Umgangatho wanamhlanje wophahla unobomi obungaphaya kweminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30-kwezinto ezikhoyo ezigciniweyo kwixesha labo kangangexesha elithile. Kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kufakelo olunobuchule kwi-laivers. Iimpazamo azivumelekanga, kuba akunakwenzeka ukulungisa amandla abo. Kuya kufuneka sikhuphe isiqwenga sophahla, ukuba iimpazamo zendawo okanye zizonke, ukuba ziyihlabathi liphela. Mhlawumbi, ngenxa yesi sizathu, uninzi lwabanini bekhaya bakhetha ukwenza uphahla oluzikhukula ngokuzimeleyo, wenza, njengomlawuli, lungento yanto.
Izinto zokwakha zangaphantsi
Izixhobo zophahla lwasemgangathweni zinesimo semigulukula. Into ebophayo isetyenziswa kwisiseko samacala omabini, kwaye ukuthantamisa okukhuselekileyo kuyabekwa kuyo. Zonke ezi ntlobo zinokhetho oluninzi. Indibaniselo yabo kwaye unike iipropathi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu.
Izinto zokwakha zangaphantsi
Iintlobo zeziseko
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yepropathi yezinto ezibonakalayo iseta isiseko esifakwa isicelo somthi. Ukuba inokutyibilika, ke into eyenzekileyo yophahla lwasemgangathweni, nako, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile lingayitshintsha ubukhulu bayo ukuba ngaba ubungqineka bufuna, ke loo nto iqwengile. Kukho ezi ziseko zilandelayo kumgangatho wophahla:
- Ikhadibhodi yophahla. Isiseko esomeleleyo nesingabizi kakhulu, sithandwa ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi. Ngokusekwe kwikhadibhodi yophahla enza zonke iintlobo zeRubberoid. Ke ngoko, xa itheleleka kwisikhundla sokuqala, babeka ileta ileta incwadana "p", ethetha ukuba lo mbhalo. Olu lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwisixhobo sophahla lwethutyana - ubomi benkonzo yerabhasi-ukuya kwi-5 iminyaka. Kodwa indawo yokusetyenziswa kwe-Rusneroid ilinganiselwe - iqala ukuqhuma kwaye ityumke kumaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu + 40 ° C kwaye ngaphantsi-i-42 ° C. Kwaye le yeyona nto iphambili.
- Iphepha le-Asbestos. Esi siseko senze i-hydroingiole. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kungqingqwa we-lining yekhekhe enjenge-cubing yamanzi. Inexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa nobomi benkonzo-ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-5.
Ukuchongwa kwezinto ezisisiseko
- Iglasi. Isiseko esomeleleyo esingalulanga ukwaphula. Izixhobo ezisekwe kwi-fiberglass ngexesha lophahla zinokwahlukana nomphezulu, kodwa kunqabile ukubaleka. Iphawulwe ngeleta "c" (kwisikhundla sokuqala sonyulo).
- Iglasi. Izinto ezingezizo ezingezizo zinamandla aqhelekileyo, ilungele iziseko ezizinzileyo apho iintshukumo zingalindelekanga. I-cholester yeglasi kwimakelo iboniswe ngunobumba "X".
- I-polyester, ilori kunye nelila le-elastic. Izixhobo ezisekwe polyester zinokolulwa ngama-30% yobungakanani babo bokuqala ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthembeka. Ichazwe ngunobumba "e" kwisikhundla sokuqala sokunyulwa.
Ezona zixhobo ziqinileyo zenziwa ngesiseko se-polyester. Abavelisi bacebisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zigcina iipropathi zabo kangangeminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 ubudala. Uninzi lungasebenza ngophahla lweentyatyambo ngaphandle kokulungiswa, nangona kunjalo, kunye nokufakelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezisekwe kwi-polyester esekwe kwi-polyester lixabiso eliphezulu ngexesha lesixhobo. Kodwa ungagcina ngokulungisa kunye nokutshintsha.
