Ukwakha indlu kwisitena esinye kwimozulu yethu ayisiyiyo eyona nto ilungileyo: iphezulu kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakhe ngenxa yokuba iindonga zikukhulu. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengesixhobo sokugqiba sele kufanelekile kuqoqosho: I-lineng yeNdlu kunye nezitena, kunye nokufakelwa okufanelekileyo, kuya kunceda ukusindisa "imali". Ukuba iindonga zigxothwa kwibhloko ye-filbalt okanye ezinye izibane kunye neebhloko zokwakhiwo ezifudumeleyo, ke ukugqiba oko kuya kuba yindawo yomoya. Bajongene nezitena kunye nezindlu zomthi, kodwa kule meko kukho izinto zayo: Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukupheliswa kweenkuni, kungenjalo - i-fungus, i-fungus kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lokugqiba.
Sisiphi isitena esiya kuzisebenzisa
Ukujongana nezitena kukhutshwa ziitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso:
- I-ceramic. Kuzo zonke izinto zokugqiba, yeyona inzima kakhulu. I-Mines ungabiza i-hygroscoficiccoficicy: 6-15% kuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji kunye ne-batch. Kwi-pores yamanzi ngexesha lokukhululeka ekwandisiweyo, eyenza intshabalalo, isitena siqala ukugcuma. Nditsho nokugqitywa okhethekileyo, apho iibhedi ezikwimibandela (icandelo eliphuma lingaphandle) likhuselwe ngokuthe ngqo. Phuma-emva kokubeka idyasi enodonga olunomkhenkce we-hydrophobic. Kuphela yile nto ingenzi ifilimu ye-steamproofproof. Xa ukhetha, nikela ingqalelo koku: Ukufuma kakhulu umswakama kufuneka kuphume. Ukunganyangeki kwe-rost ye-ceramic ejongene nezitekethe ezingama-255 (mangaphi amaxesha ayidlulisela ubungakanani / ukukhululeka ngaphandle kweempawu ziba mandundu iimpawu). Isalathiso esiphezulu, liphezulu ixabiso. Icacisiwe ziindleko ezinkulu kwimveliso.
I-ceramic ejongene nesitena ayinamgangatho wobuso obugudileyo. Kukho izithunzi ezahlukeneyo ezivumela iipateni zangasendi.
- I-hyperpressive okanye ukulungisa ingxaki. Olu hlobo lokujongana nezitena alufumaneki kwiziqhamo, kodwa ngokucinezela. Ukuqulunqwa kwayo akusekho udongwe, kodwa ikalika kunye neefilimu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala. Ithuba lokusebenzisa ii-pigments likuvumela ukuba ufumane i-garut yombala obanzi. Umphezulu wobuso uhlala uhlala ungowamdaka, uxelisa ilitye lasendle. Ijongeka ihombise. Kodwa ukungabinamali kwasoyikisa ukusombulula: Umphezulu ongalinganiyo, amanzi anqamle kakhulu kwiipores, ikhulula kwiqabaka. Iphathwa kunye nakwimeko ye-ceramics: ukuvela kwe-hydrophobic. Ukunganyangeki kwe-rost ye-bite ephezulu ye-bick kubhengezwe ngabavelisi kwimijikelezo engama-75 ukuya kwengama-150.
I-hyperped okanye i-bimpy gqiba isitena se-bite sijongeka kwi-Wall Ukuhlonima
- Icwerher. Esi sitena sikwiipheyaratic, kodwa itekhnoloji ekhethekileyo inika amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye noxinano. Izixhobo ezingaphezulu kwe-denser zisiba mandundu kakhulu. Ukusebenza, oku kulungile, kodwa xa ibeka ikhokelela kubunzima: Ukuze udongwe 'udada "ukubeka kwisisombululo esinzima, kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukusebenza nayo. Enye i-thabatha, ukunciphisa ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezibonakalayo: xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zangaphambili, kuyabiza: amaxabiso yi-50-150% ephezulu ngokuxhomekeke kumenzi. Ukuxhathisa i-rost yeClecker-ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-150 imijikelezo. I-crecker liine kwi-Brick yaseKhaya-Iyonwabisa ayibizi, kodwa eyona inomdla ngayo.
