Ukukhanyisa ophahleni: Kwenzekani? ? [Izinhlobo zemishini yokukhanyisa]

Ukukhanya ophahleni ezakhiweni zokuhlala kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kobumbano. Isinqumo sokuqamba ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi singase sibe nzima, into esemqoka ukuthi ifulethi likhanya. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi yikuphi ukukhanya kophahla, ukuthi ungawabeka kanjani amadivayisi wokukhanyisa, kanye nemithetho yokuqala yedivayisi yabo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kophahla olukhazimulayo

Lapho ukulungisa ukulungisa efulethini, akufanele uphume ophahleni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi sikhala sendiza yokucabanga kwakho. Ukwakhiwa kophahla kungahlotshiswa, kuvinjelwe uhlelo lokukhanyisa kulo, ngaleyo ndlela luguqule ingaphakathi lekamelo lilonke.

Ukukhanya kwesikhala sophahla kuhlanganisa izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Izibani zamaphuzu asetshenzisiwe zingokomnotho;
• Isixazululo Sokuqamba sihlukahlukene;
• Akudingekile ukucubungula ngaphambili ingaphezulu ngaphambi kokufaka;
• Idivayisi yokukhanyisa ivunyelwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo;
• ukudala ukwanda kokukhanya endaweni yesikhala;
• amandla okuthola kabusha amadivayisi, ngokuya ngezinga lokukhanya;
• Yelula ophahleni onama-luminaires owakhelwe ngaphakathi asetshenziswa isikhathi eside;
• Ukuhlanza okulula nokwakha induduzo.

Ukukhanya kophahla kungaqala kakhulu

Okubi kubandakanya:

• Imithombo yokukhanya kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-10 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lophahla, ngakho-ke ifulethi alinconywa efulethini elinokuphakama kodonga oluncane;
• Ukukhanyisa ophahleni akushintshile ngemuva kokwehla uphahla;
• Ngokufakwa okuzimele kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa, ubunzima kungenzeka;
• Lapho usebenza kufanele uhambisane nobuchwepheshe ukuze kungabikho iziphambeko.

Ukufakwa kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa kungcono kungcono ukunika ochwepheshe.

Izinhlobo zokukhanyisa ceilkov

Ukukhanyisa akuyona nje ukudalwa kokushisa nenduduzo egumbini, kodwa futhi nesixazululo soMklami. I-Pealight backlight ingenziwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamadivayisi. Ngaphambi kokukhetha eyodwa noma olunye uhlobo lwamalambu, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi yimuphi kubo ofaneleka ngokuphelele ophahleni lwakho.

Ukulengisa

Uphahla olumisiwe luwukwakha, ukufakwa kwawo okwenziwa edenini eliphakeme ukusuka esisekelweni sikakhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwamaphaphu lufanelekile kuphela amakamelo amakhulu anezinga eliphakeme lokuqoqa uphahla. Kodwa-ke, kunemidlalo lapha. Ngakho-ke, ophahleni okumisiwe kukhona amathuba okufaka amadivaysi ahlukahlukene okukhanyisa, kulokho ongakukhetha kulo.

Ukukhanyisa ophahleni omisiwe, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise amadivayisi wokukhanyisa alandelayo:

• Amabala;
• Ama-ribbons namaphaneli;
• Ama-chandeliers afulethini;
• Izibani ezishumekiwe ezishukiwe;
• Imithombo yokukhanya eyi-fiber fiber.

Abaqambi baphawula ukuthi i-backlight ophahleni omisiwe bayoba ngowangempela lapho besebenzisa izibani eziningana zezinhlobo ezahlukene.

