Uhlobo lophahla, kunye nempahla yophahla, kufuneka ukhethe kwinqanaba loyilo ukufumanisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa enye okanye olunye ukhetho. Uyilo lwayo luxhomekeke kubungakanani bendlu, imigangatho yayo, ucwangciso lwangaphakathi kunye nezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa khethwa.
Inokuba yintoni uphahla endlwini ukusuka kwibar?
Ezona mbono ixhaphakileyo yophahla lwezindlu zabucala zizonke kwaye zizonke zenziwe uphahla oluphambili okanye, njengoko zibizwa ngokuba zingamagorha. Phakathi kwezibonelelo zabo eziphambili kukuncipha kokwakha, amaxabiso asezantsi, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla. Ukukhetha kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe izakhiwo ezinzima kakhulu, umzekelo, uphahla lweHolmic lugqibelele kumgangatho we-attic, kwaye uphahla oluxukileyo lunokwenziwa kumakhaya amakhulu. Uphahla olutsha nolwesicaluli luqhelekile isetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezincedisayo: USarayi, iigaraji, njl.
Ukukhetha kophahla kuhlala kulunga phakathi komfanekiso omnandi kunye nokusebenza. Uphahla kufuneka lube lula ngokulandelelana ukuze ungazenzi imithwalo engeyomfuneko eludongeni kunye nesiseko, kodwa kwangaxeshanye unamandla kwaye unamandla. Eyona nto inzima kakhulu uyilo, isiqhelo sisidenge eluphahleni, kwaye nangona ibhalukwano inokumelana nemithwalo emikhulu kakhulu, kungcono ukukhulula kuyo.
Ungakha njani uphahla ngezandla zakho?
Ukwakhiwa kophahla yinkqubo enzima, kwaye kungcono ukuyithemba ngeengcali. Ngaphambi kokwakha kuyilo, kuyimfuneko ukubala ukubalwa kwemithwalo evumelekileyo, ngelixa kumiselwa iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zezinto ezenziweyo. Ukwenza oku, kuyalula ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizodwa apho ubalo lwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Uyilo lophahla lusekwe kwisakhelo, senziwe ngemivalo eyenziwe ngomthi - inkqubo yeRAFT. Ezona zinto ziphambili zale nkqubo ziyintsomi ezibona umthwalo ophuma eluphahleni, kunye nezinto zangaphandle kwaye zidlulisele ezindongeni. Onke amacandelo enkqubo ye-raftter kufuneka adibane ngokuthembekileyo ngoncedo lwe "Groove Groove" izibalo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nolwakhiwo lophahla, kubalulekile ukwenza ukomeleza ezongezelelekileyo zeNdlu yeNdlu kwaye wenze umququ wemivalo yomqolo ophezulu ukunciphisa iinyawo zecala. I-scred yenziwa ngokudibanisa iindonga ezichaseneyo ngoncedo lwecandelo le-150x100 mm. Kwizicreke, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa imivalo ekhethekileyo, ukubakhulisa ngokwenza imivalo emininzi awukwazi. Imivalo ye-miuffiy kwinqanaba le-ceiling.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ikhonkrithi ye-PAAN Ikhonkrithi ye-Grille: iqinisekisiwe kwikhonkrithi, imvula, ufakelo
Ukuba indawo yesakhiwo ibalulekile, kwinqanaba lokufakelwa kwe-overlap ibotshelelwe nge-1. -150 mm, ekuvumela ukuba usasaze ngokulinganayo kwiminkxaso. Ngokwahlukileyo kwi-B kubonisa ukuba ungayenza ukuba ikwazi ukwenza imivalo emininzi ukuba amalungu akho axhomekeke kwimivalo okanye imiqadi. Amalungu kufuneka aqiniswe ngeembombo zesinyithi okanye amacweqa. Ubungakanani kunye nenani leelitha limisiwe xa kubalwa inkqubo yedwa kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindawo yeNdlu, luxhomekeke kwindawo yeNdlu, luhlobo lophahla, ubukho, ubukho begumbi le-attic. Kwiimeko apho i-attic icwangcisiwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngenjongo yeshishini, umkhenkce kufuneka ulungiswe ngendlela yokuba bahambelane nomgca wodonga. I-attic inokutshintshwa yindawo ehlala ihleli - i-attic, kodwa koku kufuneka ubonelele ngohlobo olufumileyo lophahla kwinqanaba leprojekthi, ukuphakama kwesikhuseli sayo kunye nokuphakama okufunekayo.
I-Screed kunye neelitha zibanjiswa emva kokukhwela imiqadi yephaphari kumqolo owongezelelweyo wokutsala ebekwe ngaphezulu kwazo. Unxibelelwano lwe-rusev luzinye neelitha kunye nee-ties ziphuculwa ziiplate zensimbi, ezibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo ekunikezelweni kwee-rooves kunye ne-spikes xa i-spikeval xa i-spikes xa i-spikevar xa i-spikeval xa i-spiyas xa i-spikeval xa i-spikevations xa ibanjiswa. Ngenxa yoko, kuyavela ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo nolinganayo olusebenza njengesiseko esinokuthenjwa eluphahleni lwazo nakuphi na ubunzima.
