Iindonga zetekhnoloji zeendonga ze-ceramnzite zekhonkrithi

I-Ceramzitobeton yenye yeentlobo zekhonkrithi, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo lwale mihla (ukuzalisa isakhelo se-monolithic someleza izindlu zekhonkrithi, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zekhaya). Ukuqulunqwa kubandakanya isamente, i-crumbs, isanti yokwakha kunye namanzi. Oku akulula kuphela, kodwa izinto ezomeleleyo kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi ye-ceramnzite yeendonga kuyakuvumela ukuba ugcine ukufundiswa kwe-hormal, ngoko ineepropathi eziphezulu ezithengisayo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu be-ceramzitombe yelinye ilityeli mkhulu kunemitephu, ngoko, ubungqingqwa bodonga, buya kuba nkulu iibhloko zekhonkrithi.

Isidima kunye nezinto ezingalunganga zezinto

Izixhobo zinezinto ezininzi ezilungileyo:

• Amandla aphezulu amandla. Ukuqulunqwa kubandakanya ii-centences zingaphantsi kwe-m-400;
• I-suble ephezulu. Igcina ishushu kakhulu kunekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo.;
• Ingxolo yesango. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, ikhonkrithi ye-ceranzi inee-inshunses ezilungileyo, ngokungafaniyo nekhonkrithi ekhanyayo;
• Uzinzo oluphezulu. Inozinzo olumangalisayo njenge-stemimuli yendalo (ikhephu, imvula, njl.) Kunye nezinto zekhemikhali (izisombululo ze-Sulfates, i-caustic alkalis);
• Inqanaba lokuphumeza kwamanzi;
• Ikuvumela ukuba ugcine inqanaba elifunayo lokufuma kwigumbi;

• Hayi rhabaxa ekugqibeleni. Umsebenzi wangaphambi kokuba ugqibezele. Umhlobiso wekhonkrithi ye-ceramnzi unokwenzeka ngazo naziphi na izinto zokugqiba. Ayidingi fayili emdaka yodaka kunye nokufakelwa kwegridi eyomeleleyo;
• Ukuxhathisa kakhulu kubushushu ngamathontsi kunye neqabaka;
• Ukuqulunqwa komxholo akukho khemikhali ezichaphazela kakubi izakhiwo zensimbi yeNdlu;
• Ukwakhiwa kweendonga kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba i-ceramnzi ikhonkrithi inobungakanani obukhulu. Ukufakelwa ngokulula kuya kwenza ukuba kubekho ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kwakhiwe kunye nekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ye-ceramnzite umntu engazange anomdla;
• Iindonga ezivela kwezi zixhobo zinenqanaba eliphantsi;
• Ayitshisanga, ayibola, ayisiyohlwa.

Kwikhonkrithi ye-ceramzise, ​​njengakwesiphi na esinye isixhobo sokwakha, kukho izilingo:

1. Ukuba ne-surusity ngohlobo lwayo, i-ceramllitoto yelinye iphantsi kakhulu kumandla kunye nezomatshini ngaphambi kwekhonkrithi enzima;
2. Ayifakwanga isicelo sokwenza isiseko;
3. Iinkunzi zinika imbonakalo embi;
4. Ukuchasana kweqabaka elungileyo kubhekisa ekusweleni. Amanzi awela kwi-pores akhutshelwe amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, kwaye umkhenkce, njengoko waziwa, uyanda. Emva kwemijikelezo yeqanda yeqanda kunye nokukhwaza amazinga okuxhathisa iqabaka kunokuncipha.

Inqaku lesihloko: Ukubiyela iingcingo (ucingo) kwizindlu zabucala- khetha isitayile sakho

Ukubalwa kwenani

Ukubalwa kwenani leebhloko kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nobungqingqwa bendawo yodonga kunye nobungakanani bendlu. Ukwenzela ukubala imali ofuna ukwazi ubude kunye nokuphakama kweendonga, ubungakanani befestile kunye neminyango yeminyango. Cinga ngomzekelo wokubalwa kwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala, apho iindonga eziziibhar ziya kwakhiwa kwezi zixhobo.

Ke, kuyimfuneko ukwakha indlu ngezi paramitha zilandelayo:

Ubungakanani bendlu yexesha elizayo ziimitha ezingama-9x15. Ukuphakama - iimitha ezi-3.5, ubungakanani befestile yewindows 1.5x1.8 (ezi festile ziya kuba ziziqwenga ezisi-7, iminyango - izinto ezivulekileyo ziya kuba ngamaqhekeza ama-4.

Ukubala kufuneka kwenziwe ngokusekwe kubungakanani bebhloko, zahlukile. Kwimeko yethu, ubukhulu bodonga luya kuba yi-39 cm.