Isimo esishubile

Uma inani elikhulu lamalambu ahlukene lingasetshenziswa ophahleni omisiwe, khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ngendwangu elula. Iqiniso ukuthi ifilimu ye-PVC, eyeluliwe ngaphansi kwesisekelo, ayinawo amandla amakhulu kanye nokuphikiswa kokushisa. Ukusuka lapha, singaphetha ngokuthi kulula ukulengisa i-chandelier esindayo ngqo kule webhu kalula - ifilimu liphuka ngokushesha. Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukufaka amalambu ngamalambu we-incandescent ajwayelekile, uma kungenjalo kukhona ubungozi bokuncibilika isigaba sefilimu eduze kwensiza.

Ukuhlomisa i-Tension CanVase, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amadivayisi anjalo kagesi njengoba:

• Izibani ze-LED point (zishunye);
• amiswe nophahla we-chandelier okhethekile;
• Ama-ribbons aholwa amadivayisi we-fluorescent.

Izibani zamaphuzu zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kophahla.

Ukhonkolo noma ngokhuni

Ukukhanyisa ophahleni kokhuni noma kokhonkolo kungenziwa kusetshenziswa amalambu ezinhlobo ezahlukene. Azikho yini imingcele lapha. Ezimweni ezinjalo kukhona ukufakwa kwamathuluzi ku-hook, i-anchor noma i-dowel elungiswe ngokuphephile ekuqedeni. Ungalengisa ngisho ne-chandelier enzima kunazo zonke futhi ungakhathazeki.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Inhlangano yokukhanyisa ethangeni lophahla: ukufakwa kanye nemibono yamakamelo ahlukene | +70 Photo

Uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwesisekelo sikakhonkolo lungafakwa nge-chandelier enama-ancondescent bulbs. Kufanelekile njengezinhlobo ezimisiwe nezibopha uphawu zamalambu. Itheyipu ye-LED izobheka umngcele wophahla.

Ngezisekelo zokhuni, zombili ama-chandeliers namadivayisi ashumekiwe afanelekile, njengephuzu. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ukufaka isicelo, ngoba inqubo yokufaka umsebenzi iyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukukhazimula kophahla njengekhambi elikhulu

Imvamisa, abaklami abangochwepheshe bahlome ngokukhanya okuphelele ophahleni lwentambo. Kubukeka kukuhle kakhulu, kubonakala sengathi uphahla lunhloso. Kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwewebhu nokunekhono, ungakha umphumela wesibhakabhaka ebusuku, futhi uma kusetshenziswa ifilimu elimhlophe le-PVC, kuzoba ukukhanya kophahla kophahla.

Ngasikhathi sinye esingajwayelekile

Ophahleni lophahla nokukhanya kwalo kukhona ama-nuances:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PVC canvas ngokusobala okungu-50%, okungeyona eyahlukile kwifilimu esobala.

• Ukwenza uphahla olukhanyayo, setha itheyipu ye-LED noma amalambu akhomba esikhaleni phakathi kwesisekelo sikakhonkolo newebhu ngokwalo.

• Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-tepi: kukhiqizwa zombili ezimhlophe nakweminye imibala.

Ukukhanya okumangalisayo kwesibhakabhaka esinenkanyezi ngqo nawe ngenhla kwekhanda lakho

Kuvidiyo: Uphahla lwe-LED-Law-Lighting.

Izinhlobo zamalambu ophahla olukhanyiselwe

Ukukhanyisa kwanamuhla namuhla kuyimakethe ehlukahlukene futhi yabathengi kunikeza izinketho eziningi zokukhanyisa. Lezi akuzona nje kuphela ama-chandeliers ajwayelekile namalambu akhomba, kodwa futhi nesibani, esenziwe ngezinhlelo zethrekhi, amadizayini aguqukayo. Lapho ukhetha ukukhanyisa, kufanele unake okuphawuleka amapharamitha egumbi, ngokwesibonelo, ekuphakameni nezinkomba zendawo, kanye nenhloso yazo.

Ama-chandeliers

Uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwamadivayisi wokukhanya kwegumbi kukhona ama-chandeliers. Bahlukaniswe:

• Imiswe okwesikhashana. Qondisa i-Flux ekhanyayo iqonde phansi. Imvamisa ukumiswa okunjalo kwenziwa kwintambo, uchungechunge noma kwezinye izinto.

