Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha buhlakulela njalo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isitini sasithandwa kakhulu. Esikhathini sethu, oncintisana naye ophambili yi-slagoblock. Ungayakha kanjani igalaji kusuka ku-slag block? Malini okudingekayo kulokhu? Uzothola izimpendulo zale mibuzo ngokufunda irekhodi kuze kube sekupheleni.
Isithunzi sezinto ezibonakalayo
I-Slag block ibizwa nge-block kakhonkolo, equkethe i-slag. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-slags, kepha isizinda sisetshenziselwa izinto zokwakha. Kubonakala ngezimfanelo zokwakha eziphezulu kakhulu. Futhi, amabhlogo anjalo asebenzisa ama-fillers angabizi, ngohlobo lokulwa okuyisikhombisa noma kwezitini. Ukudluliswa kokushisa kwamabhulokhi we-slag kungathuthukiswa yi-polystyrene.Kuyinto enhle kakhulu yeDachnings nezakhiwo zezindlu zezwe. Amabhulokhi anezinzuzo eziningi, futhi angabenza bazenze ngokuzimela. Ama-masonry angenziwa kalula ngokwawo, ngisho nomuntu omusha. Ukwakhiwa kwegalaji kusuka eSlagoblock ngezandla zawo kuvumela ukonga kakhulu, kuhambisa injabulo futhi kunciphise inqwaba yenkinga. Ngokunciphisa inani labakhi nemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kubonakale amandla okunciphisa izindleko, kanye nezakhiwo ezizimele kungenye yezizathu zokuziqhenya ngomsebenzi wazo.
Kungenzeka ukwakha igalaji kusuka ku-slagoblock ngokwakho, futhi izindawo zokufaka okushisayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo zingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa. Ziphi amabhlogo we-slag? Imvamisa, amagalaji, uthango nezindlu ayakhiwa. Ezinye izici zezinto ezibonakalayo zenza ukuthi zikwazi ukuthola ukuthi luhlobo luni lwesakhiwo olungafanele. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-slag block - eziyize futhi ubude obugcwele. Izindonga zakhiwe ezintweni eziyize. Amabhulokhi aphezulu aqinile ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi asetshenziselwa ukwakha isisekelo.
I-block ayithandi ukugqama, kufanele kubhekwe lapho kwakha isisekelo se-slag block. Isisekelo esinjalo singakhiwa kuphela enhlabathini eyomile noma endlini encane, isakhiwo. Ukwakhiwa kwegalaji kusuka esigxotsheni kungasiza ukonga isikhathi nemali. Akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqasha ochwepheshe ukuze basebenze, ngoba iningi lomsebenzi lingenziwa ngokwabo. Yize kunombono wokuthi amabhlogo we-slag awathembeki kakhulu, eqinisweni, impilo yabo ineminyaka engama-50.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kanye nesisekelo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwegaraji, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi othile wokulungiselela. Yini edingekayo egalaji kusuka ku-slag block ngezandla zawo isikhathi eside futhi wavikelwa ngokuthembekile ezinguquko ezinqumweni nasemeni sezulu esingazinzile? Owokuqala ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Geodesic yendawo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nebanga ezindaweni zamanzi, ezokuxhumana, enye edingekayo yendlu yezakhiwo, indle, kubandakanya.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokwakha igalaji kusuka ku-slagoblock, iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwalo kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili, njengoba iphrojekthi iyisisekelo sawo wonke umsebenzi.
Umakhi we-novice angasaba ithemba elinjalo, ngoba abaningi babo bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu odinga isikhathi esiningi.
