Ukugcwalisa umgangatho ngekhonkrithi yenye yezona zigaba zibalulekileyo zokwakhiwa kweNdlu, kuba umgangatho kufuneka ulungelelanise imithwalo emide, kwaye okungcono kuhlangabezana nomsebenzi wawo ophambili, amandla awo aphezulu. Ukongeza, ukuzaliswa komgangatho ophezulu kumgangatho kunye nezandla zabo kulungiselela umphezulu wokugqiba ukugqiba iingubo.
I-Primerity yenkqubo yomhlaba.
Isiseko esenziwe kakuhle siyenza ukuba sikwazi ukufikelela kwisiphumo sokugqibela senkcitho encinci, ukongeza, umgangatho ongaphezulu awuyi kufuna ukulungiswa kweminyaka emide. Ungazigalela njani umgangatho ngokwakho ukuze isetyenziselwe ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kwimigangatho efudumeleyo, iithayile ze-ceramic, kumgangatho wamanzi, plywood okanye linoleum?
Ukulungiselela ukungqinelana komhlaba
Ekwakhiweni komgangatho wekhonkrithi ngezandla zabo kukho ubunzima, kodwa nabo phantsi kwamandla okuhlangabezana nomntu wonke. Owona msindo uphambili akanxulunyaniswa nokulungiswa kwesisombululo, kodwa ngemfuneko yokuba ulungiselele umthambo, nokuba ulungiselele umphezulu womphezulu. Ivela kumgangatho womsebenzi kwinqanaba lokulungiselela, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwindlela umgangatho oza kukhokelela ngayo kwisiphumo. Kufuneka nje ukuthobela itekhnoloji.Amanqanaba aphambili omsebenzi
Xa usakha indlu entsha, imigangatho ihlala igalelwa ngqo emhlabeni. Akukho nto imangalisayo ngexesha lokusebenza kwamanqanaba aza kuvela abo bangazami ukwenza lula inkqubo kwaye balandele izindululo:
Iskimu sokutywina, ukukhula kunye nokugaya komgangatho wekhonkrithi.
- umhlaba olungisiweyo;
- ukubonelela ngamanzi ufofing;
- Beka i-irulator yasebusweni;
- itshise isiseko;
- Yenza ngokufanelekileyo inqwelomoya ngokuthe tyaba ngenxa yokutsiba.
Ulungiselelo lomhlaba lo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukususa umaleko ongaphezulu;
- Itywina lomphezulu;
- .
Wena uyakwazi ukugqiba ukuba ngowuphi ubunzulu bomhlaba ophezulu womhlaba (iingcali zicebisa ukuba ususe ubungqingqwa kwifosholo, kodwa imeko yomhlaba kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo inomahluko ohlukeneyo). Kamsinya nje ukuba ufumene ungqimba omkhulu, ndiza kuyifumana ukongeza. Emva koko ungaze ndiphalaze udongwe kwaye ndingcolile. Lo mthetho uza kudala amanzi ongezelelweyo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Indlela yokwenza impahla eluhlaza apho ibekwe khona kwaye indlela yokukhathalela izityalo
Ngendlela, ukuzalisa komgangatho wekhonkrithi emhlabeni akucetyiswa kwiindawo ezishushu. Ukongeza, amanzi achaphazelekayo makahlukane nobume obungasondeliyo kune-4-5 yeemitha. Inye imeko engakumbi yokwenza isiseko esiphezulu senqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ikhutshiwe - ezithe tyaba zomhlaba ngaphantsi azivumelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, xa ugalela ikhonkrithi ngaphakathi kwesiseko seribbn, akunakukhathazeka ngayo.
Ungayenza njani ingeniso?
Ukumakisha umgangatho we-laseSel.
Emva kokulahlwa komhlaba, umaleko wegrabile inobunzima obuyi-10 cm. Igravel inkcenkceshela ngamanzi kwaye idityanisiwe. Ungqimba lwentlabathi olwenziweyo olufanayo luphalalisiwe kuyo. Kuyinto enkulu kwaye ityhuwe (yale ungasebenzisa i-log enentambo kunye neqhina elibekiweyo kuyo). Umaleko wokugqibela wezinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba ziya kuba yinkunkuma. Umaleko wayo kwi-10 cm ilahlekile, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umphezulu we-subsofting uye wonakalisa i-suonese (i-rubble inokonakalisa i-melraofer ye-terproofer).