Isitena seqhinga esiphakamileyo seqhinga likuvumela ukuba wenze izinto zokuhombisa ze-nonline xa uvala
- I-Silicate. Ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa kunye neyona "spare ecime kakhulu" yokujongana nezitena: Ukunganyangeki kweqanda-5-50-50. Kungcono ukuchitha ifudumele. Ayininzi, kodwa okwangoku: Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-ceramic 0,16, i-SIELCE 0.18. Ukongeza, inzima: Ngokomgangatho wobunzima be-ceramics 2.4 kg, isilwanyana esilingana ne-3 kg. Ubunzima obuncinci bufuna isiseko esinamandla kunye ne-winnings ngexabiso (i-Silnicope) ayikho kangako. Ukuba sicinga ukuba indleko yokuhlobina iya kuba nkulu, ke into engathandekiyo iphela. Gubungela indlu yezitena zesilivere kuyacetyiswa ukuba imimandla efudumeleyo. Emantla kuMantla ayinakufumaneka.
Ukujamelana nekhaya ukusuka kwisitephu se-silicate yeyona nto ingabizi kakhulu, kodwa ngelishwa, eyona nto idlulileyo
Khetha uhlobo lwezitena- hayi zonke. Kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kubungakanani kunye nemingxunya yemingxunya. Ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwesitena akuqhelekanga: kuyabiza kakhulu, kunzima ngakumbi. Ngokomyinge ongumndilili ongena kwi-28%, kodwa inkulu kwaye incinci. Ngeempawu ezilinganayo, zinike ukhetho kwizitena ezinemingxunya emincinci: Isisombululo asiyi kuwa kuzo. Oku kuya kunciphisa inqanaba lokuhamba kwesisombululo se-masry, kunye namandla okubamba kuya kukhula.
Ukuba indlu inikezelwa ngendlu nge-qrick ye-hypercaschas, ivelisiwe akufuneki ibekho kwangekafike kwiintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezi-20 ezidlulileyo. Ngeli xesha, ufumana amandla asisiseko (malunga ne-80%) kwaye inokuhanjiswa kwaye ilayishwe ngaphandle koloyiko.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa ugcinwe kwi-seckings yephaketha akufuneki awe amanzi. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba bahlanganisana ukuba ahambe ebusika.
Ukuma ekhaya i-teding ichazwe apha.
Ungayigubungela indlela yokugubungela indlu (iBruce, Ngena, i-skeleton) isitena
Uninzi lobunzima luvela xa ufezekisa isitena sendlu se-Wood: Iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezinto, akukho lula ukwenza i-bundle elungileyo. Yonke imfihlakalo apha yimfuno yomqala we-ventilation phakathi kokujamelana nomaleko, okuqhelekileyo kuthintela eludongeni lomthi. I-insubunt yomoya ye-membrane yeshushu ibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-inshunse. Imeko enyanzelekileyo-kufuneka i-vapor-metfied (iZosan A, Izospides a, taicangezele sd, njl.). Kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo kwigumbi kuya kubakho umswakama oqhelekileyo kunye nokubola ijikeleze i-fungus kunye nefungus phakathi kokujamelana nodonga lomthi.
Endaweni yokungcungcuthekiswa komoya, ungawukhusela umhlaba wokufakwa kwe-fiberglass okanye itreyiji yeglasi. Ngobukhulu obaneleyo beendonga zenkuni, umaleko wokuntywila okhuselweyo awusekho, i-inshulensi yomoya kunye neyonke.
Ungayibeka njani indlu ngezitena ezinezandla zakho: Ukujongana nesixhobo
Ukucaciswa kwe-ventilation kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-60 mm. Itlula ukusuka ezantsi eludongeni - iqala emva kwesiseko - nangaphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya kumqolo wokuqala, iimveliso ze-ventilation zenziwa ngowuphi umoya. Phantsi kophahla kwinxalenye yeCornice ilungiselele imingxunya yokuphuma. Isikwere seVentorcery 75 cm2 kwiindonga ezingama-20 m2. Ukuveliswa kumqolo ongezantsi kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- faka isitena ecaleni kwemingxunya;
- Ngokuyinxenye ukuzaliswa kwe-STAMS SEAMS ngesisombululo (xa ibeka isisombululo ukubeka umgca, emva koko uyikhuphe);
- Yenza imingxunya emibini okanye emithathu kwaye ufake i-grilleles.