Iintlobo ze-Binder
I-Binder ikwamisela iseti yepropathi yento eyenziwayo yophahla, kodwa ayisachaphazeli ngamandla, kodwa kwiipropathi ezinamanzi kunye nokuxhathisa kwiimpembelelo ze-Attossic. Kwakhona, lo mbambo unoxanduva lokufumana inqanaba le-clutch (amanebhuli) kunye nesiseko okanye isiseko se-suble. Kukho ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeebhayini:
- Ibimoous.
- Isekwe kwitekisi.
- I-biminous-degteva.
- Irabha-bimboinous.
- Irabha-polymer.
- I-polymer.
Iimpawu zezinto eziphantsi komhlaba zoboya ophahlayo kuhlobo lwe-binder
Iimpawu ezilungileyo zerabha kunye ne-bitumen-polymer-polymer. Banoluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu apho anokwenziwa khona. Xa ukhetha izixhobo zophahla lomgangatho, kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kule paramenti, kuba icandelo linyamezele ubushushu obuphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 °), kwaye ezinye ziphantsi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 ° C). Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba udideke.
Injongo
Uphahla lwasemgangathweni luhlala luhlala luninzi, kwaye izixhobo zokwahlula-hlukeneyo kufuneka zibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ezo ezantsi kufuneka zibonelele ngamanzi, ukufunxa kwengxolo, ngalo lonke ixesha kunokwenzeka ukuba nepropathi yokufakelwa i-chormal. Ezi zixhobo zibizwa ngokuba yi-lining kunye nelebheli, ibonakalisiwe yileta "p" kwisikhundla sesithathu ekumakisweni.Izinto ezifakiweyo zomaleko ophezulu wophahla kufuneka ukongeza ukuba ixhathise umphezulu womonakalo woomatshini kunye neziphumo zemozulu. Ezi zixhobo zibizwa ngokuba "uphahla" kunye nezifinyezo zibonakalisiwe yileta "k" kwisikhundla sesithathu.
Izikhuselo
Njengokuba unamathela kwizinto ezingcolileyo, kufuneka uvale into. Kwenze ngoncedo lwe-crumbs yelitye yesayizi eyahlukeneyo okanye kwifilimu yeplastiki. Ngamanye amaxesha i-foil (proloisol) isetyenziswa njengomaleko okhuselayo. Izinto ezinjalo zisetyenziswa kumazwe anemozulu eshushu. Funa i-foil yokunciphisa ubushushu - iindawo ezisezantsi zishushu nge-15 ukuya kwi-20 ° C engaphantsi xa usebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo.
I-crumb yelitye (iyasebenza) yenzeka:
- UDusty (p) kunye ne-Mure-Graineelied (M). Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukunamathela kwezinto ezikhoyo.
- I-Coarde-igcwele (k) okanye i-scaly-sali (h). Isetyenziselwa izixhobo zokuphahla ukusuka kwicala elingaphezulu ukukhusela ngokuchasene neempembelelo zoomatshini kunye nokukhusela kwiimpembelelo zemozulu. Ukongeza kule misebenzi, imisebenzi yokuhombisa - i-crumb ipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo.
Ukuba umphezulu ofakwe i-crumb ye-coarde-ye-courbact-luhlaselo (ukugqiba) ungqimba
Kuba uhlobo lokukhusela okukhuselekileyo lunefuthe elibonakalayo kwiimpawu kunye nenqanaba lezinto (i-good-tower-tower-tower-tower kunye nothulolo lwamacala omabini zisetyenziswa kwizinto zokudibanisa).
Kukufutshane zonke iimpawu ofuna ukuyazi xa ukhetha umbandela okhethiweyo. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, qiniseka ukuba ufunde inkcazo, funda ubungakanani kunye neenkcazo.
Itekhnoloji yokubeka uphahla oluthambileyo ngaphandle kokukhanya kuchazwe apha.
Iimfuneko zesiseko
Uphahla olunyusiweyo oluphakathi luhlala lwenziwa ngokuqiniswa kwesiseko sekhonkrithi, amalungu phakathi kweepleyiti kufuneka ungene kwi-M150 kunye neBrand ePhakamileyo. Kwaye, isizathu sinokuba:
- I-Mineral Wigid Plateid (umda woMda wobuncinci i-0.06 MPA. Ukuba uphahla lusetyenziswe ngqo kubo, umphezulu ophathwa ngophahla olushushu olune-1.5 kg / m2.