Intlabathi (kwicala elincinci) liphindaphindeke ngalo lonke ilitye elatyumkileyo, kwaye ukubuzwa ekugqibeleni kuyabanjwa. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulawule ngokuthe tyaba kwi-submer nganye ye-submet yokufaka usebenzisa inqanaba lezinto okanye isiseko somgca. Kufanelekile ukongeza ukuba ngesiseko setyhefu ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-35 cm ukusuka kwinqanaba lomhlaba) kumjikelezo, emva kokususwa komhlaba, kuphela kwesanti egutyungelwe kunye nesanti.
Ukubeka i-bodwation kunye nokuqiniswa
Ngoku i-membrane yokufaka amanzi ifakwe kungeniso. Njenge-waterprooferfer, ungafaka izixhobo zeRoller ngokusekwe kwi-bitumen okanye i-pelylethylene. I-inletlet ye-incletor ye-insulator ezindongeni kufuneka idlule kubungqingqwa bomgangatho wekhonkrithi (emva kokugcwalisa i-BOSTE ngokugqithisileyo).
I-WaterproOfer ilungiswe eludongeni lweScotch. Onke amaphepha ezinto ezibonakalayo kufuneka abekwe kwindlwana ye-15 cm. Lonke uqhagamshelo luhamba ngeribhoni. Imiphetho yerabhasi kunye nezinto ezifana nazo ziqwalaselwa yi-bitumen mastic.
Ewe, ukuba umgangatho uxhotywe ngokufakelwa okuthembekileyo. Kule nqanaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-clamzite, ekufuneka isasazwe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwendawo ye-compact, okanye izinto ezirhangqiweyo (i-folystyrene eyandisiweyo).
Inqaku lesihloko: Amaphepha omhlaba wegumbi lokuhlambela: Iifoto, uphononongo, umswakama onganyangekiyo, ongenakuhleba, uzihlambele, kunokwenzeka ukuba uchithe iphepha lokuhlambela, ividiyo i-primer
Inkqubo yokuqiniswa komgangatho.
Iipleyiti zibhetele kwi-odolo ye-checker ukuze udibaniso phakathi kweephaneli kwimigca engummelwane ayihambelani. Ukungqinelana okuphakathi okuphezulu kuya kubonelelwa ukuba iiphaneli ziya kujoyina enye i-densern. Lonke unxibelelwano kufuneka lugcinwe kwiRibbon.
Abo bagcwalisa ngezandla zikaPaul ngezandla zabo, ngakumbi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, kwaye bahlala bengayiphuli kuyilo, beyinceda kakhulu ukuyigcina imithwalo ephezulu kwaye bawahambisa ngokulinganayo. U-Armare wenza umgangatho kwi-monolithium enkulu kwaye ithintele ukumiswa kwemifuno.
Ukuqiniswa, unokusebenzisa iitshiphu ezivela kwiintonga zobuncinci obu-5 mm ubukhulu. Umyinge wokugqibela kwiiseli zegridi yi-100x100 mm. Ukubeka izinto ezilungele ubukhulu obukhulu kunokuphucula iimpawu ze-carries ze-overlap.
Ifanele ukhunjulwe ukuba ukuqiniswa kokuqinisa i-lattle akufuneki kubekwe ngqo kwisiseko sekhonkrithi (kule meko, ukuqiniswa kukuphulukana nayo nayiphi na intsingiselo), kwaye ivela kwi-istator emde.
Kungcono ukuba ukuqiniswa kwenterridey ifunyenwe kwikhonkrithi ye-1/4 okanye i-2/3 yobungqingqwa bokutsala.
Igridi inokuphakanyiswa ngaphezulu kwesiseko kunye neenkxaso ezikhethekileyo, i-lining phantsi kwezinto ze-fittings, gypsum okanye i-perlete "ipelethi".
Ukwakhiwa kwendiza yomgangatho kunye nokufakelwa kweprofayili
Ukufakwa kwezibane ze-tickhous zobopha.
Kumgangatho uphume ngokuthe tye, kubalulekile ukwakha inqwelomoya apho kuya kuzaliswa khona. Ukuyila, uya kudinga:
- inqanaba lamanzi;
- Intambo yokhimayo;
- iqhekeza le-chark;
- roulette;
- Amachaphaza-izipikili;
- Imisonto yokwenziwa;
- Iiprofayili zokukhanya;
- Gypsim, i-Alabaster okanye udaka lokuthambisa.
