Ukuseta iirafti, kunye nokudalwa kophahla olupheleleyo, inkqubo enoxanduva. Ukuthathela ingqalelo inyani yokuba isiseko seengcambu sinokufakwa eludongeni sisebenzisa izixhobo ezingenisiweyo zokuphakamisa, umsebenzi olandelayo kwindalo, equka kwaye ifakelwe ngaphandle kwesixhobo sehlathi. Amahlathi asetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa izixhobo zokuphakama okufunekayo, ukongeza, banokusetyenziswa njengendawo yomsebenzi womntu kunye nendawo yokubeka izinto zokwakha.
Isixhobo senkqubo yeRAFT.
Ukulungiswa kwamahlathi kunye nokukhokelela
Ukufakelwa iirafti ngezandla zakho kunokubonakala ngathi zinzima kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ulandela zonke iingcebiso kwaye uzinze ngokuchanekileyo, inkqubo iza kuba nomtsalane. Ukuba uyakha indlu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amahlathi e-3, nangayiphi na imeko, inombolo yabo ayifanelanga ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-2. Ukusebenza kungcono ukwenza amahlathi ahambahambayo, njengoko bekhululekile kakhulu. Ukufakwa kweRafter kufuneka kuqale kuphela emva kwayo yonke imiba yezokhuseleko kusonjululwe, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kungayikhathaleli, kuba impilo ibaluleke ngakumbi kunesantya sokwakha.
Iindidi zeenkqubo zeRafter.
Ukuba akukho donga langaphakathi enkundleni, ke akukho nkxaso yongezelelweyo, kwaye imilenze yesakhiwo ijongwa kuphela kwiindonga zangaphandle zendlu, kwimeko apho kufuneka usebenzise iirafti.
Yintoni i-rafters? Iguqulelwe kuLwimi lwakudala lwaseRussia yindlela yokuxhasa uphahla lwe-dupplex. Kwaye imilenze yerali ityekele, i-rod yophahla eyenziwayo. Imilenze etyibilikayo ihlala iqhagamshelwe "ngamakhulu" okanye "amagqabantshintshi", olwenziwe nkqo. Ukuqina yibar ethe tyaba, kunye noncedo lwayo iinyawo zayo ziqhagamshelwe.
Iintlobo zesityalo sokwakha
Izakhiwo zophahla, njengommiselo, zinamacandelo alandelayo:
Izikimu zesithole kunye nesicelo sabo.
- Ukuqulunqwa kwethambeka kusebenzisa imilenze ebhaliweyo.
- Ukudluliselwa kwenxalenye yomthwalo-iikholamu okanye i-backup zangaphakathi.
- Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenziweyo (iimpompo, ukuvezwa) ezenza imisebenzi efanayo nerakhi.
- Izinto ezibambelele kumhlobo wemilenze emile. Ngokwesiqhelo, imida yeglasi isetyenziselwa oku.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iingcamango ezilungile zoyilo lwegumbi lokuhlala nendawo yomlilo kunye neTV
Unxantathu yeyona fama iphambili kwifama yeRafter. Le uyilo luyeyona nto iphambili.
Ngaphandle kokubumba okuninzi kophahla, iindidi ezimbini zomatshini wesixhobo zihlala zisetyenziswa:
- Inkqubo ye-Sloper;
- Faka iirafti.
Umzobo 1. Ukufakwa kwemali okranyiweyo.
Imeko yokuqala isetyenziswa phantsi kwemeko yobukho bolwakhiwo lokwakha izinto ezithengiswayo zangaphakathi. Kwangelo xesha, imilenze ye-raft igxininiswa kuphela kwiindonga zangaphandle, kodwa nakwiikholamu zangaphakathi okanye inkxaso. Ukudluliselwa komthwalo, kusetyenziswa iiracks. Umzobo 1 ibonisa ikhrayitheriya ye-rafters.