Malunga nokufakwa kokusetyenziswa. Eyona ndlela yamkelekileyo inoboya obunemineral kwi-Mats okanye iirowu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-foam okanye i-polystyrene foam ayifanelekanga: Abaqhubi mphum. Oku kuyakukhokelela kwinto yokuba iinkuni ziya kujikelezwa, kwaye kwizakhiwo umswakama uya kuba ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo.
Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo: Ukusebenza kweNdlu yeWoods enezitena kuphela emva kokuba i-shrinkige ephambili yokusikwa iya kubanjwa. Kwaye oku ubuncinci i-1.5-20. Ngale ndlela, kulula ukuba nezindlu ezindala zomthi: zihambile iinkqubo eziphambili.
Malunga nolunye ukhetho ngaphandle kokugqiba ekhaya funda apha.
I-plubes kunye ne-SID ye-Woods egquma nge-brick
Indibaniselwano yahluke ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iimpawu zezixhobo - imeko inzima kwaye iguqukile ngokupheleleyo. Ukusuka kumaxesha amnandi onokwazisa:
- Inciphile ingozi yomlilo.
- Ukunciphisa iindleko zokufudumeza.
- Iinkuni zikhuselwe ekunxibelelaneni ngqo ne-themospic pucimity.
Kwimeko, isitena esijongene nodonga lweebhulethi likhangeleka ngolu hlobo.
Amaxesha amabi:
- Xa kukhangela izindlu kwi-microclimo eqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukulandela umthetho: i-vapor inguquko yezinto ezitshintsha ukusuka kumkhulu ukuya ngaphakathi. Ukuba ubeka indlu yelogo ngesitena, imeko ibuyela umva. Ngenxa yoko, umswakama ukuqokelela ekufazweni. Ebusika, uyandikhulula apho, eguqula uboya obumbili baba lukhula. Ehlotyeni - yenza imeko yokuphuhlisa ukubumba nokubola. Kukuthi ukudala i-caliting vanding kuphela inokulungisa imeko.
- Indlu yomthi iqhubeka itshintsha ubukhulu bezinto, kuba ubudlelwane obunzima kunye nodonga lwezitena alunakwenziwa. Ukujongana nesitena sendlu kwaye iindonga ngokwazo ziya kuzibhokoxa kwenye.
- Izitena-zizinto ezinzima kwaye ubunzima bayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kubalwa isiseko: Umthwalo uphezulu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka okanye kuphawu lwekhonkrithi ephezulu, okanye ububanzi obukhulu kwisiseko setywina, okanye ubukhulu obukhulu kwislab. Kwimfumbatho okanye isiseko sokupeyinta esinemfumba, ukujongana kunokusetwa kuphela emva kokubala.
Ukulinganisa itafile ekugqityweni kwesayizi yobukhulu obahlukeneyo
Ngokubanzi, isigqibo esingaphambuki. Ukuba indlu icwangcisiwe nje, cinga izihlandlo ezininzi. Mhlawumbi kungcono ukwakha indlu ukusuka kwiibhloko ze-foam (irhasi-silicate), emva koko uzibeke ngezitena. Ezi zixhobo ziguquguquka ngcono kwaye zincedisa iimpawu zabanye. Yitshabalalise Indlu yomthi enezitena ukuba indlu indala, iinkuni zenziwe mnyama, kuyimfuneko ukuba umnike umbono onomdla ngakumbi.
Itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yodonga
Okokuqala, iinkuni ziphathwa ngenkunkuma yokukhuseleka komsebenzi wangaphandle. Emva koko ilebheli eyenziwe ngamaplanga ehlebelwe (nayo ifakwe). Ubungakanani be-bar buxhomekeke kububanzi obufunekayo bokugcwala kobushushu. Ngokwesiqhelo kumtya ophakathi waseRussia, ubukhulu booodo boboya buyafuneka malunga ne-50 mm kwimimandla yasemantla engaphezulu eyi-100 ukuya kwi-150 mm. Kodwa ngokukodwa yonke into ithathelwa ingqalelo kuxhomekeka kubungqingqwa bodonga (ukusuka kwibar okanye iilogo) kunye nesitena esikhethiweyo sokuvalwa.
Ukufakelwa kufakwa ngokuqinileyo, ngaphandle kwezithuba: isibane siyinto, sithathela ingqalelo ububanzi baso. Umgama phakathi kwemivanga kufuneka ube sisibini seesentimitha esingaphantsi kobubanzi bento yokufakwa. Ke loo nto iya kubekwa ngomzamo. Iya kuyenza ibe nkqi kwikhreyithi, enciphisa ukwenziwa kweebhlorho ezibandayo.