Ukubala kwenziwa ngokwamanqanaba aliqela:

• Bala umjikelezo wokungenisa ekhaya. Sineendonga ezimbini ze-9 m kwaye zimbini ukuya kwi-15 m. Ndiyaphindaphindisela i-2 * 9 m + 2 * I-15 m = 48 m;

• Ivolumu epheleleyo, kubandakanya iwindow kunye neminyango yeminyango: 48 m * 0,5 m * 0.3.52 m = 65.52 m = 0.39 m lubukhulu bobukhulu bokwenza i-imeyile;

• Ubalo lwazo zonke iiwindows zeWood: 7 * (1.5 m * 1.8 m * 0.39 m) = 7.371 M) = 7.371 M);

• Ubalo lwazo zonke izindlu zeminyango: 4 * (1.5 m * 2,5 m * 0.39 m) = 5.85 m3;

• Ke, ngoku kuyimfuneko ukubala ubungakanani befestile kunye neminyango ukuze ufumane inani lezinto ezizezintathu iindonga: 75.52 m³ - 7.871 M³ = 52.290 M³ - iyonke;
• Ukwenzela ukufumanisa inani elifunekayo lamaqhekeza, kufuneka ubale ivolumu yebhloko enye, kokuphindaphinda ukuphakama kobubanzi kwaye ubude, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukhulu bemithi: 0.4 m * 0.2 m * 0.2 m = 0.016 m³-ivolutha ibhloko enye;

• Ngoku ungafumanisa ukuba zingaphi iziqwenga ezifuna ukuthengwa: 52.299 M = 3268 m = 3268.6875 ≈ 3275 ≈ amaqhekeza eebhloko;

• Ukufumanisa iindleko zezinto zonke, kuyimfuneko ukuphinda indleko zebhlokhi enye.

Yintoni ekufuneka ibe nobungqingqwa bodonga

Ubungqingqwa beendonga kwi-ceramzitobetotheni buzimisele ukuxhomekeka kuxhomekeko lwesakhiwo. Ngokusekwe kwimigangatho yokwakha kunye nemithetho (snap), ubukhulu obucetyiswayo bodonga lwe-ceramnzite ye-ceramnzite yesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala yi-64 cm.

Kodwa, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba udonga oluphathekayo lwesakhiwo sokuhlala sinokuba nobukhulu be-3 cm. Ukwakha indlu yelizwe lasehlotyeni okanye i-cottage, i-gotara engabantu, ubukhulu becala bunokubakho kwibhloko enye.

Inqaku lesihloko: amakhethini kwikheji ukuya ekhitshini: Ungazikhetha njani amakhethini ngokufanelekileyo?

Itekhnoloji ilele

Okokuqala, qwalasela itekhnoloji yokubeka. Iibhloko zahlukile kwisakhiwo kunye nokuguqulwa: umngxunya kunye nexesha elizeleyo. Ixesha elizeleyo lisetyenziselwa iSiseko kunye nomgangatho ophantsi, kulindeleke ukuba ilayishwe. I-hoble isetyenziselwa ukwakha iindonga apho umthwalo omncinci ochaphazelekayo.

Ukulungiswa kwesiseko kufuneka kuhambelane nendawo ethe tyaba. Ukungabikho komphezulu othe tyaba, isiseko sebhanti sisetyenziswa kwangaphambili. Izitenxo ezincinci kumphezulu azingenzi i-paraphic, zinokuhambelana nesisombululo kwinkqubo yokufikelela kumqolo wokuqala wodonga.

Kwinkqubo yokulungisa isiseko, ungqimba lwamanzi lubekwa, imbaleki eqhelekileyo inokusetyenziswa.

Amanqanaba okubeka yenye yamanqanaba abalulekileyo. Kwiimbombo zodonga lwexesha elizayo kufuneka ufake imiqolo ekhethekileyo eya kukuvumela ukuba ulawule inqanaba lokuqala nelilandelayo. Ungasebenzisa ii-slats zeplanga, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, nokuba zizinto ezigudileyo. Ezi ndlela ziqingqiweyo zifakwe ngokuthe nkqo kumgama we-10 mm evela kwiikona kunye nomphezulu womqolo wexesha elizayo.

Kuloliwe, siqaphela inqanaba lesiseko kwaye sibeka amanqaku ahambelana namanqaku aphezulu okubangela ukuba enze ungcelele, anikwe ubungakanani beethesu zethungo (10 - 12 mm). Kwi-Raills yolula i-birlinew okanye intambo, eyona nto iphambili kukuba uya komelela. Intambo eyoluliweyo (intambo ekhethiweyo) iyimfuneko ukonga umgama phakathi kwawo nodonga lwe-10 mm.

Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo

Ukwenza ibhloko ye-ceramnjite-coricks, kunye nezitena, isisombululo sisetyenziswa kwisamente kunye nesanti kwi-1: 3 umyinge. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-lime isetyenziswa.