Ukuyilwa koyilo lujolise kuphela kwiindonga zangaphandle, kwaye kwisiketi, iirafti zisekwe kwelinye. Ukuxhoma ii-rafters zisetyenziswa ngokungabikho kweenkxaso eziphakathi, ububanzi besistati bungaphantsi kwe-12 m. Inqaku loyilo sisikhundla esiphezulu somthwalo we-spacer, ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa ukuqiniswa okukhethekileyo. Imilenze yenkqubo yeRAFT kufuneka yomelezwe isebenzisa imoto engaphantsi, eya kuthi inciphise uxinzelelo kwiindonga ezinodonga.
Iindonga ezenziwe ngesitena okanye ilitye lifuna ukufakelwa kweMauelalat. I-Maueert yibar yomthi, edla ngokuba necandelo le-150x150 mm kwaye lilungisiwe kunye nezifundo ezizodwa. Ezi ziqwenga kufuneka zingene eludongeni. Ngaphantsi kweMarylalet, umaleko we-flaide ubeka.
Ukufakwa kwezinto ezixhonyiweyo kwi-maleeers uyenze ngokwakho: Inyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo
Ezi zixhobo zilandelayo ziya kufuneka emsebenzini:
Iskimu kunye nokufakwa kwezinto ezixhonyiweyo.
- i-ax;
- isando;
- isitshetshe sezinto ezichanekileyo;
- ipensile;
- plub;
- roulette;
- inqanaba lokwakha.
Ukufaka i-rafter, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha iplanga, ubude bayo buza kuba yi-6 m, kwaye icandelo elinqamlezileyo lingama-50x200 mm. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba ngequbuliso icandelo lomnqamlezo lincinci, emva kwexesha, uyilo olunjalo lungasindiswa. Ngokusekwe kwimeko echazwe apha ngasentla, eluphahleni lwesilayidi, oko kukuthi, kufanele ukuba kube ngama-33 º. I-rapter elandelayo yofakelo yile, ukusebenzisa amahlathi, kuya kufuneka ukhulise amaplanga ama-2 kwaye ubanxibelelanise kwigumbi eliphezulu.
Inqaku ngesihloko: Kulungile ukwenza uphahla
Le misebenzi ilandelayo yenziwe:
Amaqhina amabala amabala.
- Kwiinyawo zereyitha kufuneka "ubetha isithende" ngale ndlela ilandelayo, kangangokuba i-Marofter ikhulule kakuhle.
- Ngomqolo olandelayo, kufuneka wenze okufanayo. Kuya kuba mnandi ukuba imilenze yeruf imilenze iya kubizwa njenge "ngasekhohlo" kunye "nenyani".
- Emva kokwenza le misebenzi, imilenze ye-raft kufuneka iqhagamshelwe.
- Emva koko, kwindawo apho imilenze yoyiso ixhunyiwe, kufuneka wenze nge-angle efanelekileyo ye "Pebc", ukuze i-penc "yepeyinti", ukuze ifumane iirafti ephezulu ngaphandle kokungena kwi-petitions, kwaye ibotshwe ngezikhonkwane. Le ndlela ayinakuthenjwa, kuba iireyitha ziyayigqiba.
- Ukuphumeza ngokufanelekileyo "i-hemp", kuyimfuneko ukuba ekuqaleni ahlanganisene enye rafter uye kwenye, emva koko uzobe umgca wokunxibelelana wazo (oku unokusebenzisa ipensile) emva koko unqunyulwe.
- Ukulungiselela ukwakha izinto emhlabeni, kufuneka ulinganise kwaye wenze iitemplate ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
- Ukwenzile yonke imisebenzi, qala ufakelo lomqolo wokuqala kwi-flogonone enye, kwaye emva kwenye. Sebenzisa izikhonkwane, yenza ukuba uvalelwe kwiMauerlat.
- Izibini ezilandelayo zeenyawo zenyawo zilungisiwe kwiitemplate ezenziwe emhlabeni;
- Emva koko kuya kufuneka utsala intambo phakathi kwababini abasele benziwe abahluthayo kwaye baqhubeke ekufakweni kwazo zonke iirafti ezisele.