• Uphahla. Lawa madivayisi akhanye, asabalalisa ngokulinganayo ukusakazwa okukhanyayo. Kunamafomu ahlukene (umjikelezo, isikwele, unxande), bese ubopha ngqo ophahleni usebenzisa ipulangwe.

• Classic. Idivaysi yalawa madivayisi iyona evame kakhulu, izibani eziningi ziyasetshenziswa, futhi izinto eziphambili zesakhiwo zenziwe ngensimbi, ingilazi, indwangu noma i-crystal. Hang on the hook ophahleni.

Amakhambi

Izibani zokukhanyisa uphahla ngaphezulu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu ekhomba. Inani lalolu hlobo lwamalambu asethelwa ukubalwa, ngokususelwa kwinkomba yamandla yamathuluzi. Ukukhanyisa kwamaphuzu kungasebenza njengento esemqoka futhi njengenye.

Isigaba esinamachashazi se-luminaire senziwa ngu:

• Indlela yokukhwela - eshunyekiwe, imisiwe noma ngaphezulu;
• Uhlobo lwamalambu - i-halogen, i-LED, luminenescent, amalambu e-incandescent;
• Ukubulawa - kungaba sobabili swivel futhi kungabonisi.

Landelela amasistimu

Lezi izinhlanga ezingafani zilungiswe ngojantshi - okuthiwa yi-busbar. Idizayini ingaba nezindawo eziningana, ngokuya ngomklamo. Ukuqinisa ophahleni kwenziwa kumakhebuli akhethekile futhi kuyashintshwa ekuphakameni okuhlukile.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi inkomba kagesi yemithombo yokukhanya ingaba ngobabili ngo-12v, ngakho-ke ngo-220 V. Okugcina kuhlukaniswe ukufakwa okulula nokuphepha ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Izibani eziguquguqukayo

Lolu hlobo olunye uhlobo lokukhanyisa, oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu njengokwengeziwe. Izibani ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zangaphakathi, ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo zayo kungafakwa esakhiweni sophahla sanoma yimiphi amafomu, futhi kuhluke futhi ku-luminescence ethambile.

Umphumela okhazimulayo uyadalwa:

• Izintambo ezi-Dralight;
• Ama-ribbons aholwa;
• Amashubhu we-neon.

Kulula ukulungisa ophahleni lwentambo, sebenzisa ukuklama uphahla lwe-plasterboard. Ngendlela efanelekile, itheyiphu elungisiwe isebenza isikhathi eside futhi idizayini akudingekile ukuthi ikhonze ngokukhethekile. Yenza ukukhanya okukhulu kusakufanele, noma ngabe usebenzisa le ndlela yamadivayisi wokukhanyisa.

Uphahla lokukhanyisa amakamelo ahlukene

Kuze kube manje, kunezindlela eziningi zokwakha uphahla olunokukhanya. Lapho ukhetha, kufanele ucabangele inhloso yegumbi, futhi yiziphi izici ezinamadivayisi akhanyayo.

Iphasiji

Izincomo eziningana ekuqothulweni kwephaseji:

• Ngophahla oluphansi, ukubekwa kwamalambu kunconywa ngesiqondiso esinqunyelwe esinqunyelwe ezindongeni nasekukhuliseni usayizi wekamelo.

• Uma izinga lophahla lingaphansi kwesilinganiso, imiphumela yokukhanya kwasekuqaleni itholakala lapho usebenzisa amathuluzi we-halogen.

• Ukwandisa isikhala, ukushumeka nokubeka izibani ukuze ukukhanya kuwele ezindongeni.