Eqinisweni, dweba igalaji elisalungiswa kusuka ku-slag block ephepheni elilodwa. Umdwebo onjalo uyakwazi ukwenza lula umsebenzi. Kubalwa ku-Calculator yebanga kanye nenani lezinto zokwakha ezikwazi ukwenza lula umsebenzi wakho omkhulu. Futhi ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa, kufanelekile ukuncipha ngokwakho ukuthi igumbi legaraji lizosetshenziswa kanjani - noma ngabe lizogcinwa yimoto kuphela, noma lapho kuzokwazi ukulungisa, ukugcina imikhiqizo nezinto, kungenziwa ngaphansi kwegaraji kwesela. Ukunquma lo mbuzo, unganciphisa isikhala somsebenzi wesikole odingekayo, lapho ulungiselele igaraji ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
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Iyunithi Yokwakha
Isisekelo segaraji esivela kubhulokhi le-slag akufanele siqine futhi sibucayi, ngoba isisindo uqobo kanye nokwakhiwa kwalezo zibhulokhi akukukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo sincike ezintweni eziningi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukujula kwebhukumaka, okuncike ekuhambeni kwenhlabathi. Ukuba khona kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba kungabaluleke kakhulu, ukuqondiswa kwendima yabo, uhlobo lomhlabathi - isihlabathi, ubumba, amadwala. Ukuthatha isinqumo ngalezi zinto, ukufunda ukuthi iningi lazo lizokwakhiwa kwesisekelo esezingeni eliphakeme nesinokwethenjelwa, ungaqala umsebenzi, kepha ngisho nalapho kwakhiwa khona lapho kunezindlela eziningi, ngakunye kwayo okuhlukaniswe ngezinga layo lokusebenziseka kalula.
Okokuqala, ungqimba wokuqala wenhlabathi uyasuswa. Umsele uyaphenduka. Umsele ugcwele isihlabathi, amatshe noma izitini ezaphukile emigqeni eminingana. Isendlalelo ngasinye siboshwe ngodaka kasimende. Yini? Isigaxa esinjalo siyakwazi ukuvikela isisekelo ekubhujisweni okungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukumba imisele kumasentimitha angama-40 ububanzi kanye namasentimitha angama-50 ukujula. Phansi kumbozwe ngesihlabathi, kuthululwe ngamanzi futhi kufanele kuphazanyiswe. Le ndlela yenza isisekelo sibe isikhathi eside futhi siqine.
Futhi, phansi kuqiniswa ukufakwa, bawa ukuze izinkomba zendawo zabo zihlukile. Isisekelo esinjalo sikhonjwa futhi simelana nezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Indlela yokugcina ilula kakhulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi ukhonkolo we-boot. Kukhona umsele, obeka iStratum Strata. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsele ugcwele usimende. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ikhwalithi kasimende yegaraji akufanele iwele umugqa we-150 womkhiqizo. Usimende uvuselelwa ngesihlabathi, ingxenye eyi-1 kasimende ezingxenyeni eziyi-2,5 zesihlabathi. Amanzi angezwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwengxubevange eshukumisekayo. Ukuze isisekelo esanda kwakhiwa sifakwe emanzini amaningi, kuyinsimbi ku-Rubberoid. Kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu kumasentimitha amaningi abanzi kunendawo yokwakha. Isango lifakwa eStrut.
Izintambo
Ukuze wakhe izindonga, ungasebenzisi imithetho ekhethekile. I-Brickwork ingenziwa ngezindlela eziningana - phansi kwetshe, etsheni elilodwa, kwelinye nesigamu noma amabili. Amandla odongeni ancike kulokhu. Udonga luyakwazi futhi ukubekezelela imimoya yomoya, umehluko wokushisa uphakeme futhi uphansi. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwakha izindonga zibizwa ngokuthi "izitini". Umugqa wokugcina uwela futhi wephule imithungo yangaphambili.