- Umgama apho kufakwe khona iirali yi-70 cm. Ewe, enyanisweni, inokuba ngaphakathi kwe-68-73 cm ukusuka komnye komnye. Oku kuthathwa njengomgama ofanelekileyo kuphahla, njengoko kunokuthenjwa, kwaye umgama ophakathi kweenyawo ziya kuba lula kwixesha elizayo xa utsala ifilimu.
- Ngezi njongo, kuyimfuneko ekuqaleni kwenza uphawu lweMaurolalat, kwaye emva koko kutyalwe ukufaka iirafti.
- Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uhlengahlengiso kufuneka luhlale luqhutywa ngoncedo lwentambo, oluzithobelayo phakathi kweedrafti, xa kufanelekile, kuya kuba nakho ukuhlengahlengisa ubude bemilenze emile. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka ubeke iplanga elincinci phantsi kweenyawo zakho.
- Uhlengahlengiso emazantsi kububanzi, obufumaneka phakathi kweengcakatho ezimbini, zenziwa ngokomakisha okhethekileyo kwiMauerlate. Ngokuphathelele kwinxalenye ephezulu, uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa usebenzisa ibhodi yethutyana kunye nophawu olufanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kokuba kufakwe i-rafters nganye, eqongeni ukuya ekhohlo nasekunene, iBhodi ithe yafakwa kwimakishi esele yenziwe nguMarylalet.
- Kwityala elichaziweyo, iirawtha zokuxhoma ziya kufuneka zidityaniswe ne-bar ethe tye, oko kukuqinileyo, ngenxa yomgama omkhulu phakathi kweendonga ezixhasayo. Kufanelekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwinto yokuba ekuqaleni izibini zeRafter zaxhunyiwe yibhodi ethe tyaba kwindawo yesikethi, esenza i-ski fat.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iimfama zeGazevo: Izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokunyuka
Ufakelo lophahla oluphindiweyo.
Kwimeko apho kuthathelwa ingqalelo, ngenxa yomgama omde phakathi kodonga oluphathwayo, apho ububanzi bendlu ngokwayo bumalunga ne-11 m, ukuqiniswa kungayi kuba yi-bar enye, kwaye kwiibhodi ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo. Ukuqiniswa okuqinisekileyo okwenziwe ngeeplanga ezininzi kuya kunceda ukusombulula imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye:
- Ngenxa yoko, kuvela ukuqiniswa kobude obufunayo:
- Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amandla kunye nokuthembeka kokuqiniswa okwenziwe ngeebhodi ezi-3 ngobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-60 mm kunqabile kunokuba yigusha enye nge-60 mm.
Uphahla olusemgangathweni oluphezulu: qinisa phezulu
Ngobude obufunekayo, iibhodi ze-4 nelesi-6 zanqunyulwa, emva koko zazibopha ngezipikili, zankqonkqoza izikhonkwane kwaye zihamba ngemilenze enemilenze ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaphantsi kolawulo oluqhubekayo, kufuneka ugcine umgama ophakathi kwabaqaqambileyo. Kufanele ukuba iyafana nenyani yokuba phakathi kwelegqwitha.
Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nomgubo omxinwa, njengakwimeko yokulawula umgama oziphethe kakuhle kwisiketi, esiphawulwe kwaye sihambelana nomqondiso osetyenzisiweyo kwi-faruper. Kuya kufuneka ugcine ulawulo lomgama!
Ukongeza kuyo yonke le nto, ukuqina kunye nehashe kwaqhagamshelwa kwenye ibhodi yokuqala. Ukujonga inyani yokuba udonga oluhlala lungekho, ukuqonda kuya kusenza inkqubela phambili, kungabi kukungamelana nobunzima bayo. Ukwenzela ukuphepha ezona ngxaki, ukuqinana kunye nesitokhwe se-skreate ye-raftter uqhagamshelwe "ngumakhulu". Zonke iintshukumo ezichazwe apha ngasentla kufuneka zenziwe ngesibini ngasinye esikhawulezayo.