Kuxhomekeka kwi-angle yokuqulunqa lophahla lophahla, imithwalo kuyo itshintshiwe. Umzekelo, kumaxabiso amakhulu e-Angle, xa uphahla lube lude kakhulu, imithwalo yomoya isebenza kakhulu kuyo, ngelixa ikwithambeka elincinci lomthwalo ovela kwikhephu. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha uphahla, iimeko zemozulu zengingqi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yeRAFT
Inkqubo yeRAFT iqulethe izinto zomntu ekufuneka ziphindwe kabini kwinani elifunekayo, ukuphindaphinda omnye komnye. Kubavelisi kwaye abavelisi bahlala basebenzisa itemplate elungiselelwe kwangaphambili edibana nayo yonke imilinganiselo ebaliwe.
Ulwakhiwo lophahla luqala ngokwenza unyawo locofeni - imimandla emibini enamacala amabini enamacala amabini phakathi kwabo, ehambelana nekona ephezulu yophahla. Ngomnye nomnye, umphezulu wekona yesiphumo sesiphumo seRafter uqhagamshelwe esisongelayo. Iirwele, njengezona zinto ziphambili zenkqubo yeRAFT, kufuneka zenziwe kuphela kwiinkuni ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu, iibhodi zazo akufuneki zibe mncinci kune-50 mm. Ububanzi beeplanga buxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yendlu, notyekelo lwentonga yophahla, kungoko ubude boqaqoba. Ngobude obungaphezulu kwe-6 m, ububanzi obukhethiwe ukusuka kwi-150 mm, ubude bobude bungaphezulu kwe-6 m, ububanzi bube buyi-180 mm. Unokuqhagamshela iibhodi ezininzi ukufumana ububanzi obufunayo. Iirafti ezibonakalayo ziyavunyelwa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kufuneka zenziwe nge-5 mm ubuncinci. Umgama phakathi kweedrafre uzimiselwe lubalo kwaye zihlala zingadluli kwi-2,5 m.
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Ibhodi ethe nkqo ifakwe phakathi kweedrafti, ukuphakama kulingana nobuphakamileyo kuphahla. Ngenxa yoko, kuyilo kufuneka lufumaneke, kuyilo lonxantathu olinganayo ngokuphakama, kodwa ngaphandle kwesiseko. I-compting ecekeceke inyuka ukuya kumphakamo onqwenelekayo kwaye ihleli kwimivalo yengqokelela, ngelixa imilenze ye-raft kufuneka iphumle kwitrapki. Amanqaku asetyenziswa kwiindawo kwaye aphawulwe ukuba iintaba ezilandelayo zenziwe. Apha kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kakhulu, kuba olu nxibelelaniso luya kuthatha yonke imithwalo, ngaphandle kokuba kufakwe izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo. Uhlobo lokukhawulezisa "i-Schip-Groove" kufuneka inike ukuqina okuphezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-lining okanye iikona zentsimbi zibhalwe njenge-inshurensi ukuya kwiiarhente. Kuyanceda ukufumana olona nxibelelwano luthembekileyo olukhuselekileyo ukusuka kwizigqibo ezinokwenzeka zenkuni.
Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yeRAFT ngezandla zabo. Ividiyo
Ngaphaya kwepateni, le milenze irakra ilandelayo yenziwe, phakama kwindawo yokufakelwa kunye nokumiselwa ngunxibelelwano "schip-roove". Ukufakelwa kuyadlula, ukuqala kwelinye lamafutha. Phakathi kwayo, imilenze yobuqhetseba engummelwane ixhunyiwe usebenzisa ikhreyithi yethutyana.
Ukukhula uphahla
Inqanaba elilandelayo kukufakwa kwezinto zokuma kunye nokusebenza. Ukuze unciphise umthwalo kwingcinezelo yophahla lophahla lwezinto ezibalekayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwabo ngokungqongqo, iiplanga ngecandelo le-150x40-150 mm. Ukufakwa kwee-rigger ziqala ngenxalenye ephambili yolwakhiwo kwicala elingaphandle. Ziqhotyoshelwe kwi-REPS ngezipikili, kwaye kwicala ngalinye inani lezikhonkwane kufuneka ubuncinci zithathu ubuncinci.
Enye indlela yokuqinisa ngakumbi uphahla kukusetyenziswa kwemikhosi emide. Kuyinyani, kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwazo, kuba kulwalathiso olude, ubuqili bonyusa iiplani zekhreyithi.
Emva kokuba kufakwe iirafti, i-suger yezinto zokwenza amanzi ibekwe kuzo. Lo mkhulu ukhusela ngokuchasene nomswakama kungekuphela kwenkqubo yeRAFT, kodwa nezakhiwo zangaphakathi zeNdlu, ukuze ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyimfuneko.
