Ukwakhiwa kwendlu yelizwe kwenzeka ngamanqanaba aliqela. Kwinqanaba elithile, xa kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezifihlakeleyo zangaphandle, iza kubeka umgangatho wedrafti. Kwixa elizayo, emva kwefowuni UNXIBELELWANO NGOBUCHULE NOKUMKELWA KWEZOBUCHULE, UCelaright kunye neendonga ziya kuwa kumgangatho wokugqibela.
Kukho iintsana ezininzi zesixhobo soyilo somgangatho, kunye neendlela zokufakwa kwengubo yomgangatho. Kwimeko yemozulu ebandayo yelizwe lethu, imigangatho efudumeleyo kwiNdlu sisisombululo esiluncedo esincedayo ukuba sikwazi ukulungelelanisa amandla endlu epheleleyo yendlu.
Isixhobo soyilo lomgangatho
Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo loyilo lomgangatho, iindlela zesixhobo sazo zipapashwa. Ezona zinto ziphambili zezizathu ezinjalo ziyimibutho yekhonkrithi nezamaprim. Ngaphambi kokuba enze imigangatho efudumeleyo, kubalulekile ukuba wenze ukuba ivelise imnyama.
Kwindlela elula, umgangatho wekhonkrithi wekhonkrithi wendlu yendlu yenziwa ngokuzalisa i-monolithic comance ngaphezulu komqamelo otyumkileyo wesanti. Esi siseko sinokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqiniswa.
Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukhuselo kumanzi aphezulu asemhlabeni, ifilimu ye-polylethylene ithe yabekwa phakathi komqamelo kunye nekhonkrithi, eya kuthi ihluleke phantsi komgangatho.
Beka ukufakwa esiseko, kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo ukuqiniswa komgangatho wekhonkrithi wexesha elizayo
Umgangatho oshushu endlwini unokuqaliswa ukuvelisa, ukwenza ukufakwa kwinqanaba lesixhobo selifa. Kule nto, iiplate ze-inshuler bathwaxwa ngaphezulu kwe-monolithic ye-monoffic ye-ronoffic, ethi ifakwe kwindawo ephezulu kwi-top kwaye ikhonkrithi yomgangatho wesibini wenziwa.
Umgangatho wokuyila kwenkuni kwi-cottage ulungiselelwe amanqanaba aliqela.
- Kumhlaba ohlanganisiweyo wenziwe i-backups. Bayakha, oko kubizwa ngokuba yintlango. Zihlala zenziwa ngendlela ye-ceramic ye-ceramic ye-ceric ye-ceric kwisisombululo sesamente.
- Ukufakwa kwezilethu zokhuni kwisiseko esilungisiweyo senziwe. Kwindlela ye-lag imele iplanga okanye ibhodi ebanjelwe ebanzi.
Elizweni, qiniseka ukuba uphumeza i-hydro kunye nokufakwa kwe-thermal yomgangatho
- Ukuveliswa kwengcambu. Inokwenziwa ngeeplaji ezixineneyo zeplastiki ezinqwenelekayo okanye izinto eziqinileyo zeqadi ezinjengePlywood.
- Isixhobo sokufaka amanzi kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, izixhobo zokufakwa kwe-irmal zisenziwa ngaphezulu kwengcambu.
- Ukugqitywa kokugqibela komgangatho omnyama kunokwenziwa, kunye ne-Domile kwiibhodi ezincinci okanye izixhobo zephepha.
Ngamanye amaxesha izindlu zelizwe zisebenzisa iipleyiti ezigqithileyo. Ikwayenye yeentlobo zemigangatho emibi. Kwiipleyiti kufuneka zikhuselwe, eziqiniswa negridi yensimbi.
Rhoqo, umaleko wesibini wekhonkrithi okanye yomthi oyilwayo wedrafti wenziwa kwizinto ezingafuneki zigqibe gqitha ngakumbi.
Umzekelo, imigangatho emininzi okanye isityalo sokugaya sokwenza umzi-mveliso.
Umgangatho ofudumeleyo onokufudumeza
Imigangatho efudumeleyo yamanzi ilungele imigangatho emininzi.
Kwimigaqo yomgangatho wesixhobo ofudumeleyo oshushu ohlengahlengisiweyo wahlulwe waba ngumbane namanzi. Kwinto ethile yokufudumeza, intambo okanye i-mat ye-ultra-cigs ecekeceke, kwaye kwezinye-imibhobho yentsimbi yensimbi ngamanzi ashushu.
Ufudumezwe ngendlela yamanzi ilungele ngakumbi ifowuni yomgangatho wobuninzi. Inkqubo yokufaka yenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Kumgangatho oyilwayo, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ungqimba lwamanzi lubekiwe, umqokeleli wombhobho weplasitiki ufakwe ngaphezulu.