- Ukufakelwa okufudumeleyo ukusuka kwikhonkrithi ye-monolithic yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ye-Agegregates yohlobo lwe-Perlite, i-vermiculite. I-stred evela kwisisombululo sesanti sesanti sophawu ubuncinci m150.
- I-Polystyrene ekhutshiwe.
Isiseko phantsi komgangatho sinokuba ngama-Mats oqingqiweyo soboya bezimbiwa okanye ukuxinana okuphezulu kwePolystyrene
- Isiseko se-asphalt, amandla oxinzelelo okungenani i-0.8 MPA.
- Isikrefu esinemibala esineflethi ye-asbo-cement kunye nezitulo zeglasi, i-CSP (i-chipboard ye-chipboard). Ubuncinci bokuphakama kweepleyiti yi-8 mm, bangenelwe kwii-2 zeendlela ngokuhluthwa kwemithi. I-Seam enye kwenye isuka kwenye indawo ubuncinci i-50 cm. Ukuzibopha iileqo phakathi kwabo - embindini nakwi-perimeter, uhlobo lwefayili luyenziwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba lusebenzise isikrini. Xa ikhulisa isikrelemnqa esizimeleyo, isikhuselo sokuqala semingxunya siyayimfuneko, ububanzi bayo yi-1-2 mm ngaphantsi kobubanzi be-fasttener. Kwiphepha elinye 300 * i-150 cm, ubuncinci bezinto ezili-14 zifakiwe.
- Ukusilela kwi-Perlite kunye ne-ceramzit, ngaphezulu kwesona sisanti sesanti ngobungqingqwa obuyi-50 mm sanelisekile. I-stred kufuneka iqiniswe yigridi yentsimbi yendlela.
Enye yeendlela zokwenza ithambeka - udongwe
Ukuba uphahla lomgangatho ulihlathi, kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-bias ukuya kwi-drain okanye ingqengqelo yothintelo lwe-1.7%. Ihlala yenziwa ngoncedo lokufakelwa. Abavelisi bezixhobo zokuhambisa zivelisa izilayidi ze-disers ngethambeka elichaziweyo. Babekwe nje, bagcina ulwalathiso.
Enye indlela yokwenza ithambeka kukuseta izikhokelo ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kwekhonkrithi
Isixhobo sophahla oluvela kwiithayile zeBitumen ziya kufumana apha.
Ukuqulunqwa kwepayi yophahla
Xa usenza uphando okanye uphahla lomgangatho weflethi, ikhekhe lufanayo - kunye okanye ngaphandle kokufakelwa, kodwa oko kuya kuba ne-vapor farheer therers. Umxholo we-vaporation ukhethwe phantsi kophahla olusetyenziswayo, kunye nekhaphethi yelopi ikhethwe phantsi kwaso. Yonke into malunga nokuhambelana kweempawu kunye neempawu, kuba kunqweneleka ukusebenzisa zonke izinto zomenzi omnye eluphahleni. Iphulo eliqinisekileyo linokuba neetafile ezikhethekileyo onokuyikhetha kuzo ipie efunekayo. Omnye wabavelisi abadumileyo eRussia yi-tekncnowol eqinileyo, itafile yabo kwaye iboniswe ngezantsi.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto xa usebenzisa uphahla olutsha
UVaporizo ukhusela iingqekembe ezingaphezulu kwe-insumpas off of thessim, ebaluleke ngakumbi xa isetyenziswa njengelitye lokubekwa. Woyika ukumanzisa. Ngokwanda ukufuma, iipropathi zayo zokuvala i-thermal zincitshisiwe ngamandla, kwaye ukuba iyakrazula imeko emanzi, xa ke, xa ihlasela kuyo, iya kubanda kakhulu kwindawo yophahla lwakho. Ke ngoko, xa ibeka ivaration, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulelwa ukuqina kwamalungu, ukunqunyulwa ngokuchanekileyo kweendinyana.
Iphahla lophahla lophahla olushushu kunye nomgangatho wophahla
Xa uphahla lweflethi luluhlu lwe-insure, luyimfuneko ukukhumbula imfuneko yokwenza ithambeka ukuya kwi-drain okanye ifumane i-funnels (ubuncinci i-1.5%). Ithambeka elinye ligcinwa kwi-Tokola. Ubuncinci bomzimba buyi-5 cm, uphawu lwekhonkrithi alusezantsi kwe-M150. Isikhuselo amandla (ubuncinci kwiintsuku ezingama-28 ukusuka kumzuzu wokugcwalisa), i-bimous primer ifakwe ilebhile, ebonelela ngokuqhekeka okuqhelekileyo kophahla.
Ngakwiipleyidi ezingqongqo eziqingqiweyo, izixhobo zivunyelwe ngaphandle kokubeka isikroba. Emva koko iprimer igxothiwe ngumphezulu wento yokufakelwa, kwaye imigangatho yomgangatho wophahla ixhonywe ngaphezulu.
Kodwa akusoloko kuyimfuneko ukufudumeza uphahla. Kule meko, iileyiki zincinci (jonga ifoto).
Uphahla lweflethi lomgangatho ngaphandle kokufakwa
Kwisixhobo se-kyyy ye-kyyy okanye i-band tie (kwiipleyiti kunye namashiti), ipayi eluphahleni iya kuba njalo, kuphela i-varriermer ifakwe egumbini, kunye namashiti e Iqela liyekelelwe kwi-lags (i-Trick Taick ubuncinci ubuncinci i-8 mm, ilele kwii-subles ezimbini ngesaphulelo sokonga).
Isixhobo sophahla lomgangatho
Uphahla lwasemgangathweni luya kukhonza ixesha elide ukuba ziya kube zibekiwe kuyo yonke imithetho. Umsebenzi kakhulu, ifumaneka kwinqaku abakulungele ukubaluleka.Ukulungiswa kwesiseko.
- Ukusuka kumphezulu wophahla yonke inkunkuma kwaye uthuli lususiwe.
- I-rump kunye nezinye iindawo ezinamafutha aphantsi ziyasuswa zisebenzisa i-aladives.
- Ukuba kukho amabala amanqatha, isahlulo sesisombululo siyasuswa, silungelelanisa iziphumo ezinzulu ngepatch kwisisombululo sesamente.
- Ukuba umphezulu ugudileyo (umahluko awungaphezulu kwe-5 mm / sq. Mgama eluphahleni kunye ne-10 mm / sq. M kwindawo ethe tyaba), imingxunya kunye nemingxunya ivaliwe ngesisombululo sesamente. Ukuba i-slab passlap ayilingani, ithululwe kukulingana. Kuzalisekisiweyo, ikhonkrithi yophawu ayiphantsi kwe-M150, ubukhulu bomgangatho wobuncinci bokuqaqamba ngama-30 mm.
I-crocks yokuqalisa ukwanda, emva koko bhala ngesisombululo
- Iindawo ezithe nkqo kufuneka zifakwe okanye zigqunywe ziipleyiti ze-CSP, amaphepha e-Asbestos. Ukuba banobuqhetseba kwaye batyibilika, batywinwe kunye nesisombululo setywina okanye isanti.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubeka, umphezulu wophahla kunye nomhlaba othe nkqo uphathwa nge-bitumer primer (ukwenziwa kweprim).
Kwiindawo zohlengahlengiso lophahla ukuya kwindawo ethe nkqo ukuqala izixhobo zokuphefumla zomgangatho ukuya kwi-10-16 cm (ukuba akukho zindululo zikhethekileyo). Kwiindawo zokudibana nophahla lwezinto ezifudumeleyo (imibhobho ye-chimney kunye neendlela zokuhla kwebala kubandakanya), itheko lodonga oluthe nkqo kufuneka libe ngama-25 cm.
Ukubeka i-vaporizotion
I-bimouminous stemamer vapor vaimen inokuthi ibekwe ngendlela yokutsha kwaye ungabeka ngokukhululekileyo, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ungxamile onke amalungu.
- Izinto ezenziwayo ziqengqelwe eluphahleni ukuze i-adheshes yecala ishiya i-80-100 mm, isiphelo (amanqaku angamalungu amabini kwibhendi enye kwibhendi enye)-ubuncinci i-150 mm.
IMITHETHO YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA UMBULELO
- I-adhessions yokuphela kwezihlokondiweyo ezikufuphi kufuneka zahlulwe ubuncinci i-500 mm.
- Xa ifowuni yophahla lwentyatyambo olunyulu, i-vaporizoration iqala eludongeni ngaphezulu kwesayensi ye-heather nge-10 cm.
- Iindawo zokudibana nendawo ethe nkqo ziyaphuculwa ngumlinganiso owongeziweyo, iya kuqala kwi-250 mm kwaye i-100 mm ilele eluphahleni.
Emva kokubeka i-vaporizoration
Ungqimba lwenterfayili eshushu
Ukubeka inzuzo ye-irmal kwenziwa kwi-vale eyenziwe nge-vapor valer. Umphezulu kufuneka ome ngokupheleleyo kwaye ucocekile. Imigaqo yile:
- Iipleyiti zithathiwe ngaphandle komsantsa, zihambelana ngokuqinileyo omnye komnye. Ukuba i-slots yenziwa ngaphezulu kwe-5 mm, izaliswe yimigca yobushushu obushushu.
- Xa ubeka amagama amabini, ukugculelwa kuyabekwa ijikelezo.
- Ukwenzela ukonakalisa i-insumpations ebiyikisiweyo, kukho umkhondo ovela kwizinto zeplate (Plywood, i-OSP, njl.) Kumphezulu wayo.
- Ziqhotyoshelwe ngokukhethekileyo zizithintelo ezikhethekileyo ezinemikhono yeplastiki endaweni yeambrela.
Ukubeka ukufakwa kwe-thermal kwimigca eliqela yenzeka ngokususwa kwemisango
- Ngoncedo lokufakelwa kobushushu, kwenziwe i-bias kwi-drain.
Isixhobo se-tie
Ngokudityaniswa kwe-inshurensi ethule i-scred. Xa usebenzisa iipleyiti eziqinileyo ezivela kuboya bezimbiwa (ukuqina koxinzelelo lwe-0.06 MPA), uphahla lwenqanaba eliphantsi lunokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-inshunsen, ngaphandle kwesixhobo esikhutshiweyo. Kodwa ukuthembeka okukhulu, kungcono ukuba ungaqhubi eli nqanaba. I-odolo yomsebenzi yile:
- Umaleko wokwahlula-hlula ubekwe ngoboya obuziimbira okanye i-polystrene-irabhasi okanye i-Perbemine.
- I-wire yentsimbi ye-mesh ifakwe ubuncinci i-3 mm ubukhulu be-150 * i-150 mM inyusa.
- Amaqhekeza egridi athathwe nge-overplap yeseli enye (i-150 mm). Kwiindawo ze-allen, zibophelela kwi-wire ngenyathelo le-300 mm.
Isixhobo sikhwaza phantsi kophahla kwizinto ezifihlakeleyo
- Iindlela zikaloliwe zifakiwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukwenziwa kwethambeka.
- Ikhonkrithi igalelwe phakathi koololiwe. Uhamba ngolawulo, aphumle kuloliwe.
- Kwisithuba seentsuku ezimbini emva kokugcwaliswa, oololiwe basusiwe, abaqhubi belilungelo bazele ludaka lwesidanzi.
Amagqabi aqaqambileyo amandla. Kuthatha umyinge weentsuku ezingama-28. Ukugcina inqanaba elifunekayo lokufuma, kwangoko emva kokuba ilele, i-scred ivaliwe ngefilimu yePalyethylene, Tarlalo, Burlap. Kwiveki yokuqala, umphezulu omanzi omanzi: Kwiqondo lobushushu elinamaxesha amaninzi ngemini, kunye nezantsi.
Amandla ekhonkrithi athatyathwayo aphathwa ngeprimer (kunye ne-parapet nayo), linda de kufike i-Lod (ixesha ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwemozulu kunye nemozulu). Ukucinezela izinto zophahla lomaleko ongenguye ongenguye ongenguye.
Ukudibana kwendawo ethe nkqo: Isixhobo secala, umntwana ofikisayo
Kwiindawo zophahla oludibana ngqo kumphezulu othe nkqo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze icala nge-angle ye-45 °. Ungayenza:
- Ngoncedo lwesisombululo sesamente (uphawu lwe-M 150, ubukhulu be-100 * 100 mm)
- Ngokufaka iikhathuni ezizodwa, eziveliswa ngamaphulo afanayo avelisa izixhobo zophahla lomgangatho.
Iikhathuni zifakwe kwi-bitume ye-bitumen mastic, i-stern ukusuka kwisisombululo emva kokuba i-cerpliple ifakwe i-primer.
Isixhobo sokuloba kuhlaselo lwe-pham
UBurts uvaliwe ngomaleko ongezelelweyo wohlobo lweTekhnoloji. Ukusuka kwi-roll, ibhendi inqunyulwa ngobubanzi obunje ukuze ubuncinci i-100 mm yezinto ezikhoyo kwisiseko sophahla kunye ne-25 mm iqale kumhlaba othe nkqo. Imigca ye-backstage yecala-ingaphantsi kwe-80 mm. Ikhutshiwe ijikeleze umdaniso umxholo wekhaphethi eyongeziweyo ifihlakele ngawo wonke ububanzi.
Ukulungiswa kwee-angles zophahla lomgangatho-ngaphandle nangaphandle
Xa ibeka ezi ngxaki zilandelayo (i-lining kunye nophahla), ungqameko lwe-lining luqaliswe okokuqala, ikhaphethi iphambili igcwalise kwaye isuse, iyizise ngaphezulu kwe-80 mm ngaphezulu. I-bandwidth yekhaphethi eyongezelelweyo ixhomekeke kwi-faet.
Ukudityaniswa kophahla lomgangatho ukuya kwindawo ethe nkqo
I-Endow kunye neKonk
Ukuba uphahla olugcweleyo lomgangatho lunelisekile, endaweni ye-inclection yophahla - umlo ongezelelweyo we-lining bubekwe kwisiketi. Ububanzi bayo - i-250 mm kwicala ngalinye. Kuphahla oluntsonkothileyo kwicandelo elingaphantsi, i-lining ye-lining kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-500 mm kumacala omabini e-incaction.
Ukubeka umbandela kwi-undedwa (ngezantsi kwecala elongeziweyo lisekwe
Xa ulele kwisiketi, amalungu abekwe ecaleni kwendlela yomoya onamandla. Iphepha elingaphezulu lee-Cloves liyi-80 mm, amalungu anyanzelekile. E-PortOVA, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ikhaphethi yelanga ibekwe kwisiqwenga esinye. Ukuba ubude bobude alwanelanga, induli iqala ukusuka ngezantsi, ishukuma. Indawo edibeneyo nayo inyanzelekile.
Ibango lophahla lweBango: Izixhobo zokubeka imithetho
Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa indlela yokuqengqeleka. Kuphahla olucekeceke, oku kwenziwa kwicala elide lophahla. Elokhokhutho kunye nethambeka, ulwalathiso luxhomekeke kubungakanani be-engile:
- Ngaphantsi kwe-15 °-roll ngaphesheya kwethambeka (ecaleni kwe-state);
- Ngaphezulu kwe-15 ° - ecaleni kwethambeka.
Phawula! Ukubeka imilebe eyahlukeneyo kwindawo enobungqiwanga ayinamkeleko. Zonke iindawo zezinto ezigxile kakhulu eluphahleni zifakwe kwicala elinye.
Ukuba kukho iindawo ezininzi, amathungo amafutshane eendawo eziguqulwe ngama-300 mm ubuncinci. Xa ilele, amanye amanebhunga asemgangathweni anikezelwe: Icala - i-80-100 mm, iphelisa i-150 mm.