• Uma izinga eliphakeme lophahla, ungafaka amadivayisi amaningi wokukhanyisa, ngakho-ke ukukhanya kuzowela phansi.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Izici zokukhanyisa ekhishini: Kwenzekani nokuthi ungahlela kanjani? (imibono yamanje)

Indawo yokupheka

Ukukhanya okuyinhloko noma okuphelele okudingekayo kuleli gumbi kusetshenziswa, okwengeziwe - kwasendaweni ngendlela yamalambu ekhomba, ama-Wall Braids. Ifomu lokuqala livame ukusetshenziswa ukukhanyisa yonke indawo, kanti owesibili endaweni yokulungiselela noma yokudla.

Igumbi

Ngaphambi kokufaka amadivaysi okukhanyisa, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi umbhede uzotholakala kuphi, ukubeka ucingo kuncike kukho. Ukukhanyisa okukhulu kunconyelwa ukwenza maphakathi negumbi, ungasebenzisa i-chandelier ejwayelekile, futhi odongeni lombhede ukuze ulenga isibani sobusuku nesibani se-halogen.

Igumbi lokuphumula

Into elula yokukhanyisa ingahle ibe yi-chandelier etholakala enkabeni yegumbi, kepha kubalulekile ukucubungula amapharamitha wendawo nokuphakama kophahla. Uma igumbi likhulu, khona-ke i-chandelier ephelele izobukeka ingeyokuqala. Uma igumbi lokuhlala lincane, khona-ke ophahleni kungenziwa ngamalambu ashumekiwe wokunwetshwa kwesikhala.

Indlu yokugezela

Isixazululo esifanele sizoba yi-matte noma obala ama-plaffices. Uma izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lophahla, ungamisa okwesikhashana i-chandelier, futhi uma kuphansi, khona-ke kwanele ukulungisa izibani ezindongeni. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinto ezikhethiwe ezivela kwingilazi enamabala ngeke zibe inketho engcono kakhulu, ngoba ukugeleza kokukhanya kuzohlanekezela.

Uvulanda ophezulu

Kunendawo encane kuleli sayithi, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa:

• isibani esincane sedeskithophu;
• Umthombo wokukhanya ophahleni;
• Wall Indawo Bra.

Imvamisa ukukhanyisela kuvulandi noma i-loggia, kukhethwe ukukhethwa kwamadivayisi aklanyelwe umgwaqo.

Imininingwane mayelana nokukhanya kwamaphuzu

I-Spoilight eyakhelwe eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma yeluliwe namuhla isithandwa. Izinhlobo zamalambu asetshenzisiwe asebenzayo futhi axhashazwa isikhathi eside. Ukukhanya kwephuzu kuhlakazeke ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke le ndawo, okunikeza ukukhanyisa okujwayelekile.

Izici ezibalulekile

Esikhathini sophahla olumisiwe noma weluliwe, amalambu ekhomba akhanyisa indawo encane. I-angle yokuhlakazwa ayidluli ku-30. Ngakho-ke, la madivayisi kufanele abekwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Imifudlana ekhanyayo inefomu lesivumelwano, kusho ukuthi kumele awele kwelinye izinga, elingaphezulu kwazo zonke izinto nefenisha.

Ubuhle nobubi

Izinzuzo zamalambu ekhomba:

• ingasetshenziswa ukukhanyisa izindawo ezithile;
• ube nokudliwa okuncane kukagesi;
• ingafakwa noma kuphi;
• ube nobukhulu obuncane;
• Khipha ukukhanya okukhanyayo;
• Amathuba okwenza ngemibala ehlukene.

Kukhona ababi:

• Ukuklama ubunzima;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunikezwa kwamandla;
• akufanele isetshenziselwe ophahleni oluphansi;
• Lapho kuqulwa ngokweqile, amaphutha angahlala ophahleni omisiwe.

Ukubekwa kwamalambu

I-Dot Luminaires ingatholakala ngokuhlukile, konke kuncike ekusebenzeni kwekamelo nomqondo wokuqamba. Kepha ngokuvamile khetha izinketho zokuhlala izibani ezilandelayo:

• ukufana komunye nomunye;

• azungeze uphahla ophahleni;

• ngesimo se-arc;

• umbuthano noma isikwele;

• Isiphambano;

• ebhodini lokuhlola.

Indlela yokubala inani lamalambu

Ukubala inani lamadivayisi wokukhanyisa amaphoyinti, kuyadingeka ukukala indawo yophahla. Ngakho-ke, ngamandla amalambu ku-35 W, kungenzeka ukukhanyiswa 1.5 m2 (20 w akhanyisiwe nge-1 m2). Ngokukhanyisa okwengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-chandelier, inani lamaphuzu le-luminaires lincishisiwe.

Izindlela zokukhanya zimelelwa kuma-suites for 1m²

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunezinhlobo zamalambu okuphoyina ahlome ngendlela ejikelezayo noma ngesibani ngaphakathi, ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule i-angle yokuhlakazeka. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ungathola inani elincane lamalambu.

Kuvidiyo: Indlela yokubala inani lamalambu ophahla lwentambo.

Ibanga elincane

Endabeni yokukhetha amadivayisi wokukhanyisa amaphoyinti, kuyadingeka ukubheka okulandelayo:

• Kusuka ezindongeni kuya ezibani, ibanga okungenani lama-20 cm okufanele acindezelwe;
• Phakathi kwamadivayisi uqobo kufanele ashiywe okungenani ama-30 cm;
• Ibanga kusuka kumthungo wamafilimu we-PVC nawo kufanele abe ngaphezu kwama-20 cm;
• Isibani esisodwa sizokhanyisa uzungu lwe-1.5 m2.

Lezi zidingo zidinga ukwenziwa ukuze ukugcwala ngokweqile kungenzeki, futhi, ngokufanele, akuzange kwephule ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo (esimweni sophahla lwengxabano - amafilimu we-PVC).

Isihloko ngesihloko: Izinketho zokukhanyisa egumbini lokuhlala kanye namathiphu enhlanganweni (+110 izithombe ezinhle)

Khomba ukukhanyisa emakamelweni ahlukene

Izibuko zisetshenziswa ngokuphelele kunoma yiliphi amakamelo, hhayi egumbini lokuhlala kuphela, egumbini lokulala, kodwa futhi nasemakamu, indlu yokugezela, igumbi lokugezela kanye neCorridor. Lesi yisisombululo esifanele uma ifulethi lincane. Kepha nakhu kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi izibani zamaphuzu kufanele zifakwe engxabanweni noma ekwakheni uphahla olumisiwe, futhi akuhambelani negumbi.

Ngaphambi kokufaka izibani ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ama-markups kwifilimu noma ephepheni le-plasterboard, elinikezwe:

• indawo yophahla;
• Inhloso yegumbi;
• Idizayini ephelele;
• Inani lama-chandeliers atholakalayo kanye ne-sconces.

Ibhanganija

Ukukhanya kufanele kugcwaliswe ngemibala ekhanyayo, kepha hhayi kuze kufike lapho kukhanya ukusika iso. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukudalwa kokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Amalambu ekhomba angabekwa imishayo eminingi, bese ubeka i-chandelier enkabeni.

Indawo yokupheka

Kunoma yimuphi umnikazi, ukukhanya ekhishini kuyadingeka. Udinga ukubekezelela ibanga phakathi kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa, kanye nokubala amandla abo. Lapho ukhetha umthombo owengeziwe wokukhanya, inani lama-luminaires amakhulu kufanele ancishiswe.

Igumbi lokuphumula

Enye yezinqumo ekwakhiweni kwegumbi lokuhlala ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ezihlanganisiwe. Amalambu ekhomba atholakala ngokulinganayo ngokuhlobene nomthombo oyinhloko wokukhanya noma okuzungeze i-perimeter, kuyadingeka ukubheka amathuba okulawula amandla.