Okokuqala, ama-engeli asetheliwe, nangemva kokubekwa kwe-slag emabhulokini aqhubekayo. Ukubekwa ekwakhiweni kwegalaji kusuka emabhulokini e-slag akuhlukile kakhulu ekubekeni izitini. Okokuqala, ama-engeli asetheliwe, kufanele abe ama-vertices wesikwele esifanele. Phakathi kwazo zelula i-lace noma intambo, ezolawula izinga lobumbano, bobabili ovundlile nasemncane. Uma usebenzisa izinto zesimanje zama-masonry, khona-ke igaraji lakho lizoba lihle. Futhi kuzohluka ngokuqina, ikhwalithi nokuphepha. Futhi futhi amabhlokhi avela ku-SLAG angokomnotho enobunzima obuningi kunezitini ezijwayelekile.
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Floor screed
Phansi kwakhiwa ezingeni lesisekelo, inqubo yomsebenzi ifaka ukulungiswa komhlaba. I-screed kufanele ibe yi-deheatimeter. Ingaphezulu lokubeka phansi kufanele lilungiswe - susa udoti, liqondise indawo, ijazi elingezansi kwesihlabathi noma imfucumfucu njengoba kudingeka. Izinhlobo eziningana zokhonkolo zokwakha zihlukanisiwe, futhi kusuka kukho konke okuthandayo ukwakha phansi kunikezwa ku-M200 elungele ukulungiswa.
Ngincoma ingxube yethayi phansi, futhi lapho ingaphezulu liqina ngokwanele, lizokwazi ukuliqala. Ngokufaka phansi ezingeni lesisekelo, kuyadingeka ukunaka amandla alo. Yize kunjalo, ngeke kube kuphela abantu egaraji, kodwa futhi nemoto. Kungakho ukhonkolo uzokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo phansi. Ukushuba kwayo kusuka kumasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubeka, umhlaba uyaqondaniswa futhi uhlanzwa.
I-subftip yenziwa ngesihlabathi noma imfucumfucu encane, emva kwalokho ukuhlanganiswa kufundiswa. Ingaphezulu lomphezulu lihlolwe ngezinga. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-beacons kusuka kupayipi. Ngokufaka izingxenye zikakhonkolo, kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngisho naphakathi kwama-beacons. Ukhonkolo ofakiwe uyagcinwa, futhi ukuze kuvele uthuli kukho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukwenza inqubo yensimbi. Kunezindlela eziningana kule nqubo, futhi ngayinye yazo ihlose ukuthuthukisa amandla okuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo, inikeze uhlobo oluhlelekile nokususwa kothuli olubi.
Uphahla nesango
Ukwakhiwa ophahleni kufaka phakathi amalungiselelo okusebenza, kanye nokulungiswa kwemishayo yakwamanye amazwe, okumele kube yinto emide kunobubanzi begalaji ngo-25 cm. IBrussia ihanjiswe ngophahla, ukushuba kwabo kufanele kube ngu-40 mm, futhi basondele komunye nomunye. Bese kuba nomugqa wezinto zophahla ezifuywayo okufanele zibekwe munye ngamunye ngokulandelana okuthile. I-Karamzit, i-slag ne-semi-rigid stove iwela esihlahleni kumasentimitha angama-20 eminyene. Uphahla lumbozwe nge-aquaizole ne-ruble.
Ukugqagqana kokwakha kungabiza okungabizi kakhulu. I-Metal Beams kanye ne-boardwalk futhi idlala indima enkulu kulolu daba. Ngokufaka ukumboza odongeni, kufanele kuthungwe. Kulesi sigaba, ukufudumala kwe-slag kwenziwa, izindleko ezincanyana.
Uphahla kufanele lusebenze njengangaphambili nangemuva. Kuzovikela izindonga zamanzi.
Ubude baleyo mibono bungaba ngamasentimitha angamashumi amane. Eseceleni kwe-slag yokufakelwa, eyayimbozwe ngaphezulu kwe-runneoid, yenziwa ngokomusi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ngangokunokwenzeka. Uphahla olunjalo ngeke lumukele umswakama, ukuvuza, kepha kulokhu udinga ukukumboza ngezakhiwo ezingangenzi manzi. Noma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-rubberoid zingasiza ekwenzeni ophahleni lwemisebenzi yabo. Igcotshwa i-rubberoid incibilika noma i-mastic, futhi ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kwesisulu sika usimende iphathwa nge-bitumen primer, noma "primer".