Ukulala kumqolo wokuqala

Icandelo ngalinye kufuneka limanzi ngamanzi ukufezekisa ububi obungcono. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, ungagalela inani elithile leebhloko ngaxeshanye. Ngcono xa yonke indawo yebhloko ikhutshelwe ngamanzi. Amanzi kufuneka angenelwe kumphezulu, kwaye angangqinelani.

Ukulala rhoqo ngekona yodonga. Kwisiseko esisebenzisa isisombululo kumqolo wokuqala, ubukhulu bayo akufuneki budlule kwi-22 mm.

Umaleko wesisombululo kufuneka ube ziisentimitha ezininzi esele zibhloko. Xa ibhloko iphazamisekile, isisombululo sivela ngaphantsi kwayo. Sisebenzisa isisombululo ngaphaya kwe-4 ukuya kwi-5 iibhloko, engasasebenzi, kuba iya kuqalisa kude kufike iibhloko zokuqala. Ibhloko ebekwe kakuhle kwisisombululo, ngoncedo lwesiphatho se-trigger okanye i-hammer yerabha ivule.

Kwangelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuyilisela phantsi kwamanqaku ngaphambili okuphawulwe kuloliwe nangaphantsi kwenqanaba lentambo. Umthungo awufanelekanga ungaphezulu kwe-10 mm, iintsalela zesisombululo sokuthetha zisuswa ngumasifundisane (iluncedo kumqolo olandelayo). Kukwayimfuneko ukugcwalisa i-Lateral State ngesisombululo phakathi kweebhloko.

Inqaku lesihloko: Liphi ubude amakhethini: Ukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo

Ukubeka umqolo wesibini kwaye emva koko

Intambo ebonisiweyo kwiCandelo elingasentla. Okwesibini kwaye yonke imiqolo elandelayo ibekwe kwikona. Ungqimba lwesisombululo lusetyenziswa kubuso obuphezulu bomqolo osele bubekwe, kwaye ufaka isisombululo kumgca ongezantsi webhloko elandelayo. Siyibeka kwaye siyikhuphele nkqi.

Emva koko, siyayifumana isibakala sesiqu, ukuyisebenzisa phantsi kwamanqaku onqwenelekayo kunye nentambo. Sisusa isisombululo esigqithisileyo kwaye sigcwalise ubuso phakathi kweebhloko. Kwinkqubo yokufakwa kwenqanaba lokulawula ngokuthe nkqo. Kwakhona, akukho mfuneko yokulibala malunga nophawu lweloliwe kunye nentambo.

Ukubekwa kweendonga ukusuka kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ze-ceramzit iibhloko kufuneka zibe nelayini. Uluhlu oluphezulu ngalunye lubekwe kwi-shift kwisiqingatha sebhloko ubude. Oku kuyakuqinisekisa amandla odonga kunye nembalelwano ye-seams yokuphakama kwebhloko.

Rhoqo, iindonga zeMonolithic kwikhonkrithi ye-ceramnzite zisetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezinamaphepha amaninzi. Oku kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukudala ukwakhiwa ngokuqinileyo kweNdlu, ngokusilela kweSeams.

Iindlela zokulala zixhomekeka kububanzi beyunithi ye-ceramnzite.

1. Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi lokuzibeka (igaraji, i-Warehouse) ububanzi bodonga alunakuba ngaphezulu kwe-20 cm. Udonga lwangaphantsi lubekho ngaphakathi, i-valer yoboya obungaphandle okanye isetyenziswa i-polystyrene foam.
2. Iibhafu kunye nezakhiwo ezifanayo, ezincinci, ububanzi bodonga zinokuhambelana nobungakanani beyunithi, hayi i-20 cm. Kule meko, i-bandi sele ithathwe. Intengiso ye-irmal isetyenziswa, njengecala lokuqala, kodwa umkhombe kufuneka ubuncinci ube yi-50 mm.
3. Ukwakha indlu yelizwe okanye i-cottage, ububanzi bodonga kufuneka bube ngama-600 mm. Udonga luza neebhloko zeebhloko kunye neevoluki ezizodwa phakathi kwazo kufuneka zishiywe xa zilele. Kulindelo kufuneka ubeke. Ukusuka ngaphakathi eludongeni kubekwa.
4. Ulwakhiwo lwezindlu kwiindawo ezinemozulu ebandayo. Xa udonga lwangaphandle lwenziwa, kwenziwa izihlunu ezimbini ngokuhambelana. Zinxulunyaniswa nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Phakathi kwazo, ukubekwa kufakwa i-varfar bubekwe kwaye omabini amacala ayasebenza. Le ndlela yeyona inzima kakhulu, kodwa inika i-insulafafatho elungileyo yegumbi.

Ividiyo ethi "Indlela Yokwenza I-Wall MasonSry kwibhloko yekhonkrithi ye-ceramic"

Ividiyo kwi-Wallry Gallry Generaque ngokusetyenziswa kweebhloko zekhonkrithi ye-ceramnzite njengezixhobo. Ukubonakalisa ukubekwa kwezakhiwo kunye namagqabantshintshi.