Igumbi

Ukuze ukukhanya kungabingeli emehlweni, kunconywa izibani zamaphuzu ukuhlela ezitebhisini zophahla noma ngohlane wazo. Inani lamalambu lingcono ukusetha okuncane kunalokho kwavela lapho kubalwa. Ukuze uguqule ukukhanya, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa i-dimmer.

Izingane

Ukukhanyisa kwakha imithombo yamaphuzu yokukhanya phezu komsebenzi wezingane, ngokwesibonelo, lapho bedweba noma bazibandakanye khona nakwabuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwamalambu ekhomba amakhono ahlukene nokukhanya, ungakha ukulingiswa kwezinganekwane ezinganeni.

Indlu yokugezela

Awekho amalambu akhomba amanga amabili ukukhanyisa leli gumbi, ngoba le ndawo ivame ukwedlula i-5 m2. Konke kunqunywa ukubalwa. Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukusebenza kwe-sealant kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa kanye nesixazululo esifanele kuzoba ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu we-halogen.

Izinketho zophahla lwentuthu

Lolu hlobo lophahla luhlome ngamalambu wezinhlobo eziningana. Isici esihlukile ukujula kokufakwa kwezingxenye ezithwala njengamanje. Ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa wodaka kuhlobene kakhulu, futhi indandatho ihlelwe amalambu ukugwema ukufakwa kwale filimu.

Ngaphezulu kwezinga lophahla

Amadivaysi okukhanyisa afakwe ngenhla kophahla lwenqanaba adala umphumela we-luminescence kusuka ngaphakathi. Kuyamangaza ngokuphelele, kepha kukhona inani lamaphutha:

• Indawo ayimbozwe ngokuphelele;
• Ukushisa okunzima kwamalambu anzima;
• Isidingo sokusebenzisa izibani ze-LED.

Ezingeni lophahla

Izibani ezishumekiwe zifakwe ngqo esakhiweni sophahla uqobo. Isikhala sokukhanyisa senziwa, kuya ngombono. Kepha isilinganiso sokuhlakazeka okukhanyayo siphakeme impela. Akunakwenzeka ukufaka amalambu anamandla angaphezu kwama-35 w, futhi i-transformer iyadingeka.

Ngaphansi kweleveli kanye nokukhanda

Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo zokukhanyisa okunjalo ngamaphesenti amakhulu okuhlakazeka okukhanyayo. Lesi sigaba sifaka amalambu ekhomba, abuye ashumeke emklamweni omisiwe noma oweluliwe, kepha into yokukhanyisa idlulela ngalé kohlaka lophahla. Ingahle ibe nemigqa yengilazi, ilenga izinto zokuhlobisa.

Ukubeka ama-luminaires aphezulu, kusetshenziswa isisekelo esikhethekile, esivumela izibani zamapharamitha ahlukile wamandla.

Ezinye Izinketho

Ngosizo lwamalambu we-fiber-optic point, ungakha ukumbumbuluzwa kwesibhakabhaka esinenkanyezi. I-Duplex Stretch Couilings ene-backlight eyengeziwe ingeyangempela kwikhambi. Kuhle ukukubheka lokho lapho ukhetha izibani zohlobo lweMignon, into eyodwa isethwe ngesilinganiso esingu-2 m2.

Imibono engajwayelekile yokubekwa kwamalambu

Ukwakha iphrojekthi entsha yokukhanyisa, ungaqondiswa ngemibono yokudala:

• Beka amabala enyoka;
• Qala uhlobo olulodwa lwamalambu emakhoneni, nasesikhungweni ukuze ukhweze okunye;
• Khetha imibala ehlukahlukene bese uwahlelela ekuvumelaneni;
• Amalambu ekhomba indawo enezihlobo ezihlobene nezindonga.

Ungadweba noma imiphi imidwebo, wenze isithombe bese usebenzisa imibono, into esemqoka ongayibheka ngayo imithetho yokufaka.

Yelula isipipha e-Pouling Backlight (2 Ividiyo)

Imibono Ehlukahlukene (Izithombe ezingama-80)