Umqokeleli yinkqubo apho amanzi aya kujikeleza khona. Emva koko uqhagamshelwe kwi-Boiler yokufudumeza kunye nenkqubo yokuqhekeza. Emva kwetshekhi yovavanyo, imibhobho yentsimbi igalelwe isisombululo se-monolithic.
Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuvelisa isalisa ngesandla sokusebenza apho ulwandiso lwe-thermal aluchaphazeli amandla e-monolithic isiseko.
I-Thermomats ilungele imigangatho yomthi.
Indlela yokufudumeza nge-mats yombane kufutshane ne-thewding. Ngaphambi kokuba enze umhlaba ofudumeleyo kwindlu yabucala, isitshixo se-Feble Finking sibekwe kumgangatho wamaplanga. Iya kusebenza njengomqobo wombane, kunye nokubonisa ubushushu phezulu, okuya kwandisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla.
Ezi zixhobo, ezinokusetyenziswa isolon, zibeka i-heater yombane. Umgangatho ofudumeleyo nge-mats yombane akufuneki ukuba ube phantsi kweziphumo zoomatshini. Ke ngoko, xa uyifaka, unokutsiba indawo yokufakelwa kwefanitshala enzima, emise kwangaphambili.
Zonke iintambo kunye neengcingo ze-thermomats kufuneka zifakwe ngenyameko
Lonke unxibelelwano lweengcingo kunye neetheminali zenziwe zodwa ngononophelo. Unxibelelwano lwetyala lwenziwa. Emva koko ungqimba lodwa lubekwe lodwa lubekwe lodwa, ngaphezulu kwawo umgangatho owenziwa phantsi kwempahla, umzekelo, plywood. Nakuphi na ukuhlanjwa kunokubekwa kwizinto zephepha.
Ukuba wenza umgangatho ofudumeleyo kweli lizwe usebenzisa intambo yombane, ngokunjalo nesixhobo samanzi, i-monolithic stred ichanekile njengokuphindeka.
Kubalulekile ngaphambi kokufaka i-coraing ephezulu, eya kuthi ibeke izinto zokugqiba, ukuvelisa isheke enye lenkqubo yokusebenza.
Kukwayimfuneko ukuba unyange ngononophelo ukuze uhlale wedwa ukuze umgangatho owakhiweyo ukhuselwe ngokuthembekileyo kwiziphumo zezinto ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle.
Ukukhetha umgangatho wokuGqibela
I-laminate inokunyangwa kwangoko ngaphezulu komgangatho ofudumeleyo; igqunywe yimixholo yefayili.
Ukwenza isini sakho asifuneki sifudumele, kodwa sisebenza, kubalulekile ukukhetha umxholo wokugqibela, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zayo, kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo uhlobo lwegumbi lokuthuka kunye nenjongo yegumbi.
Kwiipaseji kunye negumbi lokuhlala lilethuna, njengoko uhlobo lokudibana lunomtsalane kwaye lusebenza. Xa usebenzisa i-lamote njengesixhobo sokugqitywa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhuphele umgangatho ogubungela i-plywood kwaye ngokukhawuleza uyigcine ngaphezulu kwe-roll.
Kwizakhiwo ezinjalo, njengegumbi lokuhlambela okanye ikhitshi, ukusetyenziswa kweethayile kubalulekile. Olu hlobo lokudibana ludibene kakuhle nesikrweqe, ke kuya kuba lufanelekile imigangatho efudumeleyo ngesixhobo sokutshisa kunye nentambo yombane. Luhlobo luni lomoya ophantsi lungcono ukukhetha, jonga le vidiyo:
Ukubeka ikhaphethi kufanelekile kumagumbi okulala kunye namagumbi abantwana. Olu hlobo lwezinto zisetyenziswa kuphela kwimigangatho elungiselelwe.
Izinto zeLisoleum ayibizi kwaye indalo iphela, kodwa, kunye nekhaphethi, ithambile. Ingasetyenziselwa yonke indawo, emva kokulungiselela umhlaba ukuba ulele.
Xa kuphuhliswa uyilo lwamagumbi kwinqanaba lokumisela izixhobo zokugqiba, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba ngowuphi umphezulu okanye unokuba ubekwe. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze kudweliswe idrafti kunye nesixhobo sokufudumeza izinto kwinkangeleko enye.
Ukuqhutywa kwezinto ezizimeleyo
Khetha iibhodi ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu
Unokwenza umgangatho kweli lizwe ngezandla zakho ngaphandle kokunxibelelana neengcali. Uyilo lomgangatho kunye neendidi zemali zichazwe ngokubanzi kwi-Intanethi. Fumana amandla olwazi aluncedo kuwo wonke umntu.