Ukufakwa kophahla ngezandla zakho
Ngokokwelondolozwe lophahla, ulwakhiwo lwalo lugqityiwe. Okulandelayo yinkqubo yokufakelwa, kunye nokufakwa kwezinto zophahla. Ukuqala ngekhreyithi apho uphahla luya kubanjiswa khona. I-Pebble ziibhodi zeplanga eziqhotyoshelwe kwi-rafyles yethu okanye kumgama phakathi kwabo.
Uphahla olugqityiweyo kufuneka lube neskedati egudileyo, efana nqwa (sithetha ngophahla lwe-bartal). Ukuchaneka kolwakhiwo loyilo kuya kwenza ukuba kubekho ukuhambisa umthwalo kudonga, kwaye umphezulu wenqanaba uya kuqhuba ukufakelwa kwezinto zophahla.
Ngoku kukho umgca wokufakelwa kwekhekhe elibizwa ngokuba "nguphahla". Uphahla alupheli kuphela eluphahleni, lubethelelwe kwikhreyithi. Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ye-hydro, ubushushu, umphunga kunye nokufakelwa kwesandi, ukuqinisekisa ezona meko zihle zokuhlala endlwini. Ngokhetho olufanelekileyo kunye nofakelo olunobuchule lwazo zonke ezi zale cwaka, kunokwenzeka ukuba lusindise ekufudumeleni, umoya ovuthuzayo kunye nokulwa nokwenza amanzi ngexesha lokusebenza. Kwakhona, uphahla ngokuthembekileyo lukhusela inkqubo yeRAFT kwimpembelelo yeemeko zemozulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu.
Inqaku lesihloko: Umhlaba we-Geaperical: Iindonga zePhori kwi-Interrior (iifoto ezingama-55)
Umaleko wokuqala we "Cake"-vaporization -Yiifilimu ekhethekileyo eyoluliweyo kwisiseko sophahla kunye nomjikelezo wolwakhiwo. Phakathi kwazo, iifidi zeefilimu ziboshwe ngeScotch. I-Perolong ithintela umswakama ogxothiweyo ukusuka kwindawo engezantsi kwi-Cercerspace.
Ungqimba lwesibini - ukufakwa kwe-thermal . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukuqhafakiwe okufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile. Ifanele ibe yinto engenabungozi, i-bioStoile, iwabela umahluko wamanzi amathayane kunye nokunyusa umswakami. Ubunzima belanga kukhethwe kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zokusebenza. Enye yezona zinto zifakiweyo zininzi kakhulu zoboya bezimbiwa, kunye nokufakwa ngokusekwe kwi-basalt okanye i-fiberglass. Kodwa i-foam kungcono ukuba ingasebenzi, ngakumbi ukuba iirodent zihlala kwi-attic endinokumkhathaza, kwaye ubomi bakhe benkonzo buncinci. Umaleko we-insenter unokubekwa ngaphakathi eluphahleni nangaphandle. Phakathi komaleko wokugcwaliswa kunye nokulandelelana okulandelayo kokungasebenzi kwamanzi kufuneka kube sisithuba esincinci somoya we-ventilation.
Ungqimba lwamanzi Ibonisa i-membrane yokuphefumla. Kufanelekile ukuba zenzeke umoya uphume kumsantsa phakathi kweendawo ukuze umsitho ungaqokelelwa kuyo. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngokuphambukisa ngokubonelela nge-membrane, enokuthintela amanzi ukuba angene kwizinto ezenziwe ngomthi.
I-faeer yokugqibela ye "Pie" - Izinto zophahla . Iqhotyoshelwe kwiibhodi ze-Shell ngendlela yokuba isithuba esincinci se-ventilation sasala phakathi kwayo kunye nomaleko wokungasebenzi kwamanzi. Ukhetho lwezinto ezihlahlayo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lophahla, iimeko zemozulu, indlela yokugcina indlu, ubuchule bezemali, njl. Eyona ithandwa kakhulu ziithayile zensimbi, iithayile zethayile, amashiti obhedu kunye nabanye. Xa ukhetha, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwizalathi zentsebenzo zezinto eziya kusisindisa, umzekelo, kwi-inshunserfark. Ngamanye amaxesha, uphahla lwenziwe ngomthi. Oku akwenziwanga ekuqwalaselweni kwengqondo, kodwa endaweni yoko kudala imbonakalo ethile "phantsi kweentsuku zakudala". Hayi indlela yokukrazula ngayo iinkuni ezingaphantsi kwabanye, kuba ifuna ukuqhubekeka kongezelelekileyo kuyabiza. Ukongeza, iinkuni kwanasemva kokuba unyango lubuthathaka kakhulu ekufumeni, ke, ukungcungcutheka kwamanzi kufanele kubekwe ngononophelo olukhethekileyo.
Izixhobo zokuhlala kwiimeko ezininzi ziqhotyoshelwe kwikhreyitha zisebenzisa iinzipho ezizodwa okanye izikrelemnqa ezihamba ngeenyawo zerabha ezitywine uqhagamshelo, hayi ukufuma.
Emva kokubeka ungqimba wokugqibela, unokuqala ngokwakhiwa kwee-Windowsscrews, ufakelo lwesikweki, ulungiselelo lwe-subrionage.