Umzekelo we-Bute Wall ye-Wall ye-Wood kunye nendlu ye-skew
Phezu kwe-humer yokufakelwa, ithe yabekwa umoya. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ibe yi-vapor-intle, kwaye ukuba i-vapor inguquko inye, ukurhoxiswa komswakama kubalulekile egumbini. Qinisa i-membrane enezibika ze-stapler kwikhreyithi. Emva koko, shiya umsantsa ukuze uvelise i-wintilation ubuncinci i-60 mm kwaye ubeke udonga oluvela kwi-bite ejongene nesitena.
Ungayenza njani inyani
Kukho izibuko ezininzi ezifuna ukwazi. Beka indlu ngesiqhelo ePolkirpich. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso yodonga, ijika intonga, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinkulu. Ukuze yema ngokuqinileyo, inxulunyaniswa nodonga lomthi. Zimbini iindlela:
- Isikhonkwane (100-160 mm) siqhutywa eludongeni kangangesiqingatha ubude, sigoba. Iboshwe kwisiqwengana secingo elithambileyo kunye nobubanzi be-3 mm. Ubude obususiweyo-ngaphezulu kommiselo. I-wire ilungisiwe phakathi kwesipikili, ijijekile kwaye iphantsi kwe-Brick ejikiweyo, emva koko uqhawulo mtshato kwi-Masonry emacaleni. Izipikili ziyahla ukuze igqabhukele kwiringi.
- Sebenzisa imitya engama-25-30 mm ububanzi kunye nobude obude. Ibhendi embindini yi-Napialing Nail (i-Spin yokuzibeka), njengoko intambo ikhokelela embindini wezitena, zigobile emacaleni.
- Sebenzisa i-mesh yokwaluphala ngokwalalile ngenxa yokuba iintonga zafikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwizitena. Ukuze intonga ingakhutsi ngaphandle kwesisombululo, kungcono ukuba uye ecaleni, njengakwifoto. Ukunxiba okunjalo kulungiselelwe kumqolo ngamnye.
Ngale ndlela, unokuqhagamshela udonga ekhaya kunye ne-Brick ejongene nayo
Ingubo enye kufuneka ibekwe ngaphezulu komphezulu wodonga. Iingcebiso ngakwahluka-kumgama omalunga ne-50 cm kwenye okanye iziqwenga ezi-4 kwimitha nganye yesikwere.
Ukuba uza kubeka indlu enezitena ngezandla zakho, kunokubakho iingxaki kunye nokungabi nkqo. Olu cebo lulandelayo lunokunceda ulawule zonke izikhombisi:
- Kumantloko endlu phantsi kophahla kwaye ngaphezulu kwegumbi elingaphantsi, imipu emide iyavalwa ngokuthe tye. Kufuneka benze eludongeni emdeni, ngaphezu kobuninzi bonke bokugqibela.
- Kwikona enye ukuya kwi-PIN ephezulu kumgama ohambelana nomphetho wangaphandle, icingo libotshelelwe kwaye lithotyelwe phantsi, ilungisiwe kwi-movaby kwisikhonkwane esisezantsi.
- Itshekishwe kwaye nkqo ukhangele, ilungisiwe ngokungqongqo.
- Kwakhona, kumgama omnye, ucingo oluthe nkqo lubotshelelwe kwelinye icala lodonga.
- Kukho intambo ethe tyaba phakathi kwemitya emibini yolulekileyo. Iya kusebenza njengophawu lokulala umhlaba xa ilele: inokususwa njengoluhlu lwemiqolo. Kuphela ngamaxesha onke ofuna ukukhangela ukuba ubiyelwe usebenzisa inqanaba.
Zonke ezi zinto zingentla zikwizindlu zesiza. Zikwacela isixhobo se-ventilation wip. Imeko iyafana: Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibonakalayo zibi kakhulu kune-rancinition kunezo zifumaneka ngaphakathi. Kuphela yi-wire okanye i-tin ye-tin ye-tin yokunxiba imiselwe kule meko ukuya kwi-racks yesakhelo.
Iqinile okanye hayi
Ngokubanzi, ukuqiniswa komeleza kwenza ukuba udonga luhlale luhlale luhleli kwaye luthembekile. Ke kungcono ukubuyisela kwakhona. Kodwa inomdla kwaye inciphise i-masry, ekhokelela ekunyukeni kweendleko zomsebenzi (ukuba ii-masters ziqeshiwe).Ukuba wenza, emva koko imiqolo kunye nokuqina kufuneka iphantse ibe qho kumqolo we-5. Njengokuqiniswa, ndibeka i-mesh ekhethekileyo eneseli engama-50-50 mm okanye iintonga ezimbini zexesha elide zokuqiniswa kwe-6 mm. Kwangelo xesha, ubungakanani be-Seam bungqengqelo ngokuqiniswa, nto leyo engafanele ibe njalo.
Indlu ejongene nesitena "Live" ifihlakele kwividiyo, ubuchule bokubeka phantsi kwentonga ". Imithi ifunyenwe intle, kodwa amanzi ayatyhala, athabathe kamva ngesitena. Ke ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba uhambe ngale ndlela yemithungo. Kufuneka bagcwaliswe sisisombululo kwaye batywine kwindiza enye kunye nomphezulu wesitena. Emva koko ukufunxa kwamanzi ngexesha lemozulu kuyancipha, kunye nobomi bo "bubomi" beline lesitena esonyuka. Inkqubo ye-Masonry ibonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo: isisombululo sibekiwe ngononophelo, amaconsi awela phezu komhlaba uqhekezwe.
Indlu ejongene nesitena esivela kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, i-foam ikhonkrithi kunye negesi-silicate
I-Pariry Perment yekhonkrithi yeselula nayo iphakamile kuneso sezitena. Oko kukuthi, imeko iyafana ngokuchanekileyo: ngaphakathi kwigumbi kukho izinto ezibonakalayo, ezingcono ezizayo. Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekisa i-microclimo eqhelekileyo kwigumbi kunye nobomi beenkonzo ezinde, umsantsa we-ventilation ufuneka phakathi kwe-Brick Sundry kunye nodonga kunye neebhloko ze-will kunye neebhloko ze-will kunye neebhlokhi kunye neebhlokhi kunye neebhlokhi kunye neebhlokhi kunye neebhlokhi kunye neebhlokhi kunye neebhlokhi.
Ukuba ubeka indlu yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi (i-foam yekhonkrithi, igesi) ngaphandle komsantsa, ubomi bayo buya kuncipha malunga ne-60%: I-cournate iya kuqokelela kumda wezinto ezimbini. Ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, umswakama oqaqambileyo uya kutshabalalisa iqokobhe leqalongo, ukutshabalalisa zonke izinto kunye nokuziphatha okukhulu kweempawu zayo.
Iintshukumo zesixhobo esijongene nesitena sendlu ye-Deconthity kunye neempawu zazo
Ukufakelwa okungaphezulu kusetyenziswa kunqabile, ukuba kuyafuneka, yonke imithetho iyafana ngexesha lokujamelana neNdlu yeWaden: Uboya baseSallit boboya obukhuliswe ngumoya.
Malunga neempawu zokupheliswa kwendlu ngekhonkrithi (igesi-igesi-silicate) ifundwe apha.
Ubungakanani bomsantsa we-ventilation usuka kwi-60 ukuya kwi-150 mm. Inani lonxibelelwano phakathi kweendonga ezimbini: ubuncinci ii-PCs ze-3 kwimitha nganye ye-Masonry, icandelo lazo lokuwela lawo alingaphantsi kwe-5 mm2 nge-1 m2 nge-1 m2. Ukunxibelelana, ungasebenzisa isikrelem okanye izipikili ezingenamanzi kunye nobude obuyi-120 mm. Zidakumbisiwe zingaphelelanga eludongeni, kodwa kwi-engile engama-45 °. Ungasebenzisa iibhendi ezihlazo kunye neefolda, ezantsi kwicala elinye lifakwe kwiibhloko zokwakha, kwaye isiphelo sesibini siqalisiwe kwisitephu apho i-angle igobile khona. Phawula: Unxibelelwano alufanele lubekwe ekubekweni kwe-doms yodonga oluphambili. Ndibethelele kumhlaba ongaphambili weebhloko.