Ngaphambi kokuba enze umgangatho kweli lizwe, kufuneka uphuhlise isicwangciso somsebenzi, ukufumanisa uhlobo lokudibana kunye nenani lezixhobo ezifanelekileyo.
Kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze uphawu ngokuchanekileyo ukuze udibaniso kwinqanaba ngalinye lesixhobo singena kwindiza eqinileyo. Malunga nendlela eyakha imigangatho kwiBhanki yeBhanki, jonga le vidiyo:
Xa usenza umsebenzi wokuqhuba, kubalulekile ukuba ulwelwe ukwenziwa kwemveliso yesiseko esongeziweyo, esiya kuthi siwuqonde umthwalo kwifanitshala kunye nabantu kumagumbi.
Umgangatho womgangatho wokuqala uya kudlulisela umthwalo obonisiweyo kwisiseko kwi-perimeter yangaphakathi kunye ne-Brick Backups. Ukudibana komgangatho womgangatho wesibini kuya kulungiswa kwi-over-ver-versing.
Ukuyalela, yenza isixhobo esemgangathweni kumgangatho wesibini kuyafuneka ukwenza ukuba kube lula ukugqithisa.
Xa ukhetha izixhobo zesakhelo somthi, unokusebenzisa itafile ekhethekileyo. Ibonisa amacandelo emiqadi yomthi, eya kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokwakha nokusebenza. Ukubalwa kwamacandelo etafileni yenzelwe umthwalo wama-400 kg. Nge-1 M2 yomgangatho.
| Ubude bokulala (ubude beBeam) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inyathelo lokufaka i-Balok | I-2.0 m. | I-2,5 m. | I-3.0 m. | 4.0 m. | 4.5 m. | I-5.0 m. | I-6.0 m. |
| I-0.6 m. | I-75 mm. H. I-100 mm. | I-75 mm. H. I-150 mm. | I-75 mm. H. I-200 mm. | I-100 mm. H. I-200 mm. | I-100 mm. H. I-200 mm. | I-125 mm. H. I-200 mm. | I-150 mm. H. I-225 mm. |
| I-1.0 m. | I-75 mm. H. I-150 mm. | I-100 mm. H. I-150 mm. | I-100 mm. H. I-175 mm. | I-125 mm. H. I-200 mm. | I-150 mm. H. I-200 mm. | I-150 mm. H. I-225 mm. | I-175 mm. H. I-250 mm. |
Ukukhetha izinto ezisemgangathweni, chonga imithwalo eya kuthi inyamezele ipleyiti yakho yesiseko sakho
Ukuba inkqubela phambili yeepleyiti i-protrude njenge-overlap yomgangatho wesibini, ukhetho lwemveliso efanelekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe, ngokusekwe kwimithwalo yezinto ezibonwayo ezibonwa ngolu hlobo lwezinto. Kwimveliso nganye, esi siphithiphithi siya kuba yeyakho.
Xa umgangatho usezipleyiti, njengakwinqanaba lokuqala, i-overlap izele sisikrweqe, esivelisa umgangatho ofudumeleyo kunye nesigqubuthelo somgangatho.
Xa ixesha okanye ezinye iimeko azivumeli wonke umsebenzi ngokwayo, ke unokutsala umakhi wabucala okanye umbutho. Enye indlela okanye enye, ukufunda le nkqubo kuyimfuneko ukulawula umgangatho womsebenzi owenziweyo.
Emqolombeni, xa ubusika bungafiki, kwaye ihlobo sele lidlulile, kumgangatho ofudumeleyo luya kubonelela ngosapho lonke. Ebusika, imigangatho efudumeleyo ayiyi kutshintshwa ukuba kukho abantwana abancinci entsatsheni. Intuthuzelo efunyenwe kwisigqubuthelo esiphezulu esikumgangatho ophezulu siya kuhlawula zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokufakelwa kwayo. Malunga nezibuko lokubeka umgangatho kwi-Bribe-Slabs, jonga le vidiyo:
Ukwenziwa kwesondo ngokufudumeleyo kuyakwenza ukuba ifudumeze igumbi ekuweni nasentwasahlobo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inkqubo yokufudumeza. Oku kuyakukunceda ukuphucula amandla okusebenza kwesakhiwo.
Intuthuzelo ihlala ingena ezindlwini kunye namagumbi. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi yomgangatho kunye neendleko. Isixhobo esifudumeleyo seShumi esifudumeleyo sisityalo esinokuthenjwa kwexesha kwaye sizenzekele.
Inqaku lesihloko: Umgangatho wamanzi kwigumbi lendlu: Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa