Isembozo sobulili esivame kakhulu egalaji igalaji ekhonkolo yigumbi elikhethekile lapho imoto ingagcinwa khona kuphela, kodwa futhi nokulungiswa kwayo. AmaLuber ezimoto afuna ukuhlomisa igalaji elinamashalofu akhethekile okugcina ithuluzi nokubonakalayo, okunikezela lula lapho kusebenza. Leli gumbi likhululeka, elisebenzayo futhi lifanelekile ukusebenza? Ekuqaleni, kuyadingeka ukunakekela ukuthi ithoni lukakhonkolo lenziwa egalaji, ukugcwaliswa kwalo okuzovumela ukuthuthuka okulandelayo nomsebenzi.
Izigaba zokugcwalisa phansi ngokhonkolo egalaji
Ukuwa kokhonkolo phansi kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ephakeme, futhi phansi kungaphansi komthambeka omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa ngezandla zakho akunankinga, futhi kulokhu udinga ukulandela isigaba somsebenzi. Ochwepheshe abanconywanga ukuba bazibandakanye ukhonkolo uma kungekho buningi lamakhono.
Ukugcwalisa ukhonkolo phansi egalaji kufaka izigaba eziningana okufanele zinembile
Izigaba zifaka:
- Ukulungiselela isisekelo;
- Ukususa inhlabathi evulekile;
- Ukudalwa kokujula;
- Izitayela ze-Gravel Carlews;
- Ebeka ungqimba lwesihlabathi somfula;
- Ukubeka amanzi manzi;
- Ukubeka ukuqiniswa ngokhonkolo;
- Ukufakwa kokufakwa kanye nokudonswa okulandelayo.
Uma kuhlelwa ukusetshenziswa konyaka wegaraji futhi kwenziwe ukushisa, khona-ke udinga ukubeka ukufakwa okushisayo. Lokhu kufanelekile i-polystyrene noma ezinye izinto ze-porous. Isikali sikakhonkolo sithululwa kuphela ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi wokuqala, futhi ama-beacons ayaboniswa. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ubucwecwe begaraji futhi uma ukuwasha kwezimoto kuzokwenziwa, khona-ke kufanele kwenziwe, lapho-ke udinga ukuhlela ukuthambeka okubukhali. Imvamisa ilungile egalaji ifinyeza ama-grooves akhethekile ukuchitha amanzi emgwaqweni nakwezekele ngokukhethekile.
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Izincomo zochwepheshe ekuhleleni phansi kwesendlalelo egalaji
Inketho efanelekile yokugcwalisa phansi yintwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ebusika, kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukufeza wonke umsebenzi ngokhonkolo, njengoba kungaholi, kepha kuqhwa. Ehlobo, futhi akusikho okulungele kakhulu, kusukela ngokuhwamuka okunamandla kakhulu, kungavela imifantu, okuzokonakalisa ngokwemvelo uhlobo lokuhlanganisa kanye nekhwalithi yalo. Yenza ukubizwa okulungile phansi egalaji akulula, kepha kungenzeka, futhi ngoba lokhu akwanele ukuthi i-screed imane igcwaliswe, njengoba kudinga ukubamba iqhaza kwama-nuances akhethekile.
Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukukhiqiza ucansi egalaji ekwindla noma entwasahlobo
Ama-nuances:
- Ubulili obuvumelekile phansi;
- Izinga lokushisa lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi;
- Kuyadingeka ukwenza kahle ukubalwa kwezinto zokwakha.
Ukuze ukhonkolo phansi egalaji, udinga uhlobo olukhethekile lukakhonkolo - m400 noma m500. Ukuxova ikhambi, udinga ukuthatha isihlabathi, nowomile namanzi. Uma kusetshenziswe ukhonkolo, khona-ke kungcono ukuletha ngemuva komsebenzi owenziwe.
I-concretion idinga ukwenziwa nge-seal, ezoqeda ukwakheka kwama-bubble.
Kuphela uma isitezi sibekwe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kungenzeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngempilo yenkonzo ye-coating kanye nezakhiwo zayo zokusebenza. Abanye baphuthuma ukukhipha umzuzwana nje njengokubeka ungqimba olufudumele egaraji, noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka kunoma yikuphi, futhi ikakhulukazi uma igumbi lisetshenziswa ebusika, futhi lifudumele. I-Polystyrene ekhishwe i-extredy ilungele ngokuphelele njengomfakisi ofanele kakhulu. Akakwazi ukudonsa umswakama futhi awenzi isikhunta.
Ngenxa yokuqiniswa kwesikrini, amandla awo kwenziwa, kusukela ngokuvezwa kwemishini, ukuqiniswa kuzothatha umthwalo uqobo. Ngokuqondene nomthambeka, ake sithi i-sco encane ohlangothini lweminyango ukuze amanzi noma athulule iqhwa emasondweni (lapho thawing) azange aqongelele ngaphakathi endlini. Ngokushesha ukhonkolo uqhaqhazela ngokuphelele, udinga ukucubungula ungqimba olungaphezulu, ngokuhlikihla izengezo ukwandisa ubunzima namandla. Le ngxube ingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo ngokuthengisa izinto zokwakha nokuqeda. Babizwa ngokuthi amasistimu wokuphakamisa, futhi kukhona ipulasitiki, upende futhi ahlanganise ekwakhiweni kwawo.