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Ubunjiniyela benethiwekhi
Labo bashayeli bezimoto abebengakaze bahlangane kaningi nomquba wangaphakathi egalaji, bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqeda okunjalo kuyadingeka kuphela ukuze izakhiwo zibe zibanzi, zithokomele noma zikhanye. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi nakho kusebenza kakhulu. Izinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa abakhi abanolwazi zingadonsa ukungcola nephunga. Azithintwa futhi ngamakhemikhali, umswakama, izinga lokushisa, ungashisi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuqeda kwangaphakathi, kepha okwamanje kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokuthi amanethiwekhi obunjiniyela azokwenziwa kanjani egumbini.
Amanethiwekhi anjalo ayinhlanganisela yemishini nokuxhumana okuzohlinzeka ngegaraji ngemfudumalo, ukuxhumana, ugesi kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle. Kuyisiqephu esihamba phambili samanethiwekhi abhekwa yindle. Kuyinto elula ukuyisebenzisa ukuze uxhumeke ohlelweni olumaphakathi. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, umthombo, noma usetshenziswe kahle. Ukukhanyisa nokuphakelwa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu - ayikho igaraji engenakuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokukhanya nogesi. I-wiring kufanele kuhlelwe kusengaphambili, ngemuva kokuthi ifakiwe, ungaqala ukuqeda, ngaphandle kokwesaba iqiniso lokuthi uphuthelwe noma ukhohliwe okuthile.
Ukushisa nomoya omncane kubaluleke kakhulu - baqinisekisa induduzo kanye lula indawo yokuhlala, endlini nasegalaji. Okuhle kakhulu kungaba uhlelo lokungena komoya. Amanethiwekhi alula wobunjiniyela angenziwa. Kodwa-ke, uma umsebenzi uvela ukuthi uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, umthombo we-wiring udidekile noma udelele, kanye nokuthuthwa kwendle, iphrojekthi ye-Plan, ukubala kanye nomsebenzi kulolu daba kungashiywa kochwepheshe, onjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe.
Pheza
Ukuqedwa okuvame kakhulu kusebenza njengesigaba sokugcina somsebenzi wokwakha. Umugqa wegaraji kusuka ebhuthini le-slag akadingi amakhono akhethekile, amakhono noma uhlobo lwesenzo ukuze wenze inqumo enhle futhi enhle. I-lining kanye nomhlobiso wezindonga, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekamelo, kungahluka. Uma kunesifiso, izindonga zingafakwa ngotshani, zifakwe emhlophe, zisule usimende noma zimbozwe nge-clapboard. Igumbi lifakwa nge-fiberglass noma igwebu.
Ukusuka kumswakama, igalaji lakho lingavikelwa yifilimu noma enye indlela - ngoba lokhu kungenza umugqa usuka e-drywall. Ukwakhiwa kwegaraji kusuka e-slagoblock kungabizwa ngokuthi unombono omuhle kakhulu, ukwakhiwa okunjalo akukuphansi kwegaraji yezitini ekhishwe emfashinini. Izinto ezibonakalayo nazo zamukelekile futhi zimelana nemithwalo ephezulu. Izinga lamabhulokhi likuvumela ukuthi usebenzise igalaji isikhathi eside. Umklamo wonke uhlukaniswa ngokuqina nokuphepha. Uma ukhetha kahle i-gamut yombala, khetha okuqukethwe bese uyifaka, khona-ke umhlobiso wangaphakathi nangaphandle wekamelo ungenza igaraji lakho libe ntofontofo, lithokomele futhi lihle.
Ividiyo "Yiliphi ibhulokhi le-slag"
Erekhodini indoda ikhuluma ngezinzuzo nezinzuzo zalezi zinto zokwakha.