Eyona nto ijongene neendonga ezivela kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kunye nekhonkrithi ye-foam - isitena esinesap ye-ventilation
Slag okanye indlu ye-slag
Ukujamelana nesitena kwimeko yezakhiwo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-SLAG kusetyenziswa rhoqo xa imifula ifakwe ecaleni kodonga. Kwenzeka ubukhulu becala xa i-slag ikhuphe isixhobo sayo kwaye yaqala ukubhuqa. Ngokomndilili, ubomi bayo buyiminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kuncitshiswa ukuba umswakama weendonga zaphakanyisiwe.I-But isitena ye-Brick yeNdlu ukusuka kwibhloko ye-Slag (ihlobe) iya kusilela kuphela ukuba ingenakuphepheka: iya kunciphisa intshabalalo, kodwa ayiyi kuyinqanda. Ixesha lokulibaziseka lixhomekeke kwimeko yesixhobo kunye nemilinganiselo ethathiweyo. Ngokomndilili, yiminyaka eyi-8 ukuya kweli-15. Ngaphandle kokubonisana nengcali, akunakulindeleka: ixabiso elininzi lempazamo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuyacetyiswa ukwakha isakhelo esijikeleze indlu, esiya kudlulisela inxenye yomthwalo wokuqhula kunye nophahla, qhuba amanzi. Enye yazo lukhuselo lwangaphandle lweendonga ze-themospicrication ngesitena esijongene nesitena. Izitena zikhethwe ngeyona ndawo incinci incinci. Ukukhuselwa okukhulu, i-Masryry inokuthi ifakwe i-hydrophobic ye-hydrophobic (kuphela engayi kwenza ifilimu ye-steamproof). Ayizukubakho gwenxa kwaye ingena kwi-hydrophobic yokungena eludongeni oluphambili. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa indyebo yohlobo "Penun" kunye ne-analogues. Kuya kwangaxeshanye bomeleze umbandela kwaye baya kunciphisa ubume bamanzi.
Malunga nokuqhelisela ukuthengisa izakhiwo ezindala zezakhiwo ezindala.
Malunga nokukhetha abathengisi kunye namaxabiso
Amaxabiso ezinto ezifanayo ahluke kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwingingqi. Ukwenzela ukuba uyiqonde imeko, kufuneka uqhubele uphando lwakho lwentengiso: Fowunela okanye utyelele abathengisi abakhulu, jonga kwingingqi kwinethiwekhi. Ngexesha lokufowuna, kufuneka ube nedatha yobugcisa, fumana amaxabiso. Emva koko thelekisa iimpawu zezitena, amaxabiso e-mephu.
Yintoni enokucetyiswa: sukuthenga izinto eziphantsi kakhulu. Ukuba umahluko kwixabiso eliphakathi lentengiso yi-15 ukuya kwi-20%, inokwenzeka, i-Intsalela yonyaka ophelileyo ayingoyena mntu uphumeleleyo. Ngaphandle koko, jonga umyinge wexabiso kunye neempawu ezichaziweyo.
Ixabiso eliphakathi eMoscow zezi zilandelayo:
- I-Silicate ejongene nesitena - 11-21 I-ruble / i-PC;
- I-cemarayic ejongene ne-rubles / i-rubles / i-PCS (ixesha elisisigxina le-455 yee-rubles / iiPC);
- Ityala le-hyperpressive-i-ruble ye-25-31 ruble / i-PC;
- ICCRORKI-27-40 ruble / i-PC.
Ngokukhetha abanye abathengisi, jonga iimpahla zabo ngokobuqu. Ubuso obuthambileyo, ukupeyinta ipeyinti, akukho fucks kunye naziphi na iziphene-yile nto kufuneka uyibone.
Malunga nobungakanani beqela. Kuyacetyiswa ukuthenga ivolumu yonke yezinto zokuvala kwangoko. Kuya kunceda ukugcina malunga ne-10-15%. Abanye abathengisi beebatch ezinkulu banikwa ukuzisa iilori eziphosakeleyo ngqo kumzi-mveliso. Ingabizi-rayisi, kwaye i-order eyongezelelweyo ayifakwanga, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ukulwa okungaphantsi.
Izibonelelo zokuzithengisa ukuthengwa kwe-themalesa kwinyani yokuba iqela linokuba linye eqinisekisa ukufana nombala. Ngayiphi na imeko, indlu ejongene nesitena iqhutywa kwiiphakheji ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ke nkqu nezigidi ezincinci ezahlukeneyo aziyi kwenza amabala emibala.
Inqaku lesihloko: Indlela yokwenza ilinen kwilineni kwi-balcony ngezandla zakho