Ukususwa kweephaneli xa isixhobo
Uku-odola i-stack
Qala ufakelo lwezixhobo zophahla lomgangatho ukusuka kwindawo esezantsi. I-pre-roll iqengqele ngokupheleleyo, ibonelela ngeempawu zomhlaba othe nkqo (iiparapets, imibhobho, njl njl). Kuyimfuneko ukuqengqeleka ngaphandle kwamaza. Ukuze wenze izinto ezingafunekiyo, kunye ne-hluylit elinye icala licinezelwe into enzima (unokubeka umncedisi). Kwindawo ebiyelwe, ubude buqatshelwe, banqunyulwe kakhulu.
I-Prolominring Roll "zama"
Kwi-roll yophahla lokuphumla kude kude nemiphetho kwiziko. Ukuze ube lula, ungasebenzisa umbhobho wensimbi. Ngethambeka elingaphezulu kwe-8%, olu khetho lungadlulanga. Kule meko, uxinzelelo luqala ukusuka phezulu, luhamba phantsi. Iqhekeza lemitha le-1.5-2 ubude alitshintshwanga. Igqityiwe emva kokuba yonke iqhekeza libekwe.
Ukuze i-rolls kunye neentambo, kukho amaza ambalwa, iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokufakwa, zimiselwe "ukunamathela". Ke bathatha imilo ejikelezileyo, impahla emva koko iwa kakuhle.
Itekhnoloji yokuqubha
Nokuba yeyiphi na le nto isasazwayo, ifihlakele "kuwe". Ke ungalawula inqanaba lokufudumeza ungqimba olunamanzi: Yonke imifanekiso iphambi kwamehlo akho. Ukuba ukutyhala isiqu sakho "ukusuka kuwe", umgangatho wophahla uya kuba phantsi kakhulu kwaye uphahla luya kukhawuleza ukuvuza.
Kuyimfuneko ukuqengqeleka "kuwe"
Intshukumo yentshukumo egudileyo kwaye iyunifomu. Xa ubeka indawo ye-allen efudumele. Kule meko, i-burner ihamba ecaleni kwendlela ngohlobo lweleta "G". Umtshisi ubekwe ukuze isiseko sophahla lishushu, kwaye imbiya kumphezulu woluhlu. Ngokufudumeza okufanelekileyo, iroller encinci kwi-bigumen ye-bigumen yenziwa ngaphambi koluhlu.
Xa ufumanisa kubalulekile ukubeka esweni i-bitumest ngokulinganayo, kwakungekho "imimandla" yokubanda "okanye imimandla yendawo yokuhambahamba kwendawo. Abanye abavelisi (i-tehnonick) kwicala elingaphantsi lezinto zexabiso lokwenza uphahla ziyasetyenziswa. Kulula ukulawula inqanaba lokufudumeza kweebhityi-tumes-Nje ukuba umzobo "udadayo", unokuqengqeleka kwaye uqhubeke. Ukuba i-bitume ishushu ngokuchanekileyo, ilandela imiphetho yomphetho, ishiya ibhendi enobungakanani obuyi-25 mm. Oko kukuthi, emphethweni kuyaphuma ne-thungs yombala omnyama.
Ungawulawula njani inqanaba lokufudumeza kwempahla esezantsi eluphahleni
Phawula! Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhambe ngophahla lwe-baldan. I-sprinkver ikwi-bitumen eshushu, enamandla mayimbonakalo yayo kunye nepropathi yokukhusela.
Xa ibeka umgangatho wophahla kwiindawo ezincitshisiweyo, iikhoyiki zerowu kumalungu zisikiwe ngama-45 °. Oku kuchaza indlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba kwamanzi.
Ukubekwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwiziqendu ezikwiicandelo eliphantsi (i-Endows)
Ngamanye amaxesha xa ibeka ungqimba lomgangatho, uphahla kukho isidingo sokuqalisa umbandela ngaphezulu kwe-coarde-ene-sprinkle. Ukuba ufumana nje izinto ezibonakalayo kwaye iglue kufefa, ukubakho kokuvuza mkhulu. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubeke phambili umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-sprinkler, yintywila nge-spatula kwibhiyoni. Emva koko, unokufudumala kwakhona kunye neglu.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iindidi zeSofa