Inkqubo yokwenza inqwelomoya imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Kwenye yeekona, kwi-1 m ukusuka kumgangatho, uphawu lwenziwe kwi-chalk.
- Enye inqaku lisetyenziswa kudonga olufanayo kwenye ikona.
- Phakathi kwamanqaku aphethwe yi-chalk cord. Yirhola kancinci eludongeni kwaye ukhuphele, unokufumana umgca owodwa owodwa kumphezulu wayo.
- Umsebenzi uphinda-phinde kwezinye iindonga.
- Ekuphakameni komgangatho womgangatho wexesha elizayo kukho inqaku.
- Ilinganiswe kuwo ukuya kumgca osetyenzisiweyo.
- Ngokwendlela ehambelana nayo, iphawula umda wegumbi.
- Kukho imigca ethe tyaba phakathi kwamanqaku.
- Kunye nabo, idodewel-nepile yepile iqhutywa eludongeni.
- Le yimigca eboshwe ngamanqaku etsalwa phakathi kodonga olunye.
Inqaku lesihloko: Itafile ephezulu ye-plasterboard kwigumbi lokuhlambela - ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye intle
Iskimu sokuzalisa ikhonkrithi.
Indiza ilungile. Iiprofayili zifakiwe ngoku. Bafanele ukuba bathunyelwe kudonga olwalusinye ukuya ekungeneni kwegumbi. Iiprofayili zinyibilikisiwe ngeoyile okanye ezinye iingoma zokucoca kwaye zabeka "iikeyiki" ukusuka kudaka okanye ikhonkrithi. Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo kwee-becon kukhangelwa imisonto.
Ukuba kukho imfuneko, iprofayili icinezelwe kwi-gypsum lining, kwaye ukuba ayifikeleli kwintambo, udaka okanye ikhonkrithi isekwe phantsi kwayo. Umgama phakathi kwezilayidi ukusuka kwisisombululo yi-25-30 cm. Iindlela zokuqala nezokugqibela zibekwe kwi-15 cm ukusuka eludongeni. Umgama phakathi kokuphela kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-20 cm ngaphantsi kobude bomgaqo. Ukuphawula ikhonkrithi kunokuqaliswa kuphela emva kokuba iinkxaso phantsi kweebhokhwe.
Ukugalela ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi.
Iskimu shresing.
Ngaphambi kokuba ihlelwe eludongeni, kubekwe iribhoni engumanzi, ububanzi obunxibelelene nobungqindili bekhonkrithi. Ukuthulula kuqala ukude ekungeneni kweendonga zodonga. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba indawo yonke yegumbi ikhutshelwa ngaphandle kokwamkelwa. Ikhonkrithi ibekwe phakathi kwefosholo ye-beacons.
Ngokufanelekileyo, isisombululo kufuneka sitywine ivibratha, kodwa ekhaya ukususwa kwamaqamza omoya ukusuka kwisisombululo kwenziwa yifosholo enye (kuyakhumbuza ukusika intlama). Emva koko ikhonkrithi ikhutshiwe ngumgaqo, oqhutywa ziiprofayili ukusuka kudonga olude ukuya emnyango.
Ngokukhawuleza xa ikhonkrithi ityhutywe kancinci, kufuneka ususe amakhafu (ukuba ayiyo i-aluminium okanye intsimbi ye-gamunium) ukuze amabala e-rusty aqaqanjelwe kamva kumgangatho womgangatho. Izithuba ezikhutshelweyo zikhwela ngesisombululo kunye nesiqingatha seSpatula kunye nesiqingatha seSpash. Ngexesha leqabaka, iintsuku ezingama-3-4 ezingamanzi zimanzi ngamanzi. Ikhonkrithi iya kukhupha ngokupheleleyo iiveki ezi-4. Kwiveki yokuqala emva kokugcwaliswa, kufuneka ifakwe ifakwe ifilimu yeplastiki.
Ukugalelwa isisombululo kumgangatho wekhonkrithi kwenziwa ngaphandle kwe-submetate yangaphambili, kodwa ngokuhlambulula okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwesiseko. Ukubeka i-hydro kunye nokufakwa kwe-thermal kuyinto eyimfuneko kumsebenzi osemgangathweni ophezulu.