ayiyi kuba sisizathu sokuthoba amandla enkcitho yenkqubo yokuphahla. Ukusebenzisa iikona zenkampani kunokusetyenziswa ngezikrelem okanye izipikili ezibonisa iindlebe.
Ngaba ii-node ziqokelelana njani kwiNdawo yeSkank?
Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zokungena kwi-skite ye-skite yenkqubo yokuphumla:
- Unxibelelwano lomsebenzi.
- Ukuqina ngokusekwe kwi-skate run.
- I-sking jack vangstest.
Inqaku lesihloko: Amakhethini e-purple kwi-Interrior - umlingo wombala kunye nencasa
Ukwenzela ukubambisa indlela yokuqala, clip icandelo lesikethi kumphetho ophezulu kwikona, efana nekona yophahla lophahla. Emva koko uphumle kwi-rafter efunekayo, emele inyibilike kwi-engile, kodwa isuka kwelinye icala lophahla. Ukunciphisa, iikona ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa itemplate ekhethekileyo.
Izipikili zokuqhagamshelwa ezibhalwe phantsi kweskena kufuneka zibe yi-150 mm nangaphezulu, zifuna iziqwenga ezibini. Isikhonkwane ngasinye sivaliwe kwi-rafters kwinxalenye yabo ephezulu kwikona efanelekileyo. Isiphelo esibukhali sesipikili esikhathini sihlala singena kwindawo yokucoca ukusuka kumacala ahlukileyo. Ukomeleza i-skiate edibeneyo inokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iipleyiti kwinsimbi kwicala okanye kwi-linen ye-Wooden ukuze kwanele ukuyitsalela i-bolts okanye izikhonkwane.
Iskimu sezinto zokukhetha ezenziwe ngogonyamelo.
Unxibelelwano Ngendlela yesibini, oko kukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-ski ibalekayo, inxulunyaniswa nokuqiniswa kwebhanti kwi-skite. Ukubaleka yenye yeebhulukhwe ezixhasayo okanye iibhuluksni, ezigcina i-barter. Ibekwe ngendlela efanayo kwi-skate okanye iMauerlat. Indlela yahlukile kwinyani yokuba kukho umngxunya we-ski phakathi kweengcango ezinqumle kwi-engile, yinkqubo yokuthatha ixesha, ke ngoko le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo.
Indlela ixhaphake kakhulu, efana naleyo, kodwa yahlukile ngendlela yokuthanduka ngumbiyeli, kwaye indlela edibeneyo ayisebenzi. Iirwele kufuneka zinxibelelane neziphelo, kwaye hayi iindawo eziphezulu. Ububanzi benyathelo kufuneka bube bolt okanye i-stud, izikhonkwane. Olu nxibelelwano lusetyenziswa ziinkosi ezininzi ngokuziqhelanisa.
Ngokubanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqokelele iirafter kwi-mameerit ngokwenza izakhiwo zophahla lokuziqesha, ezisisiseko okanye ukusilela. Oku kumisela ukhetho lwendlela ehambelana ne-maleering maeering maleering kunye needrafti, ezinokufana nesikethi.
Ukuphononongwa okusisiseko xa kufakwa indibano yenkqubo yeRAFT
Ingxaki yokukhetha indlela yokuqhutywa kwenkqubo yokulinganisa ukuya kwisakhiwo sesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu xa usenza iindawo zokunyusa. Rhoqo, xa usenza iindawo, iMauerlat isebenza njengenkxaso ye-rafter. Ukuphakanyiswa kweMaerat Bruz kwenziwa "ngokuqinileyo" usebenzisa iibhloko ze-anchor kwinkqubo yoqeqesho.
Inqaku lesihloko: Indlela yokwenza ucingo livela kwi-Slate ngezandla zakho: iinketho zakho: Khetha kunye neempawu zofakelo
Iskimu sokuqhagamshelwa kwe-skate yenkqubo yeRAFT.
Isiphoso esinokubakho sibhanti esizimeleyo sebhanti, esinokukhokelela kwi-piking yemoto ye-mauerti kunye nesiphazamiso sozinzo lwenkqubo yophahla. Uphahla lukhululekile, kwaye uphahla luyityibilika. Ngenxa yokubekwa ngokuphosakeleyo kwee-bolts ze-anchor okanye imingxunya ethethwe ngokuchanekileyo, iNtaba sele ingasebenzi.
Ukuba amandongomane akhutshiwe phantsi kweebhotile, indibano enamathiselo iyabuthathaka kwaye ibonakaliswe kwintshabalalo. Ukwenza i-node yokuncamathisela, i-wiore wity ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa.
Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwenkqubo ye-raftter, ukhuseleko lwemichiza kufuneka lujongwe.
Umzekelo, ukuba uyilo lwe-raft ludityaniswe nokugqobhoza ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo ekwenziweni kwe-Attic Attic, lo ngowona mzuzu uyingozi enokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwale ntshabalalo.
I-Atters ye-Chotter ukuya kwiMauert.
Ukuba ukuqina kuyatshintshwa ukuya kumgangatho ophantsi womgangatho, enzelwe ukugoba, ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kufuneka kube yimpumelelo ngenxa yokulungiswa kwe-rigid kwi-Belt eqinileyo kwi-Beltidity eqinileyo, elungiselelwe ukusebenzisa ifreyimu yokuqiniswa. I-axis yayo kufuneka ihambe kwicala elinye kunye nemikhosi yangoku.
Kwangelo xesha, ubukho beentsilelo kwinkqubo yokwenza inkqubo yeRAFRE, engumntu ophetheyo uyilo lwenkunkuma, ohlala luyenzeka ngenxa yokungaqondi kunye ne-rigel kuyo yonke inkqubo yophahla lonke. Ukuqina kwahlukile kwi-Reigoul ngento yokuba yinto ende, kwaye i-beam yibhedi enqamlezayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yeRAFT kunxulunyaniswa nokuyilwa kwenkqubo yenkqubo yokusebenza kwezinto eziphantsi kwamazantsi eenqwelomoya, kodwa kuyenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo yendlela yayo, kodwa nomthwalo owela kwimbonakalo yomgca zeenqwelomoya, ezimele ziphazamise umququ webhinqa elinqamlezayo, oko kukuqinileyo.
Ukuqalisa ngesixhobo sophahla, kufuneka ufumanise onke amaxesha ahambelana nesabelo seempazamo ezithile ezenzekayo xa usenza umsebenzi kwifowuni yenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo. Uphahla lwefowuni lunxulunyaniswa nobunzima obufanelekileyo kunye nokusilela kokungavumeli ukufezekisa injongo.