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Ungawenza kanjani phansi kokhonkolo osezingeni eliphakeme egalaji
Esigabeni sokulungiselela, ukususwa kwenhlabathi ephezulu yenqwaba kuyadingeka ezingeni eliminyene futhi akunakuthengiswa yi-bayonet shovel. Idinga ukungcoliswa ngokucophelela futhi ithulule ubumba ukuze ingaphezulu libushelelezi futhi bushelelezi.
Uma unamathela ngokuqinile kwimiyalo, ungathela phansi ukhonkolo egalaji ngokwakho
Ukhonkolo uPawulu ukhonkolo:
- Kudingeka ulandele imiyalo;
- Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuphambuka kubuchwepheshe;
- Kuyadingeka ukubekezelela isikhathi sokufa ukuze ususe ukuthathwa kwe-canvas nokwakheka kwemifantu.
Lapho-ke umcamelo wamatshe abunjiwe, ubukhulu bokuthi kufanele kube ngu-30-80 cm, kuqinisiwe futhi kugoqwe. Lapho-ke isihlabathi esinobukhulu obungu-10 cm. Ukuze ungaphambuki kubukhulu obuvumelekile bengqimba ngayinye, kufanele kwenziwe amamaki akhethekile emgodini we-dummy. Ngakho-ke kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuzulazula. Ukuze uhleleke ngokusebenza okulandelayo, kwakungekho ukungena kokunye okuvela emhlabathini ngaphakathi kwekamelo, kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba lokungena kwamanzi, okunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ifilimu le-polyethylene noma i-hydrokhotloxole.
Idivayisi yenziwa ne-Allen ezindongeni eziyi-10-15 cm. Ukuhlukaniswa kwedwa kulungiswe yi-stapler noma izipikili.
Ukuqiniswa kwegridi kubaluleke kakhulu, lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubeke imoto futhi ngasikhathi sinye ugcine ubuqotho be-coating ngaphandle kwentatheli. Ukhonkolo ungahlanganiswa ngedwa noma uthele enziwe ngomumo, o-ode ngokukhethekile ukwakheka. Ukugcwaliswa kokugcina phansi ngokwakheka kokhonkolo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngobuchwepheshe ukuze ama-beacons avumelanise izinga eliphansi. Ungqimba oluphezulu kufanele lugcwaliswe ngobukhulu obungama-40 cm uma isisekelo esiphelele sezindawo zasendlini singama-150 cm. Okulandelayo, kumiswe futhi ukwakheka kusetshenziswe futhi ukuqinisa. Nguye obhekene ne-decring yokuhlanganiswa.
Yiluphi uhlobo lukakhonkolo oludingekayo phansi egalaji
Ngaphambi kokuthulula ukhonkolo, udinga ukukhetha okulungile kwengxube kanye nokulungiselela onekhono. Ukwenza ukubala akunzima kakhulu. Njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa ingxube efanelekile, okubandakanya usimende nesihlabathi ngezilinganiso ezithile. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokukhetha ukulingana, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini usimende izogcwaliswa phansi.
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Jwayelana nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kakhonkolo bese ukhetha inketho efanelekile ezitolo ezikhethekile
Isibonelo, uma:
- Kuhlelelwe ukukhetha i-portland cement ukumaka i-M400, khona-ke udinga ukukhetha isilinganiso ngengxenye ye-1-3;
- M500 - Ingxenye ye-1-4 ifanele;
- M600 - 1-5.
Kungenzeka yini ukwenza izinguquko ekwakhekeni, kuya ngokuthi yiziphi izimo ezisegumbini. Lapho uxazulula lokho kukhonkolo okufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuhlela phansi egalaji, udinga ukunaka ingxube ye-sandbetone, ethathwe yomile futhi yenziwa ngokwezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla.
Ukwakheka kumele kwengezwe ku-spistizizer ne-fibrovolok, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka wenze khona ukunamathela okubushelelezi nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kweziphambeko.
Inani levolumu kakhonkolo yokhonkolo yokwehla egalaji lingavela esihlabathini, imfucumfucu, amanzi, usimende ngokwesilinganiso 2-4-1-1. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke, isihlabathi sengxenyeni ephakathi, netshe elichotshoziwe elingamatshe amakhulu, edwala, ingxenye 20- 40, futhi usimende ulungele ama-M300 / m400 brand. M300 akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Idivayisi yaphansi ekhonkolo egalaji (ividiyo)
Ukuhlelwa kwesitezi egalaji kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuxhumana nochwepheshe, uma kunekhono lokukhetha izinto zokwakha, hlola futhi kungaphazamisi izinyathelo zomsebenzi. Kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukuthi phansi kokhonkolo kuzokwehla isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi kuvinjelwe ngokwezigaba ukuwasebenzisa kuze kuqiniswe ngokuphelele, ngoba ubuqotho bokuhlanganiswa nokuqina kwalo buzophazamiseka.